NURS 676 Advanced Pharmacology Actual
2025 Midterm Exam (WCU) Questions and
Answers Summer Semester
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (10 Questions)
Question 1 (Multiple-Choice)
A nurse practitioner is prescribing a drug with a high first-pass effect. Which administration
route would increase the drug’s bioavailability?
A: Oral
B: Intravenous
C: Subcutaneous
D: Transdermal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Drugs with a high first-pass effect are extensively metabolized by the liver when
taken orally, reducing bioavailability. Intravenous administration bypasses the liver, increasing
the amount of active drug available ().
Question 2 (Multiple-Select, SATA)
Which factors influence drug metabolism in the liver? (Select all that apply)
A: Hepatic function
B: Age
C: Body weight
D: Genetic polymorphisms
Correct Answers: A, B, D
Rationale: Hepatic function, age, and genetic polymorphisms (e.g., CYP450 variations) affect
drug metabolism. Body weight primarily influences dosing, not metabolism directly ().
Question 3 (Multiple-Choice)
A patient receiving an agonist for 3 weeks shows reduced drug effectiveness. What is the likely
cause?
A: Increased bioavailability
B: Tolerance
C: Drug interaction
D: Increased half-life
Correct Answer: B
, Rationale: Prolonged use of an agonist can lead to tolerance, reducing the drug’s effectiveness
due to receptor downregulation ().
Question 4 (Supply Answer)
What term describes the time it takes for 50% of a drug to be eliminated from the body?
Correct Answer: Half-life
Rationale: Half-life is the time required for a drug’s plasma concentration to decrease by 50%, a
key pharmacokinetic parameter.
Question 5 (Multiple-Choice)
Which organ is primarily responsible for drug excretion?
A: Liver
B: Kidney
C: Lungs
D: Skin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The kidneys are the primary route for drug excretion, eliminating most drugs and
their metabolites via urine ().
Question 6 (Multiple-Select, SATA)
Which patient factors must a nurse practitioner consider when prescribing medications? (Select
all that apply)
A: Renal function
B: Age
C: Blood pressure
D: Genetic characteristics
Correct Answers: A, B, D
Rationale: Renal function, age, and genetic characteristics (e.g., enzyme variations) impact drug
metabolism and clearance. Blood pressure is relevant for specific drugs but not a universal factor
().
Question 7 (Multiple-Choice)
A drug’s efficacy refers to:
A: The time it takes to reach peak effect
B: The ability to produce the desired therapeutic effect
C: The drug’s half-life
D: The drug’s route of administration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Efficacy is the extent to which a drug produces its intended therapeutic effect ().
Question 8 (Multiple-Choice)
2025 Midterm Exam (WCU) Questions and
Answers Summer Semester
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics (10 Questions)
Question 1 (Multiple-Choice)
A nurse practitioner is prescribing a drug with a high first-pass effect. Which administration
route would increase the drug’s bioavailability?
A: Oral
B: Intravenous
C: Subcutaneous
D: Transdermal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Drugs with a high first-pass effect are extensively metabolized by the liver when
taken orally, reducing bioavailability. Intravenous administration bypasses the liver, increasing
the amount of active drug available ().
Question 2 (Multiple-Select, SATA)
Which factors influence drug metabolism in the liver? (Select all that apply)
A: Hepatic function
B: Age
C: Body weight
D: Genetic polymorphisms
Correct Answers: A, B, D
Rationale: Hepatic function, age, and genetic polymorphisms (e.g., CYP450 variations) affect
drug metabolism. Body weight primarily influences dosing, not metabolism directly ().
Question 3 (Multiple-Choice)
A patient receiving an agonist for 3 weeks shows reduced drug effectiveness. What is the likely
cause?
A: Increased bioavailability
B: Tolerance
C: Drug interaction
D: Increased half-life
Correct Answer: B
, Rationale: Prolonged use of an agonist can lead to tolerance, reducing the drug’s effectiveness
due to receptor downregulation ().
Question 4 (Supply Answer)
What term describes the time it takes for 50% of a drug to be eliminated from the body?
Correct Answer: Half-life
Rationale: Half-life is the time required for a drug’s plasma concentration to decrease by 50%, a
key pharmacokinetic parameter.
Question 5 (Multiple-Choice)
Which organ is primarily responsible for drug excretion?
A: Liver
B: Kidney
C: Lungs
D: Skin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The kidneys are the primary route for drug excretion, eliminating most drugs and
their metabolites via urine ().
Question 6 (Multiple-Select, SATA)
Which patient factors must a nurse practitioner consider when prescribing medications? (Select
all that apply)
A: Renal function
B: Age
C: Blood pressure
D: Genetic characteristics
Correct Answers: A, B, D
Rationale: Renal function, age, and genetic characteristics (e.g., enzyme variations) impact drug
metabolism and clearance. Blood pressure is relevant for specific drugs but not a universal factor
().
Question 7 (Multiple-Choice)
A drug’s efficacy refers to:
A: The time it takes to reach peak effect
B: The ability to produce the desired therapeutic effect
C: The drug’s half-life
D: The drug’s route of administration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Efficacy is the extent to which a drug produces its intended therapeutic effect ().
Question 8 (Multiple-Choice)
