Test Bank for Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care 6th Edition Dains (Full test bank, 100% Correct Answers)

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TESTBANKFORADVANCEDHEALTHASSESSMENT&
v CLINICALDIAGNOSISINPRIMARYCARE6THEDITION
DAINSISBN:9780323594554
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ThisTestBankisDirectlyfromThePublisher
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vHasAllChaptersWith100%Correct Answers
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v INSTANTDOWNLOAD v

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TestBankforAdvancedHealthAssessment&ClinicalDiagnosisinPrimaryCare6th
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EditionDains v




Chapter1:Clinical Reasoning,DifferentialDiagnosis,Evidence-BasedPractice,andSymptomAnalysis
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MultipleChoice
Identifythechoicethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswers thequestion.
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1. Whichtypeofclinicaldecision-makingismostreliable? v v v v




A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick

2. Which ofthefollowingisfalse?Toobtainadequatehistory, health-careprovidersmustbe:
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A. Methodicalandsystematic v




B. Attentive to thepatient‘s verbal and nonverbal language N v v N N




C. Ableto accuratelyinterpretthepatient‘sresponses
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D. Adeptatreading into thepatient‘s statements
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3. Essentialparts ofa healthhistoryincludeall ofthefollowingexcept: v N v N v v v v v




A. Chiefcomplaint v




B. Historyofthepresentillness v v v




C. Currentvitalsigns v v




D. All oftheabove areessential historycomponents
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4. Which of thefollowingis false?Whileperformingthephysical examination,the examiner mustbeableto:
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A. Differentiatebetweennormaland abnormal findings v N v




B. Recallknowledge ofarangeof conditions and theirassociated signs and symptoms v v v N N v N v N




C. Recognize howcertain conditionsaffect theresponseto other conditions v v v N v




D. Foreseeunpredictable findings v v




5. Thefollowingistheleast reliablesource of information for diagnosticstatistics: v v N v v




A. Evidence-based investigations v




B. Primaryreports ofresearch v




C. Estimationbasedonaprovider‘sexperience v v v v




D. Published meta-analyses v




6. Thefollowingcanbeused to assistinsound clinical decision-making:
v v v N v v v




A. Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article N N v N v v




B. Clinical practice guidelines N v




C. Evidence-based research v




D. Alloftheabovev v




7. Ifadiagnosticstudyhashigh sensitivity, thisindicatesa:
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A. Highpercentageof personswiththegivenconditionwillhaveanabnormalresult
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B. Lowpercentageof persons with thegivencondition willhaveanabnormal result v N v v v v v v v




C. Lowlikelihood of normalresultinpersonswithoutagiven condition
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D. Noneoftheabove v




8. Ifadiagnosticstudyhas highspecificity, this indicatesa:
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A. Lowpercentage ofhealthyindividuals willshowa normal result v v v v N




B. Highpercentage ofhealthyindividualswillshowa normalresult
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C. Highpercentage ofindividualswithadisorderwillshowanormalresult
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D. Lowpercentageofindividualswithadisorderwillshowan abnormalresult
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9. A likelihood ratio above 1indicatesthata diagnostictestshowing a:
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A. Positive resultisstronglyassociated withthedisease v v v v




B. Negativeresultis stronglyassociatedwithabsence of thedisease v N v v v N v




C. Positiveresultis weaklyassociated withthedisease v v N v v v




D. Negativeresultis weaklyassociated withabsence ofthedisease v v v v




10. Whichof thefollowingclinical reasoning toolsisdefinedasevidence-based resourcebased onmathematical modelingto
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express the likelihood of a condition in select situations, settings, and/or patients?
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A. Clinical practiceguideline N v




B. Clinical decisionrule N v




C. Clinical algorithm v




Chapter1:Clinicalreasoning,differentialdiagnosis,evidence-basedpractice,andsymptomanav v v v




AnswerSection
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MULTIPLECHOICEv




1. ANS: B
Croskerry(2009)describestwo majortypesofclinicaldiagnosticdecision-making:intuitiveandanalytical.Intuitivedecision-
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making (similartoAugenblinkdecision-making)isbasedontheexperienceandintuitionoftheclinicianand islessreliableand paired
v N v v v v v v v v v v v v v v N v v v v




with fairly common errors. In contrast, analytical decision-making is based on careful consideration and has greater reliability with
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rare errors.
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PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive tothe patient‘s verbal and nonverbal language, and able to
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accurately interpret the patient‘s responses to questions. Rather than reading into the patient‘s statements, they clarify any areas of
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uncertainty.
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PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vitalsigns arepart ofthephysical examination portionofpatientassessment,not part of thehealth history.
N v v v v v v v v N v




PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate between normal and abnormal findings, recall
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v




knowledgeofarangeofconditions,includingtheirassociatedsignsandsymptoms,recognizehowcertainconditionsaffect the response to
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other conditions, and distinguish the relevance of varied abnormal findings.
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PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sourcesfordiagnosticstatisticsincludetextbooks,primaryreportsofresearch,andpublishedmeta-analyses.Anothersourceof
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statistics,theonethathasbeen mostwidelyused and available forapplication tothereasoningprocess,istheestimationbasedon a
v v v v v v v N N v v v v v v v v v v v




provider‘s experience, although these are rarely accurate. Over the past decade, the availability of evidence on which to base clinical
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reasoning is improving, andthereis an increasing expectation that clinical reasoning be based on scientific evidence. Evidence-
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based statistics are alsoincreasinglybeingusedtodevelop resourcestofacilitate clinical decision-making.
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PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
Toassistinclinicaldecision-making,anumberofevidence-basedresourceshavebeen developedtoassisttheclinician.Resources, such as
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algorithms and clinical practice guidelines, assist in clinical reasoning when properlyapplied.
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PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
The sensitivityof a diagnostic studyis the percentage ofindividuals with the target condition who show an abnormal, or positive, result.
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Ahigh sensitivityindicates that a greater percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result.
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PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
The specificityof a diagnostic studyis the percentage of normal, healthyindividuals who have a normal result. The greater the
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specificity,thegreater thepercentageofindividualswho willhavenegative,ornormal, resultsiftheydonothavethetarget condition.
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PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
Thelikelihood ratio istheprobabilitythat apositivetest result willbe associated with aperson whohasthetarget condition and a negative
v v v v v v v v v v v v N v v v v v v v v v v




resultwillbeassociated withahealthyperson.Alikelihoodratioabove1indicatesthatapositiveresultisassociated with the disease; a
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likelihood ratioless than 1 indicates that a negative result is associated with an absence of the disease.
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10. ANS: B
Clinicaldecision(orprediction)rulesprovideanothersupportforclinicalreasoning.Clinicaldecision rulesareevidence-based resources
v v v v v v v v v v v v N v v v




thatprovideprobabilisticstatementsregarding thelikelihoodthataconditionexistsifcertainvariablesaremet with regard to theprognosis
v v v v v N v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v




ofpatientswith specific findings. Decision rulesuse mathematical models and arespecific to certain situations, settings, and/or patient
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vcharacteristics.

PTS: 1