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NURS 5220 HEALTH ASSESSMENT EXAM WITH
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS THE LATEST
UPDATED EXAM BANK INCLUDING EXPERT
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS FOR A SURE PASS
What are benzodiazepines? - ANSWER: A class of drugs used for anxiety and
other purposes.
What are the uses of benzodiazepines? - ANSWER: Sedation, hypnosis, muscle
relaxation, anxiolysis, anticonvulsant, amnesia, insomnia, alcohol withdrawal.
What is the structure of benzodiazepines? - ANSWER: Benzodiazepine ring with
2 nitrogen atoms at positions 1 & 4, phenyl group at position 5, and an
electronegative group at position 7.
How do benzodiazepines work? - ANSWER: They promote the binding of GABA
to the GABAA receptor, enhancing GABA-induced chloride currents and
inhibiting neuronal cell excitation.
How are benzodiazepines metabolized? - ANSWER: They are oxidized in the
liver via CYP enzymes, primarily CYP3A4.
What are the active metabolites of benzodiazepines? - ANSWER: Diazepam (with
a half-life exceeding 100 hours) and midazolam (rapidly metabolized to an α-
hydroxylated compound with biologic activity).
Which benzodiazepines have no active metabolites? - ANSWER: Oxazepam,
lorazepam, and temazepam.
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What factors can alter the metabolism of benzodiazepines? - ANSWER: Disease
and age.
What is the duration of action of benzodiazepines primarily determined by? -
ANSWER: The α phase (distribution-redistribution from CNS) dynamics rather
than the rate of elimination.
What are the pharmacodynamic effects of benzodiazepines on the CNS? -
ANSWER: CNS depressant effects including anxiolysis, sedation, sleep,
anticonvulsant, amnesia, muscle relaxation, and inhibition of alcohol withdrawal
symptoms.
What effect do high doses of benzodiazepines have on CMR02 & CBF? -
ANSWER: They reduce CMR02 & CBF.
What effect do benzodiazepines have on the threshold to local anesthetic-induced
seizures? - ANSWER: They increase the threshold to local anesthetic-induced
seizures.
What is the dose-related effect of benzodiazepines on anterograde amnesia? -
ANSWER: They cause anterograde amnesia at high doses.
What are the potential drawbacks of benzodiazepine use? - ANSWER: Awareness
regarding addiction, withdrawal, recreational abuse, and the development of other
drug classes has led to a decline in their use.
Which CYP enzyme is primarily responsible for the metabolism of
benzodiazepines? - ANSWER: CYP3A4.
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Which benzodiazepine has a half-life exceeding 100 hours? - ANSWER:
Diazepam.
Which benzodiazepine is rapidly metabolized to an α-hydroxylated compound with
biologic activity? - ANSWER: Midazolam.
Which benzodiazepines have no active metabolites? - ANSWER: Oxazepam,
lorazepam, and temazepam.
What is the primary factor determining the duration of action of benzodiazepines?
- ANSWER: The α phase dynamics of distribution-redistribution from the CNS.
What are the CNS depressant effects of benzodiazepines? - ANSWER:
Anxiolysis, sedation, sleep, anticonvulsant, amnesia, muscle relaxation, and
inhibition of alcohol withdrawal symptoms.
What effect do high doses of benzodiazepines have on CMR02 & CBF? -
ANSWER: They reduce CMR02 & CBF.
What effect do benzodiazepines have on the threshold to local anesthetic-induced
seizures? - ANSWER: They increase the threshold to local anesthetic-induced
seizures.
What is the dose-related effect of benzodiazepines on anterograde amnesia? -
ANSWER: They cause anterograde amnesia at high doses.
What does midazolam achieve at low doses? - ANSWER: Rapid onset, short
duration of action, and half-life
NURS 5220 HEALTH ASSESSMENT EXAM WITH
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS THE LATEST
UPDATED EXAM BANK INCLUDING EXPERT
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS FOR A SURE PASS
What are benzodiazepines? - ANSWER: A class of drugs used for anxiety and
other purposes.
What are the uses of benzodiazepines? - ANSWER: Sedation, hypnosis, muscle
relaxation, anxiolysis, anticonvulsant, amnesia, insomnia, alcohol withdrawal.
What is the structure of benzodiazepines? - ANSWER: Benzodiazepine ring with
2 nitrogen atoms at positions 1 & 4, phenyl group at position 5, and an
electronegative group at position 7.
How do benzodiazepines work? - ANSWER: They promote the binding of GABA
to the GABAA receptor, enhancing GABA-induced chloride currents and
inhibiting neuronal cell excitation.
How are benzodiazepines metabolized? - ANSWER: They are oxidized in the
liver via CYP enzymes, primarily CYP3A4.
What are the active metabolites of benzodiazepines? - ANSWER: Diazepam (with
a half-life exceeding 100 hours) and midazolam (rapidly metabolized to an α-
hydroxylated compound with biologic activity).
Which benzodiazepines have no active metabolites? - ANSWER: Oxazepam,
lorazepam, and temazepam.
,2|Page
What factors can alter the metabolism of benzodiazepines? - ANSWER: Disease
and age.
What is the duration of action of benzodiazepines primarily determined by? -
ANSWER: The α phase (distribution-redistribution from CNS) dynamics rather
than the rate of elimination.
What are the pharmacodynamic effects of benzodiazepines on the CNS? -
ANSWER: CNS depressant effects including anxiolysis, sedation, sleep,
anticonvulsant, amnesia, muscle relaxation, and inhibition of alcohol withdrawal
symptoms.
What effect do high doses of benzodiazepines have on CMR02 & CBF? -
ANSWER: They reduce CMR02 & CBF.
What effect do benzodiazepines have on the threshold to local anesthetic-induced
seizures? - ANSWER: They increase the threshold to local anesthetic-induced
seizures.
What is the dose-related effect of benzodiazepines on anterograde amnesia? -
ANSWER: They cause anterograde amnesia at high doses.
What are the potential drawbacks of benzodiazepine use? - ANSWER: Awareness
regarding addiction, withdrawal, recreational abuse, and the development of other
drug classes has led to a decline in their use.
Which CYP enzyme is primarily responsible for the metabolism of
benzodiazepines? - ANSWER: CYP3A4.
, 3|Page
Which benzodiazepine has a half-life exceeding 100 hours? - ANSWER:
Diazepam.
Which benzodiazepine is rapidly metabolized to an α-hydroxylated compound with
biologic activity? - ANSWER: Midazolam.
Which benzodiazepines have no active metabolites? - ANSWER: Oxazepam,
lorazepam, and temazepam.
What is the primary factor determining the duration of action of benzodiazepines?
- ANSWER: The α phase dynamics of distribution-redistribution from the CNS.
What are the CNS depressant effects of benzodiazepines? - ANSWER:
Anxiolysis, sedation, sleep, anticonvulsant, amnesia, muscle relaxation, and
inhibition of alcohol withdrawal symptoms.
What effect do high doses of benzodiazepines have on CMR02 & CBF? -
ANSWER: They reduce CMR02 & CBF.
What effect do benzodiazepines have on the threshold to local anesthetic-induced
seizures? - ANSWER: They increase the threshold to local anesthetic-induced
seizures.
What is the dose-related effect of benzodiazepines on anterograde amnesia? -
ANSWER: They cause anterograde amnesia at high doses.
What does midazolam achieve at low doses? - ANSWER: Rapid onset, short
duration of action, and half-life
