Med #cxC
#cx©2022
SCHOLARVAULT
,Chapter 1. The Foundations of Biochemistry
(Answers are at the End of Each Chapter)
1. In a bacterial cell, the DNA is in the:
A) cell envelope.
B) cell membrane.
C) nucleoid.
D) nucleus.
E) ribosomes.
2. A major change occurring in the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes was the
development of:
A) DNA.
B) photosynthetic capability.
C) plasma membranes.
D) ribosomes.
E) the nucleus.
3. In eukaryotes, the nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane called the:
A) cell membrane.
B) nuclear envelope.
C) nucleolus.
D) nucleoplasm.
E) nucleosome.
4. The dimensions of living cells are limited, on the lower end by the minimum number of
biomolecules necessary for function, and on the upper end by the rate of diffusion of
solutes such as oxygen. Except for highly elongated cells, they usually have lengths and
diameters in the range of:
A) 0.1 m to 10 m.
B) 0.3 m to 30 m.
C) 0.3 m to 100 m.
D) 1 m to 100 m.
E) 1 m to 300 m.
5. Which group of single-celled microorganisms has many members found growing in
extreme environments?
A) bacteria
B) archaea
C) eukaryotes
D) heterotrophs
E) None of the answers is correct.
Page #cx1
SCHOLARVAULT
, 6. The #cxbacterium #cxE. #cxcoli #cxrequires #cxsimple #cxorganic #cxmolecules #cxfor #cxgrowth #cxand
#cxenergy—it #cxis #cxtherefore #cxa:
A) chemoautotroph.
B) chemoheterotroph.
C) lithotroph.
D) photoautotroph.
E) photoheterotroph.
7. Which #cxis #cxa #cxlist #cxof #cxorganelles?
A) mitochondria, #cxchromatin, #cxendoplasmic #cxreticulum
B) peroxisomes, #cxlysosomes, #cxplasma #cxmembrane
C) proteasomes, #cxperoxisomes, #cxlysosomes
D) mitochondria, #cxendoplasmic #cxreticulum, #cxperoxisomes
E) All #cxof #cxthe #cxanswers #cxare #cxcorrect.
8. Which #cxlist #cxhas #cxthe #cxcellular #cxcomponents #cxarranged #cxin #cxorder #cxof #cxINCREASING #cx size?
A) amino #cxacid #cx< #cxprotein #cx< #cxmitochondrion #cx< #cxribosome
B) amino #cxacid #cx< #cxprotein #cx< #cxribosome #cx< #cxmitochondrion
C) amino #cxacid #cx< #cxribosome #cx< #cxprotein #cx< #cxmitochondrion
D) protein #cx< #cxamino #cxacid #cx< #cxmitochondrion #cx< #cxribosome
E) protein #cx< #cxribosome #cx< #cxmitochondrion #cx< #cxamino #cxacid
9. The #cxthree-dimensional #cxstructure #cxof #cxmacromolecules #cxis #cxformed #cxand #cxmaintained
#cxprimarily #cxthrough #cxnoncovalent #cxinteractions. #cxWhich #cxone #cxof #cxthe #cxfollowing #cxis
#cxNOT #cxconsidered #cxa #cxnoncovalent #cxinteraction?
A) carbon-carbon #cxbonds
B) hydrogen #cxbonds
C) hydrophobic #cxinteractions
D) ionic #cxinteractions
E) van #cxder #cxWaals #cxinteractions
10. Which #cxelement #cxis #cxNOT #cxamong #cxthe #cxfour #cxmost #cxabundant #cxin #cxliving #cxorganisms?
A) carbon
B) hydrogen
C) nitrogen
D) oxygen
E) phosphorus
Page #cx2
SCHOLARVAULT
, 11. The #cxfour #cxcovalent #cxbonds #cxin #cxmethane #cx(CH4) #cxare #cxarranged #cxaround #cxcarbon #cxto
#cxgive #cxwhich #cxgeometry?
A) linear
B) tetrahedral
C) trigonal #cxbipyramidal
D) trigonal #cxplanar
E) trigonal #cxpyramidal
12. What #cxfunctional #cxgroups #cxare #cxpresent #cxon #cxthis #cxmolecule?
A) ether #cxand #cx aldehyde
B) hydroxyl #cxand #cxaldehyde
C) hydroxyl #cxand #cxcarboxylic #cxacid
D) hydroxyl #cxand #cxester
E) hydroxyl #cxand #cxketone
13. The #cxmacromolecules #cxthat #cxserve #cxin #cxthe #cxstorage #cxand #cxtransmission #cxof #cxgenetic
#cxinformation #cxare:
A) carbohydrates.
B) lipids.
C) membranes.
D) nucleic #cxacids.
E) proteins.
14. Stereoisomers #cxthat #cxare #cxnonsuperimposable #cxmirror #cximages #cxof #cxeach #cxother #cxare #cxknown #cxas:
A) anomers.
B) cis-trans #cxisomers.
C) diastereoisomers.
D) enantiomers.
E) geometric #cxisomers.
15. The #cxcatalog #cxof #cxall #cxproteins #cxfunctioning #cxin #cxa #cxcell #cx is #cxthe:
A) metabolome.
B) proteasome.
C) lysosome.
D) proteome.
E) genome.
Page #cx3
SCHOLARVAULT
#cx©2022
SCHOLARVAULT
,Chapter 1. The Foundations of Biochemistry
(Answers are at the End of Each Chapter)
1. In a bacterial cell, the DNA is in the:
A) cell envelope.
B) cell membrane.
C) nucleoid.
D) nucleus.
E) ribosomes.
2. A major change occurring in the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes was the
development of:
A) DNA.
B) photosynthetic capability.
C) plasma membranes.
D) ribosomes.
E) the nucleus.
3. In eukaryotes, the nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane called the:
A) cell membrane.
B) nuclear envelope.
C) nucleolus.
D) nucleoplasm.
E) nucleosome.
4. The dimensions of living cells are limited, on the lower end by the minimum number of
biomolecules necessary for function, and on the upper end by the rate of diffusion of
solutes such as oxygen. Except for highly elongated cells, they usually have lengths and
diameters in the range of:
A) 0.1 m to 10 m.
B) 0.3 m to 30 m.
C) 0.3 m to 100 m.
D) 1 m to 100 m.
E) 1 m to 300 m.
5. Which group of single-celled microorganisms has many members found growing in
extreme environments?
A) bacteria
B) archaea
C) eukaryotes
D) heterotrophs
E) None of the answers is correct.
Page #cx1
SCHOLARVAULT
, 6. The #cxbacterium #cxE. #cxcoli #cxrequires #cxsimple #cxorganic #cxmolecules #cxfor #cxgrowth #cxand
#cxenergy—it #cxis #cxtherefore #cxa:
A) chemoautotroph.
B) chemoheterotroph.
C) lithotroph.
D) photoautotroph.
E) photoheterotroph.
7. Which #cxis #cxa #cxlist #cxof #cxorganelles?
A) mitochondria, #cxchromatin, #cxendoplasmic #cxreticulum
B) peroxisomes, #cxlysosomes, #cxplasma #cxmembrane
C) proteasomes, #cxperoxisomes, #cxlysosomes
D) mitochondria, #cxendoplasmic #cxreticulum, #cxperoxisomes
E) All #cxof #cxthe #cxanswers #cxare #cxcorrect.
8. Which #cxlist #cxhas #cxthe #cxcellular #cxcomponents #cxarranged #cxin #cxorder #cxof #cxINCREASING #cx size?
A) amino #cxacid #cx< #cxprotein #cx< #cxmitochondrion #cx< #cxribosome
B) amino #cxacid #cx< #cxprotein #cx< #cxribosome #cx< #cxmitochondrion
C) amino #cxacid #cx< #cxribosome #cx< #cxprotein #cx< #cxmitochondrion
D) protein #cx< #cxamino #cxacid #cx< #cxmitochondrion #cx< #cxribosome
E) protein #cx< #cxribosome #cx< #cxmitochondrion #cx< #cxamino #cxacid
9. The #cxthree-dimensional #cxstructure #cxof #cxmacromolecules #cxis #cxformed #cxand #cxmaintained
#cxprimarily #cxthrough #cxnoncovalent #cxinteractions. #cxWhich #cxone #cxof #cxthe #cxfollowing #cxis
#cxNOT #cxconsidered #cxa #cxnoncovalent #cxinteraction?
A) carbon-carbon #cxbonds
B) hydrogen #cxbonds
C) hydrophobic #cxinteractions
D) ionic #cxinteractions
E) van #cxder #cxWaals #cxinteractions
10. Which #cxelement #cxis #cxNOT #cxamong #cxthe #cxfour #cxmost #cxabundant #cxin #cxliving #cxorganisms?
A) carbon
B) hydrogen
C) nitrogen
D) oxygen
E) phosphorus
Page #cx2
SCHOLARVAULT
, 11. The #cxfour #cxcovalent #cxbonds #cxin #cxmethane #cx(CH4) #cxare #cxarranged #cxaround #cxcarbon #cxto
#cxgive #cxwhich #cxgeometry?
A) linear
B) tetrahedral
C) trigonal #cxbipyramidal
D) trigonal #cxplanar
E) trigonal #cxpyramidal
12. What #cxfunctional #cxgroups #cxare #cxpresent #cxon #cxthis #cxmolecule?
A) ether #cxand #cx aldehyde
B) hydroxyl #cxand #cxaldehyde
C) hydroxyl #cxand #cxcarboxylic #cxacid
D) hydroxyl #cxand #cxester
E) hydroxyl #cxand #cxketone
13. The #cxmacromolecules #cxthat #cxserve #cxin #cxthe #cxstorage #cxand #cxtransmission #cxof #cxgenetic
#cxinformation #cxare:
A) carbohydrates.
B) lipids.
C) membranes.
D) nucleic #cxacids.
E) proteins.
14. Stereoisomers #cxthat #cxare #cxnonsuperimposable #cxmirror #cximages #cxof #cxeach #cxother #cxare #cxknown #cxas:
A) anomers.
B) cis-trans #cxisomers.
C) diastereoisomers.
D) enantiomers.
E) geometric #cxisomers.
15. The #cxcatalog #cxof #cxall #cxproteins #cxfunctioning #cxin #cxa #cxcell #cx is #cxthe:
A) metabolome.
B) proteasome.
C) lysosome.
D) proteome.
E) genome.
Page #cx3
SCHOLARVAULT
