NSG6420 Week 6 Lecturio | 2025-2026 LATEST UPDATED|230 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | 100% RATED CORRECT | 100% VERFIED | ALREADY GRADED A+
1. : A patient with heart failure presents with edema, hyponatremia, and concentrated urine. Activity of which
receptor is most likely to be contributing to these symptoms?: Vasopressin receptor 2 in the collecting duct of the
kidney
3. Why is a vasopressin analog effective in the treatment of hemophilia A?: It stimulates the release of von
Willebrand factor and increases factor VIII levels. 4. In celiac disease, antibodies are formed against components of
gluten.
Which of the following is one such component?: Gliadin
5. Which of the following autoantibodies are most likely present in celiac disease?: Anti-tissue
transglutaminase
6. What is one of the signs of hypothyroidism found on physical examination?: Diffuse hair loss
7. What sign associated with hyperthyroidism is found on physical examination?: Lid lag
8. What is a characteristic finding in a patient with Graves' disease?: Pretibial myxedema
9. Which of the following could cause ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome?: adrenal adenoma
10. Which of the following is correct when following the algorithm to confirm Cushing syndrome?: Initial
testing is performed when exogenous glucocorticoid use has been excluded
11. What is NOT an effect of vasopressin or its synthetic analog?: Urine dilution 12. Which condition is most
likely to activate vasopressin receptor 1 via very high levels of vasopressin?: Hypovolemic shock
13. In a patient with untreated diabetes insipidus, what is the expected osmolarity of the urine and plasma,
respectively?: Hypoosmolar, hyperosmolar 14. What is the main cause of polyuria in patients with diabetes
insipidus?: Inability to concentrate urine
,15. Which of the following is a common presenting symptom of pheochromocytoma?: tremor
16. Which of the following syndromes is NOT associated with pheochromocytoma?: MEN 1
17. A patient presents with increased plasma osmolarity and increased urine concentration with oliguria. Which
condition is the most likely diagnosis?: dehydration
18. What is NOT a characteristic of arginine vasopressin deficiency
(AVP-D/central diabetes insipidus [CDI)?: Normal functioning posterior pituitary 19 Which of the following is
TRUE about the treatment of primary hyperaldosteronism?: Patients who are not candidates for surgery are treated
with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists.
20. Why is desmopressin the preferred treatment for arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D/central diabetes
insipidus [CDI)?: Normal vasopressin receptors and low vasopressin are typical in AVP-D (CDI).
21. What is the most common cause of AVP-D (CDI)?: Idiopathic
22. What is not a common clinical manifestation in treatment-naive patients with complete AVP-D (CDI)?:
Edema
23. What is the triphasic response resulting in AVP-D (CDI) after neurosurgery?: Polyuric phase — vasopressin
phase — permanent CDI
24. Which statement regarding the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone is FALSE?: Presents with
severely diluted urine
25. What is the most likely diagnosis of the patient described below? A 68-year-old man presents with nausea,
lightheadedness, and back and abdominal pain lasting several hours. He had a laparoscopic cholecystectomy
4 days ago and has had an unremarkable postoperative course. Medical history: Gout. Medications:
Therapeutic unfractionated heparin and as-needed oxycodone. Vital signs: Temperature is 37.2°C (99.0°F),
blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg, pulse is 110 beats/min, 18 breaths per minute, and BMI is 26 kg/m2. Physical
examination: Clean and dry surgical wound on abdomen, regular tachycardia, no pain with palpation of
, abdomen or lower back, normal skin pigmentation. Laboratory test results: Sodium level of 130 mEq/L,
potassium level of 6.0 mEq/L, and random cortisol of <2 ¼g/dL.: Adrenal insufficiency,
26. Which statement regarding edema and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is
CORRECT?: Patients do not present pitting edema 27. Which condition is LEAST likely to cause the syndrome
of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)?: Sheehan syndrome
28. What is the best next step in the management of a patient with suspected pheochromocytoma?: Evaluation
of 24-hour urine metanephrine and catecholamine levels
29. Which drug is NOT associated with the development of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone (SIADH)?: Doxycycline
30. What is the mechanism of the syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH) and nephrogenic diabetes
insipidus development, respectively?: Gain and loss of function of arginine vasopressin receptor 2 (AVPR2)
31. Which statement regarding acanthosis nigricans is FALSE?: It features central necrosis
32 A diabetic patient presents with oval, indurated lesions on their shins with central atrophy and yellow
pigmentation. What would be your first-line treatment?: Topical corticosteroids
33. A patient with a classic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) presents with
which set of findings?: Euvolemia, low plasma osmolarity, low serum sodium
34. Patients with SIADH have hypoosmolar hyponatremia and a euvolemic state. Which condition is most
likely to have a similar presentation?: hypothyroidism
35. Which statement is not true regarding proper fluid treatment in patients with SIADH?: The electrolyte
concentration of administered fluid is less than that of the plasma.
36. Which statement about lithium and SIADH is correct?: It diminishes the responsiveness to antidiuretic
hormone.
AND ANSWERS | 100% RATED CORRECT | 100% VERFIED | ALREADY GRADED A+
1. : A patient with heart failure presents with edema, hyponatremia, and concentrated urine. Activity of which
receptor is most likely to be contributing to these symptoms?: Vasopressin receptor 2 in the collecting duct of the
kidney
3. Why is a vasopressin analog effective in the treatment of hemophilia A?: It stimulates the release of von
Willebrand factor and increases factor VIII levels. 4. In celiac disease, antibodies are formed against components of
gluten.
Which of the following is one such component?: Gliadin
5. Which of the following autoantibodies are most likely present in celiac disease?: Anti-tissue
transglutaminase
6. What is one of the signs of hypothyroidism found on physical examination?: Diffuse hair loss
7. What sign associated with hyperthyroidism is found on physical examination?: Lid lag
8. What is a characteristic finding in a patient with Graves' disease?: Pretibial myxedema
9. Which of the following could cause ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome?: adrenal adenoma
10. Which of the following is correct when following the algorithm to confirm Cushing syndrome?: Initial
testing is performed when exogenous glucocorticoid use has been excluded
11. What is NOT an effect of vasopressin or its synthetic analog?: Urine dilution 12. Which condition is most
likely to activate vasopressin receptor 1 via very high levels of vasopressin?: Hypovolemic shock
13. In a patient with untreated diabetes insipidus, what is the expected osmolarity of the urine and plasma,
respectively?: Hypoosmolar, hyperosmolar 14. What is the main cause of polyuria in patients with diabetes
insipidus?: Inability to concentrate urine
,15. Which of the following is a common presenting symptom of pheochromocytoma?: tremor
16. Which of the following syndromes is NOT associated with pheochromocytoma?: MEN 1
17. A patient presents with increased plasma osmolarity and increased urine concentration with oliguria. Which
condition is the most likely diagnosis?: dehydration
18. What is NOT a characteristic of arginine vasopressin deficiency
(AVP-D/central diabetes insipidus [CDI)?: Normal functioning posterior pituitary 19 Which of the following is
TRUE about the treatment of primary hyperaldosteronism?: Patients who are not candidates for surgery are treated
with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists.
20. Why is desmopressin the preferred treatment for arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D/central diabetes
insipidus [CDI)?: Normal vasopressin receptors and low vasopressin are typical in AVP-D (CDI).
21. What is the most common cause of AVP-D (CDI)?: Idiopathic
22. What is not a common clinical manifestation in treatment-naive patients with complete AVP-D (CDI)?:
Edema
23. What is the triphasic response resulting in AVP-D (CDI) after neurosurgery?: Polyuric phase — vasopressin
phase — permanent CDI
24. Which statement regarding the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone is FALSE?: Presents with
severely diluted urine
25. What is the most likely diagnosis of the patient described below? A 68-year-old man presents with nausea,
lightheadedness, and back and abdominal pain lasting several hours. He had a laparoscopic cholecystectomy
4 days ago and has had an unremarkable postoperative course. Medical history: Gout. Medications:
Therapeutic unfractionated heparin and as-needed oxycodone. Vital signs: Temperature is 37.2°C (99.0°F),
blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg, pulse is 110 beats/min, 18 breaths per minute, and BMI is 26 kg/m2. Physical
examination: Clean and dry surgical wound on abdomen, regular tachycardia, no pain with palpation of
, abdomen or lower back, normal skin pigmentation. Laboratory test results: Sodium level of 130 mEq/L,
potassium level of 6.0 mEq/L, and random cortisol of <2 ¼g/dL.: Adrenal insufficiency,
26. Which statement regarding edema and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is
CORRECT?: Patients do not present pitting edema 27. Which condition is LEAST likely to cause the syndrome
of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)?: Sheehan syndrome
28. What is the best next step in the management of a patient with suspected pheochromocytoma?: Evaluation
of 24-hour urine metanephrine and catecholamine levels
29. Which drug is NOT associated with the development of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone (SIADH)?: Doxycycline
30. What is the mechanism of the syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH) and nephrogenic diabetes
insipidus development, respectively?: Gain and loss of function of arginine vasopressin receptor 2 (AVPR2)
31. Which statement regarding acanthosis nigricans is FALSE?: It features central necrosis
32 A diabetic patient presents with oval, indurated lesions on their shins with central atrophy and yellow
pigmentation. What would be your first-line treatment?: Topical corticosteroids
33. A patient with a classic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) presents with
which set of findings?: Euvolemia, low plasma osmolarity, low serum sodium
34. Patients with SIADH have hypoosmolar hyponatremia and a euvolemic state. Which condition is most
likely to have a similar presentation?: hypothyroidism
35. Which statement is not true regarding proper fluid treatment in patients with SIADH?: The electrolyte
concentration of administered fluid is less than that of the plasma.
36. Which statement about lithium and SIADH is correct?: It diminishes the responsiveness to antidiuretic
hormone.
