AP European History Exam 2026
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Guaranteed
Benvenuto Cellini - Correct answer-Goldsmith & sculptor who wrote an
autobiography, famous for its arrogance and immodest self-praise.
Condottiere - Correct answer-Mercenary soldier of a political ruler.
Humanism - Correct answer-Recovery and study of classical authors & writings.
Individualism - Correct answer-Emphasis on the unique & creative personally
(personality?).
New Monarchs - Correct answer-Term applied to Louis XI of France, Henry VII of
England, and Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain, who strengthened their monarchical
authority often by Machiavellian means.
Rationalism - Correct answer-Application and use of reason in understanding and
explaining events.
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,Renaissance - Correct answer-The period from 1400 to 1600 that witnessed a
transformation of cultural and intellectual values from primarily Christian to
classical or secular ones.
Secularism - Correct answer-Emphasis on the here and now rather than on the
spiritual and otherworldly.
Lorenzo Valla - Correct answer-(1407-1457) Humanist who used historical
criticism to discredit an eighth-century document giving the papacy jurisdiction
over Western lands.
Virtu - Correct answer-Striving for personal excellence.
Baroque - Correct answer-The sensuous and dynamic style of art of the Counter
Reformation.
Brethren of the Common Life - Correct answer-Pious laypeople in sixteenth-
century Holland who initiated a religious revival in their model of Christian living.
John Calvin - Correct answer-(1509-1564) French theologian who established a
theocracy in Geneva and is best known for his theory of predestination.
Charles V - Correct answer-(1519-1556) Hapsburg dynastic ruler of the Holy
Roman Empire and of extensive territories in Spain and the Netherlands.
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,Council of Trent - Correct answer-The congress of learned Roman Catholic
authorities that met intermittently from 1545 to 1563 to reform abusive church
practices and reconcile with the Protestants.
Index - Correct answer-A list of books that Catholics were forbidden to read.
Indulgence - Correct answer-Papal pardon for remission of sins.
Inquisition - Correct answer-Religious committee of six Roman cardinals that tried
heretics and punished the guilty by imprisonment and execution.
Jesuits - Correct answer-(Society of Jesus) Founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-
1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism.
John Knox - Correct answer-(1505-1572) Calvinist leader in sixteenth-century
Scotland.
Martin Luther - Correct answer-(1483-1546) German theologian who challenged
the church's practice of selling indulgences, a challenge that ultimately led to the
destruction of the Roman Catholic world.
Sir Thomas More - Correct answer-(1478-1535) Renaissance humanist and
chancellor of England. Executed by Henry VIII for his unwillingness to publicly
recognize his king as Supreme Head of the church and clergy of England.
Nepotism - Correct answer-Practice of rewarding relatives with church positions.
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, Peace of Augsburg - Correct answer-(1555) Document in which Charles V
recognized Lutheranism as a legal religion in the Holy Roman Empire. The faith of
the prince determined the religion of his subjects.
Pluralism - Correct answer-The holding of several benefices (church offices).
Simony - Correct answer-Selling of church offices
Theocracy - Correct answer-A community, such as Calvin's Geneva, in which the
state is subordinate to the church.
Usury - Correct answer-Practice of lending money for interest.
Gustavus Adolphus - Correct answer-(1594-1632) Swedish Lutheran who won
victories for the German Protestants in the Thirty Years War and lost his life in one
of the battles.
Duke of Alva - Correct answer-(1508-1582) Military leader sent by Phillip to
pacify the Low Countries.
Armada - Correct answer-(1588) Spanish vessels defeated in the English Channel
by an English fleet, thus preventing Philip II's invasion of England.
Vasco de Balboa - Correct answer-First European to reach the Pacific Ocean
(1513).
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Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Guaranteed
Benvenuto Cellini - Correct answer-Goldsmith & sculptor who wrote an
autobiography, famous for its arrogance and immodest self-praise.
Condottiere - Correct answer-Mercenary soldier of a political ruler.
Humanism - Correct answer-Recovery and study of classical authors & writings.
Individualism - Correct answer-Emphasis on the unique & creative personally
(personality?).
New Monarchs - Correct answer-Term applied to Louis XI of France, Henry VII of
England, and Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain, who strengthened their monarchical
authority often by Machiavellian means.
Rationalism - Correct answer-Application and use of reason in understanding and
explaining events.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 1
,Renaissance - Correct answer-The period from 1400 to 1600 that witnessed a
transformation of cultural and intellectual values from primarily Christian to
classical or secular ones.
Secularism - Correct answer-Emphasis on the here and now rather than on the
spiritual and otherworldly.
Lorenzo Valla - Correct answer-(1407-1457) Humanist who used historical
criticism to discredit an eighth-century document giving the papacy jurisdiction
over Western lands.
Virtu - Correct answer-Striving for personal excellence.
Baroque - Correct answer-The sensuous and dynamic style of art of the Counter
Reformation.
Brethren of the Common Life - Correct answer-Pious laypeople in sixteenth-
century Holland who initiated a religious revival in their model of Christian living.
John Calvin - Correct answer-(1509-1564) French theologian who established a
theocracy in Geneva and is best known for his theory of predestination.
Charles V - Correct answer-(1519-1556) Hapsburg dynastic ruler of the Holy
Roman Empire and of extensive territories in Spain and the Netherlands.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 2
,Council of Trent - Correct answer-The congress of learned Roman Catholic
authorities that met intermittently from 1545 to 1563 to reform abusive church
practices and reconcile with the Protestants.
Index - Correct answer-A list of books that Catholics were forbidden to read.
Indulgence - Correct answer-Papal pardon for remission of sins.
Inquisition - Correct answer-Religious committee of six Roman cardinals that tried
heretics and punished the guilty by imprisonment and execution.
Jesuits - Correct answer-(Society of Jesus) Founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-
1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism.
John Knox - Correct answer-(1505-1572) Calvinist leader in sixteenth-century
Scotland.
Martin Luther - Correct answer-(1483-1546) German theologian who challenged
the church's practice of selling indulgences, a challenge that ultimately led to the
destruction of the Roman Catholic world.
Sir Thomas More - Correct answer-(1478-1535) Renaissance humanist and
chancellor of England. Executed by Henry VIII for his unwillingness to publicly
recognize his king as Supreme Head of the church and clergy of England.
Nepotism - Correct answer-Practice of rewarding relatives with church positions.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 3
, Peace of Augsburg - Correct answer-(1555) Document in which Charles V
recognized Lutheranism as a legal religion in the Holy Roman Empire. The faith of
the prince determined the religion of his subjects.
Pluralism - Correct answer-The holding of several benefices (church offices).
Simony - Correct answer-Selling of church offices
Theocracy - Correct answer-A community, such as Calvin's Geneva, in which the
state is subordinate to the church.
Usury - Correct answer-Practice of lending money for interest.
Gustavus Adolphus - Correct answer-(1594-1632) Swedish Lutheran who won
victories for the German Protestants in the Thirty Years War and lost his life in one
of the battles.
Duke of Alva - Correct answer-(1508-1582) Military leader sent by Phillip to
pacify the Low Countries.
Armada - Correct answer-(1588) Spanish vessels defeated in the English Channel
by an English fleet, thus preventing Philip II's invasion of England.
Vasco de Balboa - Correct answer-First European to reach the Pacific Ocean
(1513).
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 4
