,Table of Content
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology ....................................................................................................................................... 4
Chapter 02: Genes and Genetic Diseases ................................................................................................................... 13
Chapter 03: Epigenetics and Disease ......................................................................................................................... 23
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Chapter 04: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology ...................................................................................................... 27
................................................................................................................................................................................... 39
Chapter 06: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ..................................................................................................................................... 48
Chapter 07: Adaptive Immunity................................................................................................................................. 60
Chapter 08: Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ..................................................................................................................................... 66
SINGTB COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 74
x
Chapter 09: Stress and Disease .................................................................................................................................. 76
Chapter 10: Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ..................................................................................................................................... 81
Chapter 11: Cancer Epidemiology ............................................................................................................................. 87
Chapter 12: Cancer in Children ................................................................................................................................. 91
Chapter 13: Structure and Function of theNeurologic System Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................... 94
Chapter 14: Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................... 105
Chapter 15: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function .............................. 116
Chapter 16: Disorders of theCentral and Peripheral Nervous Systems and theNeuromuscular Junction................. 126
Chapter 17: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
6th Edition................................................................................................................................................................ 138
Chapter 18: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation .................................................................................................. 147
Chapter 19: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation .................................................................................................... 156
Chapter 20: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................... 169
Chapter 21: Alterations of Hematologic Function ................................................................................................... 176
INGTB COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 177
x
Chapter 22: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 192
Chapter 23: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Huether & McCance:
Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition........................................................................................................... 200
Chapter 24: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function................................................................................................ 210
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 210
SINGTB COM ............................................................................................................................................................. 223
x
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 226
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 228
Chapter 25: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................... 229
S N T O ...................................................................................................................................................................... 232
Chapter 26: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................... 236
Chapter 27: Alterations of Pulmonary Function ...................................................................................................... 245
, Chapter 28: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
6th Edition................................................................................................................................................................ 257
Chapter 29: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 265
Chapter 30: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 273
Chapter 31: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 280
Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................... 286
Chapter 33: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
6th Edition................................................................................................................................................................ 295
Chapter 34: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System ...................................................................................... 300
Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Digestive System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
6th Edition................................................................................................................................................................ 305
Chapter 36: Alterations of Digestive Function......................................................................................................... 312
Chapter 37: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children...................................................................................... 325
Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................... 334
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 337
Chapter 39: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function .............................................................................................. 342
Chapter 40: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................... 352
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 354
Chapter 41: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................... 357
Chapter 42: Alterations of the Integument in Children ............................................................................................ 366
, Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope It is observed to have supercoiled DNA
x
with histones Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
x
a. A single circular chromosome
b. A nucleus
c. Free-floating nuclear material
d. No organelles
ANS: B
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its
nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed A single circular chromosome called a
x
prokaryote contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles x
REF: p 2x
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions Which cellular function is the nurse
x
describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
a. Metabolic absorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D
The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability
involves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and
secretion allows for the synthesizing of new substances x
REF: p 2x
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication In which region of the cell would most of
x
the genetic information be contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm
ANS: C
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic
acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within
the cell’s nucleus Mitochondria is associated with cellular respiration, while ribosomes are
x
involved with protein manufacturing Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the
x
cellx
REF: p 2x
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology ....................................................................................................................................... 4
Chapter 02: Genes and Genetic Diseases ................................................................................................................... 13
Chapter 03: Epigenetics and Disease ......................................................................................................................... 23
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Chapter 04: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology ...................................................................................................... 27
................................................................................................................................................................................... 39
Chapter 06: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ..................................................................................................................................... 48
Chapter 07: Adaptive Immunity................................................................................................................................. 60
Chapter 08: Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ..................................................................................................................................... 66
SINGTB COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 74
x
Chapter 09: Stress and Disease .................................................................................................................................. 76
Chapter 10: Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ..................................................................................................................................... 81
Chapter 11: Cancer Epidemiology ............................................................................................................................. 87
Chapter 12: Cancer in Children ................................................................................................................................. 91
Chapter 13: Structure and Function of theNeurologic System Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................... 94
Chapter 14: Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................... 105
Chapter 15: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function .............................. 116
Chapter 16: Disorders of theCentral and Peripheral Nervous Systems and theNeuromuscular Junction................. 126
Chapter 17: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
6th Edition................................................................................................................................................................ 138
Chapter 18: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation .................................................................................................. 147
Chapter 19: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation .................................................................................................... 156
Chapter 20: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................... 169
Chapter 21: Alterations of Hematologic Function ................................................................................................... 176
INGTB COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 177
x
Chapter 22: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 192
Chapter 23: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Huether & McCance:
Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition........................................................................................................... 200
Chapter 24: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function................................................................................................ 210
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 210
SINGTB COM ............................................................................................................................................................. 223
x
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 226
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 228
Chapter 25: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................... 229
S N T O ...................................................................................................................................................................... 232
Chapter 26: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................... 236
Chapter 27: Alterations of Pulmonary Function ...................................................................................................... 245
, Chapter 28: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
6th Edition................................................................................................................................................................ 257
Chapter 29: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 265
Chapter 30: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 273
Chapter 31: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................. 280
Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................... 286
Chapter 33: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
6th Edition................................................................................................................................................................ 295
Chapter 34: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System ...................................................................................... 300
Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Digestive System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
6th Edition................................................................................................................................................................ 305
Chapter 36: Alterations of Digestive Function......................................................................................................... 312
Chapter 37: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children...................................................................................... 325
Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................... 334
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 337
Chapter 39: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function .............................................................................................. 342
Chapter 40: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................... 352
U SN T O .................................................................................................................................................................. 354
Chapter 41: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument Huether & McCance: Understanding
Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................... 357
Chapter 42: Alterations of the Integument in Children ............................................................................................ 366
, Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope It is observed to have supercoiled DNA
x
with histones Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
x
a. A single circular chromosome
b. A nucleus
c. Free-floating nuclear material
d. No organelles
ANS: B
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its
nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed A single circular chromosome called a
x
prokaryote contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles x
REF: p 2x
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions Which cellular function is the nurse
x
describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
a. Metabolic absorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D
The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability
involves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and
secretion allows for the synthesizing of new substances x
REF: p 2x
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication In which region of the cell would most of
x
the genetic information be contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm
ANS: C
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic
acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within
the cell’s nucleus Mitochondria is associated with cellular respiration, while ribosomes are
x
involved with protein manufacturing Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the
x
cellx
REF: p 2x
