NR283 / NR 283 VCAS Final Exam /
Pathophysiology (Latest 2025/2026 Update)
Questions and Verified
Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A -
Chamberlain
Terms in this set (189)
Quiz_________________?
Spinal cord disorders; AUTONOMIC DYSREFLEXIA... -
Answer☑️
(Spinal Cord Injury At T-6 Or Higher)
Triggered by sustained stimuli at T-6 or below from:
Restrictive Clothing
Full Bladder or UTI
Pressure Areas
Fecal Impaction
LEVEL OF INJURY ABOVE WAIST
Vasodilation Above
higher BP-Severe & Rapid
Flushed Face
• Headache
Distended Neck Veins lower Heart Rate
higher Sweating
1
, -Level of Injury-t
Vasoconstriction Below
Pale
Cool
No Sweating
Quiz_________________?
Signs of spinal injury after an accident may include: -
Answer☑️
Pressure in the head. neck, or back
Intense back pain
Paralysis, lack of coordination, or weakness in any part of the body
Loss of sensation or numbness or tingling in the hands, feet, fingers, or toes
Twisted or oddly positioned neck or back
Impaired breathing
Loss of control of bladder or bowels
Trouble walking and balancing
Quiz_________________?
Emphysema (COPD) -
Answer☑️
pathologic diagnosis: permanent enlargement and destruction of airspaces distal to the terminal
bronchiole
older and thin
severe dyspnea
quiet chest
x-ray: hyperinflation with flattened diaphragms
2
, Quiz_________________?
ANEMIA COMMON CAUSES -
Answer☑️
• Iron Deficiency
• Vitamin Deficiency
• Chronic Diseases
• Bone Marrow Diseases
• Hemolytic Anemia
• Sickle Cell Anemia
Quiz_________________?
kidney stones (renal calculi) -
Answer☑️
background
- occurs when there's on excess of crystal-forming substances that can't be dissolved in urine
contributing factors:
- disturbances in urinary h
-low urine volume
-low fluid intake
-dietary factors
types of stones
calcium oxalate
calcium phosphate
struvite
uric acid
cystine
diagnosis
x-ray
3
, non-contrast ct
→ ultrasound/mri
in renal pelvis
- asymptomatic
-no obstruction of urine flow
in ureter
-high pressure inside ureter
-spasms of smooth muscle lining
-distension of walls
- renal colic
-nausea/vomiting
in bladder
-frequent/painful urination
-chronic bladder discomfort -hydronephrosis
- low renal function
-pyelonephritis
treatment
NSAIDs
iv fluids
medical expulsive therapy
lithotripsy
ureteral endoscopy
Quiz_________________?
Hypercalcemia manifestation -
Answer☑️
strong heart
dehydration
4
Pathophysiology (Latest 2025/2026 Update)
Questions and Verified
Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A -
Chamberlain
Terms in this set (189)
Quiz_________________?
Spinal cord disorders; AUTONOMIC DYSREFLEXIA... -
Answer☑️
(Spinal Cord Injury At T-6 Or Higher)
Triggered by sustained stimuli at T-6 or below from:
Restrictive Clothing
Full Bladder or UTI
Pressure Areas
Fecal Impaction
LEVEL OF INJURY ABOVE WAIST
Vasodilation Above
higher BP-Severe & Rapid
Flushed Face
• Headache
Distended Neck Veins lower Heart Rate
higher Sweating
1
, -Level of Injury-t
Vasoconstriction Below
Pale
Cool
No Sweating
Quiz_________________?
Signs of spinal injury after an accident may include: -
Answer☑️
Pressure in the head. neck, or back
Intense back pain
Paralysis, lack of coordination, or weakness in any part of the body
Loss of sensation or numbness or tingling in the hands, feet, fingers, or toes
Twisted or oddly positioned neck or back
Impaired breathing
Loss of control of bladder or bowels
Trouble walking and balancing
Quiz_________________?
Emphysema (COPD) -
Answer☑️
pathologic diagnosis: permanent enlargement and destruction of airspaces distal to the terminal
bronchiole
older and thin
severe dyspnea
quiet chest
x-ray: hyperinflation with flattened diaphragms
2
, Quiz_________________?
ANEMIA COMMON CAUSES -
Answer☑️
• Iron Deficiency
• Vitamin Deficiency
• Chronic Diseases
• Bone Marrow Diseases
• Hemolytic Anemia
• Sickle Cell Anemia
Quiz_________________?
kidney stones (renal calculi) -
Answer☑️
background
- occurs when there's on excess of crystal-forming substances that can't be dissolved in urine
contributing factors:
- disturbances in urinary h
-low urine volume
-low fluid intake
-dietary factors
types of stones
calcium oxalate
calcium phosphate
struvite
uric acid
cystine
diagnosis
x-ray
3
, non-contrast ct
→ ultrasound/mri
in renal pelvis
- asymptomatic
-no obstruction of urine flow
in ureter
-high pressure inside ureter
-spasms of smooth muscle lining
-distension of walls
- renal colic
-nausea/vomiting
in bladder
-frequent/painful urination
-chronic bladder discomfort -hydronephrosis
- low renal function
-pyelonephritis
treatment
NSAIDs
iv fluids
medical expulsive therapy
lithotripsy
ureteral endoscopy
Quiz_________________?
Hypercalcemia manifestation -
Answer☑️
strong heart
dehydration
4
