Exam 1: BIO 202/ BIO202 (NEW 2025/ 2026 Update) Human Anatomy and Physiology II Guide| Questions & Answers| Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified Solutions)- GCU

Examl 1:l BIOl 202/l BIO202l (NEWl 2025/l
2026l Update)l Humanl Anatomyl andl
Physiologyl IIl Guide|l Questionsl &l
Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl
(Verifiedl Solutions)-l GCU

QUESTION
Whatl wouldl bel thel resultl ofl anl iodinel deficiencyl inl individual'sl diet?


Answer:
Goiter




QUESTION
Whatl anatomicall structuresl inl thel neckl wouldl bel affectedl byl goiter?


Answer:
Thyroidl gland




QUESTION
Whyl doesl anl individuall whol isl hypothyroidl developl goiter?


Answer:
-Thisl isl becausel wheneverl therel isl notl enoughl iodinel inl thel body,l thel thyroidl isl notl
workingl properlyl tol producel thel correctl amountl ofl hormones.l Swellingl willl occur.




QUESTION

,Describel thel anatomicall locationl ofl thel parathyroidl glands.


Answer:
-4l tinyl massesl onl thel posteriorl ofl thel thyroid




QUESTION
Whatl arel thel otherl namesl forl parafollicularl cellsl ofl thel thyroidl gland?


Answer:
cl cells




QUESTION
PTHl is?


Answer:
Parathyroidl hormone




QUESTION
Whatl arel thel fourl effectsl ofl PTH?


Answer:
-Stimulatesl osteoclasts
-Inhibitsl osteoblasts
-l Itl enhancesl reabsorptionl ofl Ca2+l atl kidneys,l reducingl urinaryl loss
-Stimulatesl formationl andl secretionl ofl calcitrioll (usedl tol treatl calciuml deficiency)l atl
kidneys




QUESTION
Describel thel anatomicall locationl ofl thel adrenall glands

, Answer:
-Liel alongl superiorl borderl ofl eachl kidney




QUESTION
Whatl arel thel majorl hormonesl (andl theirl associatedl functions)l ofl thel adrenall cortex?l
a.l Zonal glomerulosal
b.l Zonal fasciculate
c.l Zonal reticularis


Answer:
Zonal Glomerulosa:l Makesl Mineralcorticoids
-*Stimulatesl conservationl ofl sodiuml ions*
-*Eliminationl ofl potassium*
-Increasesl sensitivityl ofl saltl receptorsl inl tastel buds

Zonal Fasciculate:l Makesl Glucocorticoidsl
-Producesl glucocorticoidsl underl stimulationl byl ACTH
-Acceleratesl glucosel synthesisl andl glycogenl formationl (lowersl bloodl sugar)l

Zonal Reticularis:l Makesl Androgensl
-Networkl ofl endocrinel cellsl
-Formsl narrowl bandl borderingl eachl adrenall medullal
-Producesl androgensl underl stimulationl byl ACTH




QUESTION
Whatl arel thel majorl hormonesl (andl theirl associatedl functions)l ofl thel adrenall medulla?


Answer:
-Epinephrine:l 75%-80%l ofl medullaryl secretionsl
-Norepinephrine:l 20%-25%l ofl medullaryl secretions