ICRM Part 1,2,3,4 [ACTUAL EXAM] LATEST VERSION [QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS]
WITH STUDY GUIDE DETAILED AND VERIFIED FOR GUARANTEED PASS- LATEST
UPDATE 2025 GRADED A TESTBANK
planning - CORRECT ANSWER Process of setting objectives and determining
how those objectives are to be achieved in an uncertain future. The management
function concerned with guiding the activities of employees in the appropriate direction.
organizing - CORRECT ANSWER Process of determining how resources are
allocated and prepared to accomplish an organization's mission.
directing/leading - CORRECT ANSWER Proces of making decisions about how to
influence people's behavior and then carrying out those decisions.
controlling - CORRECT ANSWER Process of ascertaining whether organizational
objectives have been achieved and if not, determining what actions should be taken to
achieve them in the future.
staffing - CORRECT ANSWER Involves the recruitment, selection, training,
evaluating, and other functions related to the utilization of human resources. Some
consider this a part of organizing.
classical management - CORRECT ANSWER Developed in the early 1900s;
consists of scientific management, administration and organization management,
human resources, and quality management.
scientific management - CORRECT ANSWER "One best way" method, is the
basis for TQM.
Frederick Taylor - CORRECT ANSWER Considered the father of scientific
management. Did time and motion studies and applied engineering principles to the
work done on the factory floor.
Henry Gantt - CORRECT ANSWER Worked with Taylor. Developed chartig
method to schedule workers across a series of tasks (to complete a project). Gantt
charts are a precursor to today's PERT technique (program evaluation review
technique).
Frank Gilbreath - CORRECT ANSWER Used time and motion studies to maximize
efficiency and effectiveness. Early advocate of scientific management. Was the guy who
was the father/central figure in Cheaper by the Dozen.
,administration and organization management - CORRECT ANSWER How
managers manage and organizations structured.
Henri Fayol - CORRECT ANSWER Clarified functions of management and refined
functions. Planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling. (Command
and Coordination = Leadership)
Max Weber - CORRECT ANSWER Defined bureaucracy as "the ideal or pure form
of organization"
three types of authority - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Rational, legal authority
(depends on position) 2. Traditional authority (depends on legitimacy of person in
command) 3. Charismatic authority (depends on belief and trust of followers)
human resource theory - CORRECT ANSWER Managing as people rather than a
resource like money or time.
Hawthorne Studies - CORRECT ANSWER Set of experiments that examined the
effects of workers' physical environment on their productivity. Showed the importance of
the social systems in a work group and the impact of behavioral factors on productivity.
Elton Mayo - CORRECT ANSWER Theorized that workers would be more
productive if managers SEEMED more concerned about them.
behavioral science - CORRECT ANSWER Management approached concerned
with increasing productivity by focusing on understanding the human element in an
organization - individuals and groups and how they can be effectively and efficiently
combined in a large organization.
A.H. Maslow - CORRECT ANSWER Developed Hierarchy of Needs theory -
physiological, safety, love, esteem, self-actualization form a pyramid. Believed that you
coud not climb higher on the pyramid without meeting the needs of the lower levels.
Douglas Murray McGregor - CORRECT ANSWER Believed managers could be
divided into two groups (X and Y), based on their view of human nature.
Theory X managers - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Believed workers naturally disliked
work and would avoid it if possible, 2. Because of this characteristic, workers needed to
be controlled or threatened to get the work accomplished, 3. And workers preferred to
be directed because they don't want the responsibility to make decisions; lacking
ambition, they prefer security above all.
Theory Y managers - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Believed work is as natural as play
and rest; 2. Workers will exercise self-direction and self control to obtain objectives they
,are committed to; 3. Commitment to objectives is tied to the rewards associated with
their achievement; 4. Acceptance and seeking of responsibility can be learned by
workers under proper conditions; 5. Capacity to exercise imagination, ingenuity, and
creativity towards solving organizational problems can be found throughout a
population, not just at the top; and 6. Under the conditions of modern industrial life, the
intellectual potentialities of the average human are only being partially utilized.
Frederick Herzberg - CORRECT ANSWER Identified two types of needs: hygiene
factors and motivators
hygiene factors - CORRECT ANSWER Were extrinsic to the job and related to pay
and supervision. Also referred to as dissatisfiers (if they were absent, the worker would
be dissatisfied).
motivators - CORRECT ANSWER Were intrinsic to the job and related to
achievements and recognition for performance. Also referred to as satisfiers (if intrinsic
needs were met, workers would be more productive).
Peter Drucker - CORRECT ANSWER Wrote a number of works including
Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Believed that many managers fail to identify
opportunities and as a result, fail to take advantage of them. Championed concept of
Management by Objective (MBO).
management science - CORRECT ANSWER Employs mathematical techniques to
solve problems. Quanitative analysis. Also known as operations research.
quality management - CORRECT ANSWER Managing the process (focus on
production and results)
total quality management - CORRECT ANSWER Organization-wide programs that
aim to integrate all functions of the business such that all aspects of the business are
aimed at maximizing customer satisfaction through continuous improvement. Related to
this are concepts: Six Sigma, zero defects, and ISO 9000
Edward Deming - CORRECT ANSWER Credited with Joseph Juran for bringing
concept of TQM to Japan in the 1950s after WWII during their rebuilding process.
Developed a 14 point system that must be incorporated at all levels of an organization.
J.M. Juran - CORRECT ANSWER Developed a trilogy approach to quality
management: Quality Planning, Quality Control, and Quality Improvement. He was seen
as applying QM to entire organizations from an earlier time than Deming.
Theory Z management - CORRECT ANSWER Modern management theory
developed by William Ouichi. Theory Z organization balances "individula responsibility"
, of US orgnaitions with "collective decision making, slow evauluation and promotion, and
holistic conern for employees": of Japanese organizations.
quality circles - CORRECT ANSWER Specially formed groups of 8-12 employees
who perform the same work or share the same work area and functio and meet on a
regular basis (normally 1 hour per week) on company time to apply specific techniques
and tools to problems affecting their work and work area.
management by objective - CORRECT ANSWER Process in which objectives are
determined and distributed to succeeding levels of management; managers at each
level participate in the formulation of action plans, and the plans are implemented.
management by exception - CORRECT ANSWER Process in which control is
maintained by only allowing deviations between planned and actual performance to be
brought to management's attention. Subordinates handle routine organizational issues
and managers handle non-routine or exceptional organizational issues.
contingency theories - CORRECT ANSWER Leadership theories suggesting that
for any given situation, there is a best way to manage. Think of it as one theory does not
fit all situations - apply the right theory to the right situation; best fit.
creativity circles - CORRECT ANSWER Groups of employees who meet to use
creative techniques to solve problems facing the work group.
decision making - CORRECT ANSWER The work of management; Identification of
the problem, listing possible alternatives to solve the problem, selecting the most
beneficial of these alternatives, putting the selected alternative into action, gathering
feedback to find out if the implemented alternative is solving the identified problem.
models for decision making - CORRECT ANSWER Decision Matrices, Payoff
Tables, Decision Trees, Group Decision Support Systems
strategic business unit - CORRECT ANSWER A significant organization segment
that is analyzed to develop organizational strategy aimed at generating future business
or revenue.
growing - CORRECT ANSWER Management increased the amount of business
that a strategic business unit (SBU) is currently generating.
stability - CORRECT ANSWER Management tries to maintain or slightly improve
the amount of business that an strategic business unit (SBU) is generating.
retrenchment - CORRECT ANSWER Management tries to strengthen or protect
the amount of business an strategic business unit (SBU) is generating.
WITH STUDY GUIDE DETAILED AND VERIFIED FOR GUARANTEED PASS- LATEST
UPDATE 2025 GRADED A TESTBANK
planning - CORRECT ANSWER Process of setting objectives and determining
how those objectives are to be achieved in an uncertain future. The management
function concerned with guiding the activities of employees in the appropriate direction.
organizing - CORRECT ANSWER Process of determining how resources are
allocated and prepared to accomplish an organization's mission.
directing/leading - CORRECT ANSWER Proces of making decisions about how to
influence people's behavior and then carrying out those decisions.
controlling - CORRECT ANSWER Process of ascertaining whether organizational
objectives have been achieved and if not, determining what actions should be taken to
achieve them in the future.
staffing - CORRECT ANSWER Involves the recruitment, selection, training,
evaluating, and other functions related to the utilization of human resources. Some
consider this a part of organizing.
classical management - CORRECT ANSWER Developed in the early 1900s;
consists of scientific management, administration and organization management,
human resources, and quality management.
scientific management - CORRECT ANSWER "One best way" method, is the
basis for TQM.
Frederick Taylor - CORRECT ANSWER Considered the father of scientific
management. Did time and motion studies and applied engineering principles to the
work done on the factory floor.
Henry Gantt - CORRECT ANSWER Worked with Taylor. Developed chartig
method to schedule workers across a series of tasks (to complete a project). Gantt
charts are a precursor to today's PERT technique (program evaluation review
technique).
Frank Gilbreath - CORRECT ANSWER Used time and motion studies to maximize
efficiency and effectiveness. Early advocate of scientific management. Was the guy who
was the father/central figure in Cheaper by the Dozen.
,administration and organization management - CORRECT ANSWER How
managers manage and organizations structured.
Henri Fayol - CORRECT ANSWER Clarified functions of management and refined
functions. Planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling. (Command
and Coordination = Leadership)
Max Weber - CORRECT ANSWER Defined bureaucracy as "the ideal or pure form
of organization"
three types of authority - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Rational, legal authority
(depends on position) 2. Traditional authority (depends on legitimacy of person in
command) 3. Charismatic authority (depends on belief and trust of followers)
human resource theory - CORRECT ANSWER Managing as people rather than a
resource like money or time.
Hawthorne Studies - CORRECT ANSWER Set of experiments that examined the
effects of workers' physical environment on their productivity. Showed the importance of
the social systems in a work group and the impact of behavioral factors on productivity.
Elton Mayo - CORRECT ANSWER Theorized that workers would be more
productive if managers SEEMED more concerned about them.
behavioral science - CORRECT ANSWER Management approached concerned
with increasing productivity by focusing on understanding the human element in an
organization - individuals and groups and how they can be effectively and efficiently
combined in a large organization.
A.H. Maslow - CORRECT ANSWER Developed Hierarchy of Needs theory -
physiological, safety, love, esteem, self-actualization form a pyramid. Believed that you
coud not climb higher on the pyramid without meeting the needs of the lower levels.
Douglas Murray McGregor - CORRECT ANSWER Believed managers could be
divided into two groups (X and Y), based on their view of human nature.
Theory X managers - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Believed workers naturally disliked
work and would avoid it if possible, 2. Because of this characteristic, workers needed to
be controlled or threatened to get the work accomplished, 3. And workers preferred to
be directed because they don't want the responsibility to make decisions; lacking
ambition, they prefer security above all.
Theory Y managers - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Believed work is as natural as play
and rest; 2. Workers will exercise self-direction and self control to obtain objectives they
,are committed to; 3. Commitment to objectives is tied to the rewards associated with
their achievement; 4. Acceptance and seeking of responsibility can be learned by
workers under proper conditions; 5. Capacity to exercise imagination, ingenuity, and
creativity towards solving organizational problems can be found throughout a
population, not just at the top; and 6. Under the conditions of modern industrial life, the
intellectual potentialities of the average human are only being partially utilized.
Frederick Herzberg - CORRECT ANSWER Identified two types of needs: hygiene
factors and motivators
hygiene factors - CORRECT ANSWER Were extrinsic to the job and related to pay
and supervision. Also referred to as dissatisfiers (if they were absent, the worker would
be dissatisfied).
motivators - CORRECT ANSWER Were intrinsic to the job and related to
achievements and recognition for performance. Also referred to as satisfiers (if intrinsic
needs were met, workers would be more productive).
Peter Drucker - CORRECT ANSWER Wrote a number of works including
Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Believed that many managers fail to identify
opportunities and as a result, fail to take advantage of them. Championed concept of
Management by Objective (MBO).
management science - CORRECT ANSWER Employs mathematical techniques to
solve problems. Quanitative analysis. Also known as operations research.
quality management - CORRECT ANSWER Managing the process (focus on
production and results)
total quality management - CORRECT ANSWER Organization-wide programs that
aim to integrate all functions of the business such that all aspects of the business are
aimed at maximizing customer satisfaction through continuous improvement. Related to
this are concepts: Six Sigma, zero defects, and ISO 9000
Edward Deming - CORRECT ANSWER Credited with Joseph Juran for bringing
concept of TQM to Japan in the 1950s after WWII during their rebuilding process.
Developed a 14 point system that must be incorporated at all levels of an organization.
J.M. Juran - CORRECT ANSWER Developed a trilogy approach to quality
management: Quality Planning, Quality Control, and Quality Improvement. He was seen
as applying QM to entire organizations from an earlier time than Deming.
Theory Z management - CORRECT ANSWER Modern management theory
developed by William Ouichi. Theory Z organization balances "individula responsibility"
, of US orgnaitions with "collective decision making, slow evauluation and promotion, and
holistic conern for employees": of Japanese organizations.
quality circles - CORRECT ANSWER Specially formed groups of 8-12 employees
who perform the same work or share the same work area and functio and meet on a
regular basis (normally 1 hour per week) on company time to apply specific techniques
and tools to problems affecting their work and work area.
management by objective - CORRECT ANSWER Process in which objectives are
determined and distributed to succeeding levels of management; managers at each
level participate in the formulation of action plans, and the plans are implemented.
management by exception - CORRECT ANSWER Process in which control is
maintained by only allowing deviations between planned and actual performance to be
brought to management's attention. Subordinates handle routine organizational issues
and managers handle non-routine or exceptional organizational issues.
contingency theories - CORRECT ANSWER Leadership theories suggesting that
for any given situation, there is a best way to manage. Think of it as one theory does not
fit all situations - apply the right theory to the right situation; best fit.
creativity circles - CORRECT ANSWER Groups of employees who meet to use
creative techniques to solve problems facing the work group.
decision making - CORRECT ANSWER The work of management; Identification of
the problem, listing possible alternatives to solve the problem, selecting the most
beneficial of these alternatives, putting the selected alternative into action, gathering
feedback to find out if the implemented alternative is solving the identified problem.
models for decision making - CORRECT ANSWER Decision Matrices, Payoff
Tables, Decision Trees, Group Decision Support Systems
strategic business unit - CORRECT ANSWER A significant organization segment
that is analyzed to develop organizational strategy aimed at generating future business
or revenue.
growing - CORRECT ANSWER Management increased the amount of business
that a strategic business unit (SBU) is currently generating.
stability - CORRECT ANSWER Management tries to maintain or slightly improve
the amount of business that an strategic business unit (SBU) is generating.
retrenchment - CORRECT ANSWER Management tries to strengthen or protect
the amount of business an strategic business unit (SBU) is generating.
