, Hillegass:EssentialsofCardiopulmonaryPhysicalTherapy,3rdEdition
Chapter1:AnatomyoftheCardiovascularandPulmonarySystemsTest
m Bank
MULTIPLECHOICE
1. Whichofthefollowingchestwallstructuresislocatedlevelwiththesecondcostalcartilage n
anteriorlyandthoracicvertebraT4andT5posteriorly?
m n n
A. Sternalangle
B. Jugularnotch
C. Xiphoidprocess
D. Thirdcostalcartilage
ANS: A m m
Thesternalangleofthe“angleofLouis”islevelwiththesecondcostalcartilageanteriorly andthoracic
m m m m n
vertebraeT4andT5posteriorly.
m
PTS: 1
2. PectusexcuvatumisBESTdescribedas: n
A. Deformityofthesternumcausedbytrauma
B. Caved-inappearanceofthechest
C. Diminishedribangleanteriorly
D. Conicalshapeofthethoraciccage
ANS: B m m
Pectusexcuvatumisacommoncongenitaldeformityoftheanteriorwallofthechest,in whichseveral
n m n
ribsandthesternumgrowabnormally;itproducesacaved-inorsunkenappearanceofthechest.
m n n n n
PTS: 1
3. ThetrueribsareBESTdefinedbywhichofthefollowingstatements?
A. Vertebrochondralribs
B. Vertebrosternalribs
C. Ribs11and12 n
D. Ribs8,9,and10 n
ANS: B m m
Thefirstsevenribsattachviatheircostalcartilagestothesternumandarecalledthetrueribs (also m
knownasthevertebrosternalribs).
m n
PTS: 1
Copyright©2011,2001,1994bySaunders,animprintofElsevierInc.
n n n
, TestBank n 1-2
4. Whichofthefollowinginterventionsis MOSTappropriateforapatientwithlowerribfractures?
m
A. Short,shallowbreaths
B. Pursedlipbreathing
C. Deepbreathswithsplinting
D. Breathingwitharmsraised
ANS: C m m
Itisimportantforalltherapiststorecommendbreathing(deepbreathing),splinting(i.e.,pillow),and
coughingstrategiesforpatientswithribfractures.
m n
PTS: 1
5. Whichofthefollowingpositionsfacilitatesgreaterexcursionofbothhemidiaphragms at rest? m m
A. Supineposition
B. Sidelyingposition
C. Standingposition
D. Sittingposition
ANS: A m m
Inthesupineposition,withouttheeffectsofgravity,thelevelofthediaphragminthethoraciccavity
n n
rises.Thisallowsforarelativelygreaterexcursion.
m n
PTS: 1
6. Whichofthefollowingmuscleshelptoachievetheactiveprocessofinspirationatrest?
A. Sternocleidomastoid
B. Diaphragm
C. Abdominalmuscles
D. Trapezius
ANS: B m m
Thediaphragmandinternalintercostals(intercartilaginousportion)aretheessentialmusclesto
achievetheactiveprocessofinspirationatrest.Abdominalmusclesassistwithexpiration.The
m n n
sternocleidomastoidandtrapeziusareaccessorymusclesandassistwithamoreforcefulinspiration.
m n n n n n n n n
PTS: 1
7. Whichofthefollowingaccessorymusclesofventilationfunctiontoelevateandfixthefirstand
secondribs?
m n
A. Sternocleidomastoid muscle v
B. Serratusanterior
C. Latissimusdorsi
D. Scalenemuscle
ANS: D
m m
Copyright©2011,2001,1994bySaunders,animprintofElsevierInc.
n n n
, TestBank n 1-3
Thescalenemusclesliedeeptothesternocleidomastoid,butmaybepalpatedintheposteriortriangle n n
oftheneck.Thesemusclesfunctionasaunittoelevateandfixthefirstandsecondribs.The
m m m m m
sternocleidomastoidmuscleelevatesthesternum.
m n
PTS: 1
8. Whenthearmsandshouldersarefixed,byleaningontheelbowsorgraspingontoatable,this n
muscle canuseitsinsertionasitsoriginandfacilitateanincreaseintheA-Pdiameterofthethorax.
m m n n n
A. Uppertrapezius
B. Pectoralismajor
C. Sternocleidomastoid
D. Serratusanterior
ANS: B m m
Whentheinsertionandoriginofthepectoralismusclearereversedbyleaningonatabletofixthearms,the
n n n
musclewillpullontheanteriorchestwall,liftingtheribsandsternumtoincreasethe A-Pdiameterofthe
m m
thoraciccage.
m
PTS: 1
9. Theserous fluid withinthepleuralspaceservestoprovidewhichofthefollowingfunctions?
m m
A. Createaconstantnegativepressure
B. Assistwithvenousreturn ofbloodtotheheart
v
C. Reducefrictionbetweenthelungsandthoracicwall
D. Servetoallowseparationofthepleurallayers
ANS: C m m
The serous fluid withinthe pleural space serves to hold the pleural layers together during ventilation
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
andreducefrictionbetweenthelungsandthethoracicwall.Thespacecreatesthe negative pressure to
m m m m
maintainlunginflation,notthefluiditself.
m n n
PTS: 1
10. Irritationofthephrenicsuppliedpleuraresultsinwhichofthefollowingpainreferralpatterns?
A. Thoracicwall
B. Abdominalwall
C. Mediasternalregion
D. Lowerneckandshoulder
ANS: D m m
Irritationofthephrenicsuppliedpleuracanresultinreferredpaininthelowerneckandshoulder,whereas,
n n n n n
irritationoftheintercostallyinnervatedpleuramayresultinreferralofpaintothethoracicorabdominal
m n
wall.
m
PTS: 1
11. AnabnormalpleuralfrictionrubonauscultationBESTindicateswhichofthefollowing?
n m n
A. Infectionwitharesultantinflammatoryresponsewithinthepleura
Copyright©2011,2001,1994bySaunders,animprintofElsevierInc.
n n n
Chapter1:AnatomyoftheCardiovascularandPulmonarySystemsTest
m Bank
MULTIPLECHOICE
1. Whichofthefollowingchestwallstructuresislocatedlevelwiththesecondcostalcartilage n
anteriorlyandthoracicvertebraT4andT5posteriorly?
m n n
A. Sternalangle
B. Jugularnotch
C. Xiphoidprocess
D. Thirdcostalcartilage
ANS: A m m
Thesternalangleofthe“angleofLouis”islevelwiththesecondcostalcartilageanteriorly andthoracic
m m m m n
vertebraeT4andT5posteriorly.
m
PTS: 1
2. PectusexcuvatumisBESTdescribedas: n
A. Deformityofthesternumcausedbytrauma
B. Caved-inappearanceofthechest
C. Diminishedribangleanteriorly
D. Conicalshapeofthethoraciccage
ANS: B m m
Pectusexcuvatumisacommoncongenitaldeformityoftheanteriorwallofthechest,in whichseveral
n m n
ribsandthesternumgrowabnormally;itproducesacaved-inorsunkenappearanceofthechest.
m n n n n
PTS: 1
3. ThetrueribsareBESTdefinedbywhichofthefollowingstatements?
A. Vertebrochondralribs
B. Vertebrosternalribs
C. Ribs11and12 n
D. Ribs8,9,and10 n
ANS: B m m
Thefirstsevenribsattachviatheircostalcartilagestothesternumandarecalledthetrueribs (also m
knownasthevertebrosternalribs).
m n
PTS: 1
Copyright©2011,2001,1994bySaunders,animprintofElsevierInc.
n n n
, TestBank n 1-2
4. Whichofthefollowinginterventionsis MOSTappropriateforapatientwithlowerribfractures?
m
A. Short,shallowbreaths
B. Pursedlipbreathing
C. Deepbreathswithsplinting
D. Breathingwitharmsraised
ANS: C m m
Itisimportantforalltherapiststorecommendbreathing(deepbreathing),splinting(i.e.,pillow),and
coughingstrategiesforpatientswithribfractures.
m n
PTS: 1
5. Whichofthefollowingpositionsfacilitatesgreaterexcursionofbothhemidiaphragms at rest? m m
A. Supineposition
B. Sidelyingposition
C. Standingposition
D. Sittingposition
ANS: A m m
Inthesupineposition,withouttheeffectsofgravity,thelevelofthediaphragminthethoraciccavity
n n
rises.Thisallowsforarelativelygreaterexcursion.
m n
PTS: 1
6. Whichofthefollowingmuscleshelptoachievetheactiveprocessofinspirationatrest?
A. Sternocleidomastoid
B. Diaphragm
C. Abdominalmuscles
D. Trapezius
ANS: B m m
Thediaphragmandinternalintercostals(intercartilaginousportion)aretheessentialmusclesto
achievetheactiveprocessofinspirationatrest.Abdominalmusclesassistwithexpiration.The
m n n
sternocleidomastoidandtrapeziusareaccessorymusclesandassistwithamoreforcefulinspiration.
m n n n n n n n n
PTS: 1
7. Whichofthefollowingaccessorymusclesofventilationfunctiontoelevateandfixthefirstand
secondribs?
m n
A. Sternocleidomastoid muscle v
B. Serratusanterior
C. Latissimusdorsi
D. Scalenemuscle
ANS: D
m m
Copyright©2011,2001,1994bySaunders,animprintofElsevierInc.
n n n
, TestBank n 1-3
Thescalenemusclesliedeeptothesternocleidomastoid,butmaybepalpatedintheposteriortriangle n n
oftheneck.Thesemusclesfunctionasaunittoelevateandfixthefirstandsecondribs.The
m m m m m
sternocleidomastoidmuscleelevatesthesternum.
m n
PTS: 1
8. Whenthearmsandshouldersarefixed,byleaningontheelbowsorgraspingontoatable,this n
muscle canuseitsinsertionasitsoriginandfacilitateanincreaseintheA-Pdiameterofthethorax.
m m n n n
A. Uppertrapezius
B. Pectoralismajor
C. Sternocleidomastoid
D. Serratusanterior
ANS: B m m
Whentheinsertionandoriginofthepectoralismusclearereversedbyleaningonatabletofixthearms,the
n n n
musclewillpullontheanteriorchestwall,liftingtheribsandsternumtoincreasethe A-Pdiameterofthe
m m
thoraciccage.
m
PTS: 1
9. Theserous fluid withinthepleuralspaceservestoprovidewhichofthefollowingfunctions?
m m
A. Createaconstantnegativepressure
B. Assistwithvenousreturn ofbloodtotheheart
v
C. Reducefrictionbetweenthelungsandthoracicwall
D. Servetoallowseparationofthepleurallayers
ANS: C m m
The serous fluid withinthe pleural space serves to hold the pleural layers together during ventilation
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
andreducefrictionbetweenthelungsandthethoracicwall.Thespacecreatesthe negative pressure to
m m m m
maintainlunginflation,notthefluiditself.
m n n
PTS: 1
10. Irritationofthephrenicsuppliedpleuraresultsinwhichofthefollowingpainreferralpatterns?
A. Thoracicwall
B. Abdominalwall
C. Mediasternalregion
D. Lowerneckandshoulder
ANS: D m m
Irritationofthephrenicsuppliedpleuracanresultinreferredpaininthelowerneckandshoulder,whereas,
n n n n n
irritationoftheintercostallyinnervatedpleuramayresultinreferralofpaintothethoracicorabdominal
m n
wall.
m
PTS: 1
11. AnabnormalpleuralfrictionrubonauscultationBESTindicateswhichofthefollowing?
n m n
A. Infectionwitharesultantinflammatoryresponsewithinthepleura
Copyright©2011,2001,1994bySaunders,animprintofElsevierInc.
n n n
