SARAH MICHELLE REVIEW NEWEST UPDATE 2025-2026
EXAM WITH ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS.
Rubeola (measles) - CORRECT ANSWER-3 C's- cough, conjunctivitis and congestion.
White spots in mouth
Mumps - CORRECT ANSWER-Fever, bilateral swelling infront of ears
Rubella (German Measles) - CORRECT ANSWER-Rash starts on face and then
spreads. Fever, cervical lymph and pink rash
Diagnosing COPD - CORRECT ANSWER-Spirometry measures lung function.
FEV1/FVC less than 0.70 or less than 70%.
What must be present to diagnose COPD exacerbation - CORRECT ANSWER-
Increase difficulty breathing, sputum amount and purulence.
Asthma treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-First line: ICS and LABA
Second line: low dose ICS and LABA PRN
third: low dose ICS-formoterol daily
Fourth- medium dose ICS and formoterol daily.
systemic lupus erythematosus - CORRECT ANSWER-Effects females of child bearing
(15-45). Malar rash/butterfly rash. Has to have SS (fatigue, joint pain, mental
,fog) and positive ANA for diagnosis. Monitor GFR and UA. Primarily affects
kidneys.
Normal thyroid level - CORRECT ANSWER-0.5-5. Screen with TSH. DO FULL
THYROID PANEL IF TSH ABNORMAL
Hypothyroidism - CORRECT ANSWER-T3/T4 is low TSH high. Dry course hair, thick
tounge, cold intolerance, dry skin.
Synthroid - CORRECT ANSWER-Recheck TSH 4-8 weeks. Take on empty stomach
with nothing else. Significant cardiac history start slower. Check TSH 6-12
months. 25-50 mcg normal dose. 12.5-25 good start.
Myxedema coma - CORRECT ANSWER-SS- low temp, hallucinations, edema,
confusion, lethargy, coma, difficult breathing. Can happen due to untreated
hypothyroidism. Tx. Lithium or amiodorone.
Hyperthyroidism - CORRECT ANSWER-Increase appetite, cardiac abnormalities,
amborrhea expothalmus. Treatment: PTU tapazole.
For Graves' disease- radioactive iodine
Testing for hyperthyroidism - CORRECT ANSWER-Thyroid is and radioactive iodine
reuptake test and scan
Hyperthyroidism untreated can lead to - CORRECT ANSWER-Heart disease,
osteoporosis, infertility.
, Thyroid storm SS - CORRECT ANSWER-Dangerously high temp, high heart rate, high
bp, agitated and delirium.
Diabetes differences - CORRECT ANSWER-T1: autoimmune destruction of
pancreatic beta cells. Insulin dependent
T2: our need is to stop beta cell destruction.
Built up ketones leads to DKA.
Diabetes continued - CORRECT ANSWER-Screen at age 35 and every 3 years or
sooner if overweight. Ss- Polaris. Polydipsia, polyphagia, acanthosis nigrans,
peripheral neuropathy and blurry vision. A1C 9-10= insulin
Metformin - CORRECT ANSWER-Watch for alcohol abuse. Watch for vitamin b 12
deficiency if long term. Contraindicated in GFR less than 30. DC before contrast
dye used. Can also be used for PCOS
Prego hyperthyroidism treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-PTU if first trimester. Beta
blocker for symptoms.
Kidney function - CORRECT ANSWER-Most important labs- GFR we want over 90
dialysis below 15, BUN 10-20 and CR around 1 (over two is BAD)
What UA findings are true indicator or kidney damage - CORRECT ANSWER-WBC
OR RBC casts. Screw for microalbumin when HTN or diabetes. Less than 30
Low Mcv microcytic - CORRECT ANSWER-Iron deficiency anemia
High mcv macrocytic - CORRECT ANSWER-B12 and folate.
EXAM WITH ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS.
Rubeola (measles) - CORRECT ANSWER-3 C's- cough, conjunctivitis and congestion.
White spots in mouth
Mumps - CORRECT ANSWER-Fever, bilateral swelling infront of ears
Rubella (German Measles) - CORRECT ANSWER-Rash starts on face and then
spreads. Fever, cervical lymph and pink rash
Diagnosing COPD - CORRECT ANSWER-Spirometry measures lung function.
FEV1/FVC less than 0.70 or less than 70%.
What must be present to diagnose COPD exacerbation - CORRECT ANSWER-
Increase difficulty breathing, sputum amount and purulence.
Asthma treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-First line: ICS and LABA
Second line: low dose ICS and LABA PRN
third: low dose ICS-formoterol daily
Fourth- medium dose ICS and formoterol daily.
systemic lupus erythematosus - CORRECT ANSWER-Effects females of child bearing
(15-45). Malar rash/butterfly rash. Has to have SS (fatigue, joint pain, mental
,fog) and positive ANA for diagnosis. Monitor GFR and UA. Primarily affects
kidneys.
Normal thyroid level - CORRECT ANSWER-0.5-5. Screen with TSH. DO FULL
THYROID PANEL IF TSH ABNORMAL
Hypothyroidism - CORRECT ANSWER-T3/T4 is low TSH high. Dry course hair, thick
tounge, cold intolerance, dry skin.
Synthroid - CORRECT ANSWER-Recheck TSH 4-8 weeks. Take on empty stomach
with nothing else. Significant cardiac history start slower. Check TSH 6-12
months. 25-50 mcg normal dose. 12.5-25 good start.
Myxedema coma - CORRECT ANSWER-SS- low temp, hallucinations, edema,
confusion, lethargy, coma, difficult breathing. Can happen due to untreated
hypothyroidism. Tx. Lithium or amiodorone.
Hyperthyroidism - CORRECT ANSWER-Increase appetite, cardiac abnormalities,
amborrhea expothalmus. Treatment: PTU tapazole.
For Graves' disease- radioactive iodine
Testing for hyperthyroidism - CORRECT ANSWER-Thyroid is and radioactive iodine
reuptake test and scan
Hyperthyroidism untreated can lead to - CORRECT ANSWER-Heart disease,
osteoporosis, infertility.
, Thyroid storm SS - CORRECT ANSWER-Dangerously high temp, high heart rate, high
bp, agitated and delirium.
Diabetes differences - CORRECT ANSWER-T1: autoimmune destruction of
pancreatic beta cells. Insulin dependent
T2: our need is to stop beta cell destruction.
Built up ketones leads to DKA.
Diabetes continued - CORRECT ANSWER-Screen at age 35 and every 3 years or
sooner if overweight. Ss- Polaris. Polydipsia, polyphagia, acanthosis nigrans,
peripheral neuropathy and blurry vision. A1C 9-10= insulin
Metformin - CORRECT ANSWER-Watch for alcohol abuse. Watch for vitamin b 12
deficiency if long term. Contraindicated in GFR less than 30. DC before contrast
dye used. Can also be used for PCOS
Prego hyperthyroidism treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-PTU if first trimester. Beta
blocker for symptoms.
Kidney function - CORRECT ANSWER-Most important labs- GFR we want over 90
dialysis below 15, BUN 10-20 and CR around 1 (over two is BAD)
What UA findings are true indicator or kidney damage - CORRECT ANSWER-WBC
OR RBC casts. Screw for microalbumin when HTN or diabetes. Less than 30
Low Mcv microcytic - CORRECT ANSWER-Iron deficiency anemia
High mcv macrocytic - CORRECT ANSWER-B12 and folate.
