, Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness
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Multiple Choice
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Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. Which statement regarding the sodium–potassium pump is correct?
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1. The cell’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions.
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2. The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment.
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3. The concentration of potassium ions should be higher outside the cell co
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mpartment.
4. The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in two pota
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ssium ions. f
2. In the absence of oxygen, which cellular function creates the same amount of energy as is created in the pr
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
esence of oxygen? f f
1. Dissipation of pyruvic acid f f f
2. Initiation of the citric acid cycle f f f f f
3. Activation of acetyl-coenzyme A f f f
4. Creation of acidosis via lactic acid f f f f f
3. How many adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism?
f f f f f f f f f f
1. 2 f f
2. 3 f f
3. 34 f f
4. 53 f f
4. Which cell organelles differ in their number according to the cell’s energy needs?
f f f f f f f f f f f f
1. Ribosomes
2. Mitochondria
3. Ribonucleic acids f
4. Deoxyribonucleic acids f
5. Which option best supports the reason more energy is produced when a person is exercising?
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
1. Exercise causes an increase in the synthesis of protein. f f f f f f f f
2. There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells.
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3. The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise.
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4. Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands. f f f f f f f f
6. When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?
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1. During endoplasmic reticulum stress f f f
2. During the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) f f f f f f
3. During a severe hypoxic state f f f f
4. During the processing of prohormone f f f f
7. Which cellular organelles are responsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debris out of the lungs?
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
1. Cilia
2. Microfilaments
3. Secretory vesicles f
, 4. Endoplasmic reticula f
f 8. Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells?
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
1. Actin and myosin f f
2. Prohormone and tubulin f f
3. Tubulin and actin f f
4. Myosin and prohormone f f
f 9. Which deficiency causes Tay–Sachs disease?
f f f f f
1. Proteasome
2. Peroxisome
3. Macrophage
4. Lysosomal enzymes f
10. Which is a characteristic of adrenoleukodystrophy?
f f f f f f
1. Accumulation of ganglioside f f
2. Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis f f f f
3. Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity f f f f
4. Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system f f f f f f f f
11. Which statement regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is correct?
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1. During ER stress, proteins are rapidly degraded. f f f f f f
2. During ER stress, lipids cannot travel to their proper intracellular locations.
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3. During ER stress, long-chain fatty acids accumulate in the nervous system.
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4. During ER stress, n o n d eNgU
r aRd eSdI sT
taB
nc.eC
s Oa c cumulatein thecesll.
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f
f f
f f f
12. A client is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. At a cellular level, which function is likely to be involv
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
ed?
1. Inability of ribosomes to produce a specific type of protein f f f f f f f f f
2. Incorrect processing of a protein by the Golgi apparatus f f f f f f f f
3. Stagnation of a previously dynamic action in microtubules f f f f f f f
4. Obstruction of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum f f f f f
13. A newborn patient exhibits characteristics of severe physical deformities. Which cellular component is e
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xamined to determine the cause and probability of the disease being genetically transferred?
f f f f f f f f f f f f
1. Transfer RNA f
2. Ribosomal RNA f
3. Double helix of DNA f f f
4. Mitochondrial DNA f
14. A hiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis while ascending a mountain during a long, steep clim
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b. Which is the reason for these manifestations?
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1. Cellular hypoxia f
2. Autolysis
3. Heterolysis
4. Cellular edema f
15. Which factor provides DNA the unique molecular ability to replicate?
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1. The pairing of nitrogenous bases
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, 2. The presence of pyrimidine bases
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3. The presence of nucleotides f f f
4. The nitrogenous base and phosphate bond
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16. How many nitrogenous bases compose a single codon?
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1. 2 f f
2. 3 f f
3. 4 f f
4. 5 f f
17. Which components form the structure of DNA?
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1. Nucleotides
2. Amino acids f
3. Fatty acids f
4. Phosphates
18. Which factor is essential in order for protein synthesis to occur?
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1. Free-standing ribosomes within the cell f f f f
2. Protein blueprint from the cell of the DNA f f f f f f f
3. Specific information from the nucleus of the cell f f f f f f f
4. Transfer RNA to move the protein out of the cell f f f f f f f f f
19. Tetracycline antibiotic is prescribed for an adult client with chlamydia infection. Which is the mec
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hanism of action of the drug?
f f f f f
1. It prevents the replicatio
f f f
2. It alters the configuration of bacterial cytoplasm.
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3. It interferes with the function of bacterial ribosomes.
f f f f f f f
4. It inhibits the functions of bacterial mitochondria.
f f f f f f
20. Where does the conversion of a prohormone into a hormone take place?
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1. In the ribosomes f f
2. In the Golgi apparatus f f f
3. In the secretory granules f f f
4. In the endoplasmic reticulumf f f
21. Which is the cell’s “master mind”?
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1. Nucleus
2. Ribosome
3. Golgi apparatus f
4. Endoplasmic reticulum f
Multiple Response
f
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
22. Which statements regarding the microtubules are true? Select all that apply.
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1. Microtubules are solid. f f
2. Microtubules are flexible. f f
3. Microtubules are composed of tubulin. f f f f
f f f f f f f
Multiple Choice
f
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
f f f f f f f f f f f
1. Which statement regarding the sodium–potassium pump is correct?
f f f f f f f
1. The cell’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions.
f f f f f f f f f f f f
2. The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment.
f f f f f f f f f f f
3. The concentration of potassium ions should be higher outside the cell co
f f f f f f f f f f f
mpartment.
4. The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in two pota
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
ssium ions. f
2. In the absence of oxygen, which cellular function creates the same amount of energy as is created in the pr
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
esence of oxygen? f f
1. Dissipation of pyruvic acid f f f
2. Initiation of the citric acid cycle f f f f f
3. Activation of acetyl-coenzyme A f f f
4. Creation of acidosis via lactic acid f f f f f
3. How many adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism?
f f f f f f f f f f
1. 2 f f
2. 3 f f
3. 34 f f
4. 53 f f
4. Which cell organelles differ in their number according to the cell’s energy needs?
f f f f f f f f f f f f
1. Ribosomes
2. Mitochondria
3. Ribonucleic acids f
4. Deoxyribonucleic acids f
5. Which option best supports the reason more energy is produced when a person is exercising?
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
1. Exercise causes an increase in the synthesis of protein. f f f f f f f f
2. There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells.
f f f f f f f f f f f f
3. The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise.
f f f f f f f f f f f
4. Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands. f f f f f f f f
6. When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?
f f f f f
1. During endoplasmic reticulum stress f f f
2. During the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) f f f f f f
3. During a severe hypoxic state f f f f
4. During the processing of prohormone f f f f
7. Which cellular organelles are responsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debris out of the lungs?
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
1. Cilia
2. Microfilaments
3. Secretory vesicles f
, 4. Endoplasmic reticula f
f 8. Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells?
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
1. Actin and myosin f f
2. Prohormone and tubulin f f
3. Tubulin and actin f f
4. Myosin and prohormone f f
f 9. Which deficiency causes Tay–Sachs disease?
f f f f f
1. Proteasome
2. Peroxisome
3. Macrophage
4. Lysosomal enzymes f
10. Which is a characteristic of adrenoleukodystrophy?
f f f f f f
1. Accumulation of ganglioside f f
2. Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis f f f f
3. Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity f f f f
4. Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system f f f f f f f f
11. Which statement regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is correct?
f f f f f f f f f
1. During ER stress, proteins are rapidly degraded. f f f f f f
2. During ER stress, lipids cannot travel to their proper intracellular locations.
f f f f f f f f f f
3. During ER stress, long-chain fatty acids accumulate in the nervous system.
f f f f f f f f f f
4. During ER stress, n o n d eNgU
r aRd eSdI sT
taB
nc.eC
s Oa c cumulatein thecesll.
f f f
f
f f
f f f
12. A client is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. At a cellular level, which function is likely to be involv
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
ed?
1. Inability of ribosomes to produce a specific type of protein f f f f f f f f f
2. Incorrect processing of a protein by the Golgi apparatus f f f f f f f f
3. Stagnation of a previously dynamic action in microtubules f f f f f f f
4. Obstruction of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum f f f f f
13. A newborn patient exhibits characteristics of severe physical deformities. Which cellular component is e
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
xamined to determine the cause and probability of the disease being genetically transferred?
f f f f f f f f f f f f
1. Transfer RNA f
2. Ribosomal RNA f
3. Double helix of DNA f f f
4. Mitochondrial DNA f
14. A hiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis while ascending a mountain during a long, steep clim
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
b. Which is the reason for these manifestations?
f f f f f f f
1. Cellular hypoxia f
2. Autolysis
3. Heterolysis
4. Cellular edema f
15. Which factor provides DNA the unique molecular ability to replicate?
f f f f f f f f f f
1. The pairing of nitrogenous bases
f f f f
, 2. The presence of pyrimidine bases
f f f f
3. The presence of nucleotides f f f
4. The nitrogenous base and phosphate bond
f f f f f
16. How many nitrogenous bases compose a single codon?
f f f f f f f f
1. 2 f f
2. 3 f f
3. 4 f f
4. 5 f f
17. Which components form the structure of DNA?
f f f f f f f
1. Nucleotides
2. Amino acids f
3. Fatty acids f
4. Phosphates
18. Which factor is essential in order for protein synthesis to occur?
f f f f f f f f f f f
1. Free-standing ribosomes within the cell f f f f
2. Protein blueprint from the cell of the DNA f f f f f f f
3. Specific information from the nucleus of the cell f f f f f f f
4. Transfer RNA to move the protein out of the cell f f f f f f f f f
19. Tetracycline antibiotic is prescribed for an adult client with chlamydia infection. Which is the mec
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
hanism of action of the drug?
f f f f f
1. It prevents the replicatio
f f f
2. It alters the configuration of bacterial cytoplasm.
f f f f f f
3. It interferes with the function of bacterial ribosomes.
f f f f f f f
4. It inhibits the functions of bacterial mitochondria.
f f f f f f
20. Where does the conversion of a prohormone into a hormone take place?
f f f f f f f f f f f f
1. In the ribosomes f f
2. In the Golgi apparatus f f f
3. In the secretory granules f f f
4. In the endoplasmic reticulumf f f
21. Which is the cell’s “master mind”?
f f f f f f
1. Nucleus
2. Ribosome
3. Golgi apparatus f
4. Endoplasmic reticulum f
Multiple Response
f
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
22. Which statements regarding the microtubules are true? Select all that apply.
f f f f f f f f f f f
1. Microtubules are solid. f f
2. Microtubules are flexible. f f
3. Microtubules are composed of tubulin. f f f f
