1|Page
NURS 251 PHARMACOLOGY ACTUAL EXAM 2 | WITH COMPRELE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2025/206 LATEST UPDATED | 100 %
RATED AND VERIFIED SOLUTIONS | GET AN A+
What do we use to test vision? - (ANSWER)Snellen chart and Rosenbaum vision card
Snellen chart - (ANSWER)distance, one eye at a time
Rosenbaum - (ANSWER)near vision
farsightedness - (ANSWER)hyperopia
nearsightedness - (ANSWER)myopia
inability to accommodate for near vision; age related (over 45) - (ANSWER)presbyopia
Extraocular eye movement (EOM) is performed by what - (ANSWER)cranial nerves and
extraocular muscles
cranial nerves used in EOM - (ANSWER)III, IV, VI
oculomotor, trochlear, abducens
Extraocular eye movement test - (ANSWER)6 cardinal positions of gaze
Ways to test EOM - (ANSWER)Hold head still and have eyes follow:
H and W or wagon wheel (center to point)
,2|Page
What does corneal light reflex test - (ANSWER)balance of eye muscles
Corneal light reflex test - (ANSWER)direct light at nose 12 inches from patient; reflection
should be symmetrical
Name for when eyes do not line up with each other due to weakness or incoordination of eye
muscles during corneal light reflex - (ANSWER)strabismus
oscillation of eye (rapid, involuntary back and forth movement) - (ANSWER)nystagmus
What does PERRLA stand for? - (ANSWER)pupils equal, round, reactive to light and
accomodation
equal - (ANSWER)pupil size same in both eyes
when pupils are two different sizes - (ANSWER)anisocoria
constriction less than 2 mm - (ANSWER)miosis
dilation greater than 6 mm - (ANSWER)mydriasis
round - (ANSWER)pupils are circles
reactive to light is also known as - (ANSWER)light reflex
reactive to light - (ANSWER)constrict when exposed to light and dilate when in dark
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pupillary reflex - (ANSWER)pupils adapt for vision in different light conditions
accommodating is also known as - (ANSWER)focusing
accommodation - (ANSWER)constrict when looking at something close, dilate when looking at
something far away
otoscopic exam - (ANSWER)examination of external canal and tympanic membrane with
otoscope
adult ear exam - (ANSWER)pull ear up and back
pediatric ear exam - (ANSWER)pull ear down and back (more horizontal canals)
what are we looking for during otoscopic exam - (ANSWER)color, characteristics, positions,
landmarks, etc.
what specifics are we looking at during otoscopic exam? - (ANSWER)tympanic membrane,
cerumen, otitis media, tubes
what should tympanic membrane look like? - (ANSWER)pearly and smooth; can rupture
cerumen - (ANSWER)earwax
otitis media - (ANSWER)infection/inflammation in the ear
Who is otitis media most common in? - (ANSWER)children
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hearing acuity/hearing exam tests what cranial nerve? - (ANSWER)CN VIII
vestibulocochlear/auditory/acoustic
types of tests for hearing - (ANSWER)rinne test, weber test
rinne test - (ANSWER)tuning fork over mastoid process and then in front of ear
should bone conduction or air conduction be longer? how much longer? - (ANSWER)AC
should be 2x longer than BC
weber test - (ANSWER)tuning fork over midline of skull and patient tells you where they hear
it
how should patient hear during weber test? - (ANSWER)bilaterally (in both ears)
tinnitus - (ANSWER)constant ringing in ears
who does tinnitus affect most commonly? - (ANSWER)older adults
acute pain - (ANSWER)short term
pain theories - (ANSWER)specific theory, pattern theory, gate control theory
specific theory - (ANSWER)complexity of pain, special pain neurons go straight to brain
pain=injury
pattern theory - (ANSWER)pattern of stimulus is more important than specific stimulus
NURS 251 PHARMACOLOGY ACTUAL EXAM 2 | WITH COMPRELE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2025/206 LATEST UPDATED | 100 %
RATED AND VERIFIED SOLUTIONS | GET AN A+
What do we use to test vision? - (ANSWER)Snellen chart and Rosenbaum vision card
Snellen chart - (ANSWER)distance, one eye at a time
Rosenbaum - (ANSWER)near vision
farsightedness - (ANSWER)hyperopia
nearsightedness - (ANSWER)myopia
inability to accommodate for near vision; age related (over 45) - (ANSWER)presbyopia
Extraocular eye movement (EOM) is performed by what - (ANSWER)cranial nerves and
extraocular muscles
cranial nerves used in EOM - (ANSWER)III, IV, VI
oculomotor, trochlear, abducens
Extraocular eye movement test - (ANSWER)6 cardinal positions of gaze
Ways to test EOM - (ANSWER)Hold head still and have eyes follow:
H and W or wagon wheel (center to point)
,2|Page
What does corneal light reflex test - (ANSWER)balance of eye muscles
Corneal light reflex test - (ANSWER)direct light at nose 12 inches from patient; reflection
should be symmetrical
Name for when eyes do not line up with each other due to weakness or incoordination of eye
muscles during corneal light reflex - (ANSWER)strabismus
oscillation of eye (rapid, involuntary back and forth movement) - (ANSWER)nystagmus
What does PERRLA stand for? - (ANSWER)pupils equal, round, reactive to light and
accomodation
equal - (ANSWER)pupil size same in both eyes
when pupils are two different sizes - (ANSWER)anisocoria
constriction less than 2 mm - (ANSWER)miosis
dilation greater than 6 mm - (ANSWER)mydriasis
round - (ANSWER)pupils are circles
reactive to light is also known as - (ANSWER)light reflex
reactive to light - (ANSWER)constrict when exposed to light and dilate when in dark
,3|Page
pupillary reflex - (ANSWER)pupils adapt for vision in different light conditions
accommodating is also known as - (ANSWER)focusing
accommodation - (ANSWER)constrict when looking at something close, dilate when looking at
something far away
otoscopic exam - (ANSWER)examination of external canal and tympanic membrane with
otoscope
adult ear exam - (ANSWER)pull ear up and back
pediatric ear exam - (ANSWER)pull ear down and back (more horizontal canals)
what are we looking for during otoscopic exam - (ANSWER)color, characteristics, positions,
landmarks, etc.
what specifics are we looking at during otoscopic exam? - (ANSWER)tympanic membrane,
cerumen, otitis media, tubes
what should tympanic membrane look like? - (ANSWER)pearly and smooth; can rupture
cerumen - (ANSWER)earwax
otitis media - (ANSWER)infection/inflammation in the ear
Who is otitis media most common in? - (ANSWER)children
, 4|Page
hearing acuity/hearing exam tests what cranial nerve? - (ANSWER)CN VIII
vestibulocochlear/auditory/acoustic
types of tests for hearing - (ANSWER)rinne test, weber test
rinne test - (ANSWER)tuning fork over mastoid process and then in front of ear
should bone conduction or air conduction be longer? how much longer? - (ANSWER)AC
should be 2x longer than BC
weber test - (ANSWER)tuning fork over midline of skull and patient tells you where they hear
it
how should patient hear during weber test? - (ANSWER)bilaterally (in both ears)
tinnitus - (ANSWER)constant ringing in ears
who does tinnitus affect most commonly? - (ANSWER)older adults
acute pain - (ANSWER)short term
pain theories - (ANSWER)specific theory, pattern theory, gate control theory
specific theory - (ANSWER)complexity of pain, special pain neurons go straight to brain
pain=injury
pattern theory - (ANSWER)pattern of stimulus is more important than specific stimulus
