Nervous System Exam / Nervous System Final Exam: (NEW
2025/ 2026 UPDATE) Neuroanatomy & Physiology,
Neurological Disorders, Diagnostics & Treatments |
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | GRADE A | 100% CORRECT
(VERIFIED SOLUTIONS) – Comprehensive Study Guide
central - the nervous system that includes the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem and spinal
cord
peripheral - the nervous system that includes nerves coming off the brain and spinal cord
cerebrum - part of the brain that regulates reasoning, analysis, daydreaming, etc
cerebellum - part of the brain that regulates smooth, coordinated muscular actions and
balance
brain stem - part of brain regulating visceral functions
spinal cord - part of CNS that relays impulses to/from appendicular and axial skeleton
meninges - the protective wrapping around the CNS
CSF - fluid within the CNS
pia mater - the innermost layer of the meninges
arachnoid mater - the middle layer of the meninges
dura mater - the outermost layer of the meninges
meningitis - swelling/inflammation of the protective wrapping around the CNS
encephalitis - swelling/inflammation of cerebral tissue
hydrocephalus - disorder characterized by excessive CSF production which causes an
enlarged cranium
sulchus - a shallow groove in cerebrum and cerebellum
gyrus - a raised area of the cerebrum and cerebellum
fissure - a deep gap between CNS regions
, transverse - the fissure between the cerebrum and cerebellum
longitudinal - the fissure between the left and right hemispheres
hematoma - when vasculature breaks open and blood pools
lumbar puncture - a procedure to withdraw CSF
31 - pairs of spinal nerves
12 - pairs of cranial nerves
sympathetic - "fight or flight" autonomic nerves
parasympathetic - "rest and digest" autonomic nerves
somatic - PNS nerves that innervate skin and muscle
autonomic - PNS nerves that innervate organs
cortex - outer region of cerebrum and cerebellum composed of gray matter
myelin - wrapping around a neuron
gray - this matter matter has 75% of all the brain neurons
white - this matter relays impulses to gray matter
neuron - a nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses
corpus callosum - bridge of tissue that allows the left and right hemispheres to communicate
ventricles - 4 fluid-filled cavities within the brain
microcephaly - disorder characterized by being born with an undersized brain
EEE - autumn-related issue; mosquito is a vector for a deadly virus; inflamed cerebral tissue
concussion - a result of the brain forcefully striking the cranium
CTE - a more current concussion issue with professional athletes; leads to depression,
dementia and suicide; autopsies reveal damaged and shrunken cerebral tissue
shunt - a flexible tube used to drain excessive fluid from a body region
olfactory - cranial nerve for smell
optic - cranial nerve for vision
2025/ 2026 UPDATE) Neuroanatomy & Physiology,
Neurological Disorders, Diagnostics & Treatments |
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | GRADE A | 100% CORRECT
(VERIFIED SOLUTIONS) – Comprehensive Study Guide
central - the nervous system that includes the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem and spinal
cord
peripheral - the nervous system that includes nerves coming off the brain and spinal cord
cerebrum - part of the brain that regulates reasoning, analysis, daydreaming, etc
cerebellum - part of the brain that regulates smooth, coordinated muscular actions and
balance
brain stem - part of brain regulating visceral functions
spinal cord - part of CNS that relays impulses to/from appendicular and axial skeleton
meninges - the protective wrapping around the CNS
CSF - fluid within the CNS
pia mater - the innermost layer of the meninges
arachnoid mater - the middle layer of the meninges
dura mater - the outermost layer of the meninges
meningitis - swelling/inflammation of the protective wrapping around the CNS
encephalitis - swelling/inflammation of cerebral tissue
hydrocephalus - disorder characterized by excessive CSF production which causes an
enlarged cranium
sulchus - a shallow groove in cerebrum and cerebellum
gyrus - a raised area of the cerebrum and cerebellum
fissure - a deep gap between CNS regions
, transverse - the fissure between the cerebrum and cerebellum
longitudinal - the fissure between the left and right hemispheres
hematoma - when vasculature breaks open and blood pools
lumbar puncture - a procedure to withdraw CSF
31 - pairs of spinal nerves
12 - pairs of cranial nerves
sympathetic - "fight or flight" autonomic nerves
parasympathetic - "rest and digest" autonomic nerves
somatic - PNS nerves that innervate skin and muscle
autonomic - PNS nerves that innervate organs
cortex - outer region of cerebrum and cerebellum composed of gray matter
myelin - wrapping around a neuron
gray - this matter matter has 75% of all the brain neurons
white - this matter relays impulses to gray matter
neuron - a nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses
corpus callosum - bridge of tissue that allows the left and right hemispheres to communicate
ventricles - 4 fluid-filled cavities within the brain
microcephaly - disorder characterized by being born with an undersized brain
EEE - autumn-related issue; mosquito is a vector for a deadly virus; inflamed cerebral tissue
concussion - a result of the brain forcefully striking the cranium
CTE - a more current concussion issue with professional athletes; leads to depression,
dementia and suicide; autopsies reveal damaged and shrunken cerebral tissue
shunt - a flexible tube used to drain excessive fluid from a body region
olfactory - cranial nerve for smell
optic - cranial nerve for vision
