1|Page
Pharmacology HESI Exam Prep
2025/2026 – Nursing Questions,
Answers, And Test Bank
A client with heart failure is prescribed spironolactone (Aldactone). Which
information is most important for the nurse to provide to the client about diet
modifications? -correct-answer-Do not add salt to foods during preparation.
Refrain for eating foods high in potassium. Correct
Restrict fluid intake to 1000 ml per day.
Increase intake of milk and milk products.
Spironolactone (Aldactone), an aldosterone antagonist, is a potassium-sparing
diuretic, so a diet high in potassium should be avoided, along with table salt
substitutes, which generally contain potassium chloride that can lead to
hyperkalemia.
A client receiving doxorubicin (Adriamycin) intravenously (IV) complains of pain at
the insertion site, and the nurse notes edema at the site. Which intervention is
most important for the nurse to implement? -correct-answer-Assess for
erythema.
,2|Page
Administer the antidote.
Apply warm compresses.
Discontinue the IV fluids. Correct
Doxorubicin is an antineoplastic agent that causes inflammation, blistering, and
necrosis of tissue upon extravasation. First, all IV fluids should be discontinued at
the site to prevent further tissue damage by the vesicant.
A client with acute myocardial infarction is admitted to the coronary care unit.
Which medication should the nurse administer to lessen the workload of the
heart by decreasing the cardiac preload and afterload? -correct-answer-
Nitroglycerin. Correct
Propranolol (Inderal).
Morphine.
Captopril (Capoten).
Nitroglycerin is a nitrate that causes peripheral vasodilation and decreases
contractility, thereby decreasing both preload and afterload.
,3|Page
Which instruction) should the nurse give to a female client who just received a
prescription for oral metronidazole (Flagyl) for treatment of trichomonas
vaginalis? (Select all that apply.) -correct-answer-Increase fluid intake, especially
cranberry juice. Correct
Do not abruptly discontinue the medication; taper use.
Check blood pressure daily to detect hypertension.
Avoid drinking alcohol while taking this medication. Correct
Use condoms until treatment is completed. Correct
Ensure that all sexual partners are treated at the same time. Correct
Increased fluid intake and cranberry juice are recommended for prevention and
treatment of urinary tract infections, which frequently accompany vaginal
infections. It is not necessary to taper use of this drug or to check the blood
pressure daily, as this condition is not related to hypertension. Flagyl can cause a
disulfiram-like reaction if taken in conjunction with ingestion of alcohol, so the
client should be instructed to avoid alcohol. All sexual partners should be treated
at the same time and condoms should be used until after treatment is completed
to avoid reinfection.
, 4|Page
A client with hyperlipidemia receives a prescription for niacin (Niaspan). Which
client teaching is most important for the nurse to provide? -correct-answer-
Expected duration of flushing. Correct
Symptoms of hyperglycemia.
Diets that minimize GI irritation.
Comfort measures for pruritus.
Flushing of the face and neck, lasting up to an hour, is a frequent reason for
discontinuing niacin. Inclusion of this effect in client teaching may promote
compliance in taking the medication. While nutrition tips and managing pruritus
are worthwhile instructions to help clients minimize or cope with normal side
effects associated with niacin (Niaspan), flushing is intense and causes the most
concern for the client.
The nurse is planning discharge instructions for a client prescribed cyclosporine
following a liver transplant. Which adverse reactions should the nurse instruct the
client to report to the healthcare provider? -correct-answer-Changes in urine
color.
Presence of hand tremors. Correct
Pharmacology HESI Exam Prep
2025/2026 – Nursing Questions,
Answers, And Test Bank
A client with heart failure is prescribed spironolactone (Aldactone). Which
information is most important for the nurse to provide to the client about diet
modifications? -correct-answer-Do not add salt to foods during preparation.
Refrain for eating foods high in potassium. Correct
Restrict fluid intake to 1000 ml per day.
Increase intake of milk and milk products.
Spironolactone (Aldactone), an aldosterone antagonist, is a potassium-sparing
diuretic, so a diet high in potassium should be avoided, along with table salt
substitutes, which generally contain potassium chloride that can lead to
hyperkalemia.
A client receiving doxorubicin (Adriamycin) intravenously (IV) complains of pain at
the insertion site, and the nurse notes edema at the site. Which intervention is
most important for the nurse to implement? -correct-answer-Assess for
erythema.
,2|Page
Administer the antidote.
Apply warm compresses.
Discontinue the IV fluids. Correct
Doxorubicin is an antineoplastic agent that causes inflammation, blistering, and
necrosis of tissue upon extravasation. First, all IV fluids should be discontinued at
the site to prevent further tissue damage by the vesicant.
A client with acute myocardial infarction is admitted to the coronary care unit.
Which medication should the nurse administer to lessen the workload of the
heart by decreasing the cardiac preload and afterload? -correct-answer-
Nitroglycerin. Correct
Propranolol (Inderal).
Morphine.
Captopril (Capoten).
Nitroglycerin is a nitrate that causes peripheral vasodilation and decreases
contractility, thereby decreasing both preload and afterload.
,3|Page
Which instruction) should the nurse give to a female client who just received a
prescription for oral metronidazole (Flagyl) for treatment of trichomonas
vaginalis? (Select all that apply.) -correct-answer-Increase fluid intake, especially
cranberry juice. Correct
Do not abruptly discontinue the medication; taper use.
Check blood pressure daily to detect hypertension.
Avoid drinking alcohol while taking this medication. Correct
Use condoms until treatment is completed. Correct
Ensure that all sexual partners are treated at the same time. Correct
Increased fluid intake and cranberry juice are recommended for prevention and
treatment of urinary tract infections, which frequently accompany vaginal
infections. It is not necessary to taper use of this drug or to check the blood
pressure daily, as this condition is not related to hypertension. Flagyl can cause a
disulfiram-like reaction if taken in conjunction with ingestion of alcohol, so the
client should be instructed to avoid alcohol. All sexual partners should be treated
at the same time and condoms should be used until after treatment is completed
to avoid reinfection.
, 4|Page
A client with hyperlipidemia receives a prescription for niacin (Niaspan). Which
client teaching is most important for the nurse to provide? -correct-answer-
Expected duration of flushing. Correct
Symptoms of hyperglycemia.
Diets that minimize GI irritation.
Comfort measures for pruritus.
Flushing of the face and neck, lasting up to an hour, is a frequent reason for
discontinuing niacin. Inclusion of this effect in client teaching may promote
compliance in taking the medication. While nutrition tips and managing pruritus
are worthwhile instructions to help clients minimize or cope with normal side
effects associated with niacin (Niaspan), flushing is intense and causes the most
concern for the client.
The nurse is planning discharge instructions for a client prescribed cyclosporine
following a liver transplant. Which adverse reactions should the nurse instruct the
client to report to the healthcare provider? -correct-answer-Changes in urine
color.
Presence of hand tremors. Correct
