Examl 3:l BIOl 205/l BIO205l (NEWl 2025/l
2026l Update)l Microbiologyl Guide|l
Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l
Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l GCU
QUESTION
Complementl systeml activation
Answer:
Al groupl ofl proteinsl thatl attachl tol pathogens
-Opsonization:l byl C3b
-Inflammatoryl Response
-Celll Lysis
QUESTION
Immobilizationl andl Preventionl ofl Adherence
Answer:
Antibodiesl bindl tol flagellal preventingl movementl orl tol pilil preventingl attachmentl ofl
bacteria
QUESTION
Cross-linking
Answer:
-antibodiesl bindl tol multiplel antigens,l linkingl theml togetherl
-agglutinatesl antigensl tol makel itl easierl forl identificationl andl elimination
QUESTION
Antibody-dependentl cellularl cytotoxicityl (ADCC)
Answer:
IgGl moleculesl attachl tol anl infectedl celll targetingl itl forl attackl byl al NKl cell
-NKl cellsl releasel cytotoxinsl tol killl thel cell
QUESTION
,Virusl Neutralization
Answer:
Antibodiesl blockl activityl ofl pathogensl byl attachingl thel theirl bindingl sitesl ofl virusesl
andl bacteria
QUESTION
Anergicl Tl cells
Answer:
Tl cellsl inl anl unresponsivel statel thatl isl duel tol dendriticl cellsl notl presentingl co-
stimulatoryl molecules/cytokines
QUESTION
Perforin
Answer:
-Onel ofl thel proteinsl releasedl byl cytotoxicl Tl cellsl onl contactl withl theirl targetl cells.l
-Itl formsl poresl inl thel targetl celll membranel thatl contributel tol celll lysis
QUESTION
Humorall immunity
Answer:
Effectivel on:
-Bacteria-flagella,l pilli,l capsules
-virusesl inl bodyl fluids
-toxinsl andl otherl solublel antigens
QUESTION
Primaryl response
Answer:
takesl 10-14l daysl forl substantiall antibodyl accumulation
QUESTION
Secondaryl response
Answer:
-mustl fasterl duel tol re-exposure
,-Adaptivel immunityl havel Memoryl Bl cells
-al largel increasel inl IgG
QUESTION
Naturall Killerl cells
Answer:
-inducel apoptosisl inl "self"l cells
-deliverl perforinl andl protease-containingl granulesl tol cell,l initiatingl apoptosis
QUESTION
Upperl respiratoryl tractl initiation
Answer:
Nasopharyngeall (nose,l throatl (pharyngitis)l andl progressesl tol earsl (otitisl media),l sinusesl
(sinusitis)
QUESTION
Strepl throatl bacteria
Answer:
Groupl Al Streptococcusl pyogenes
QUESTION
Streptococcusl pyogenes
Answer:
-Gram-positive
-beta-hemolysisl ofl bloodl agar
-Groupl Al causesl strepl throat
QUESTION
Streptococcusl pyogenesl pathogenesis
Answer:
-Hyaluronicl acidl capsules
-streptococcall pyrogenicl exotoxinsl (SPEs):l fleshl eating
-Proteinl Gl preventsl IgGl mediatedl phagocytosis
-Ml proteinl importantl adhesion
-Proteinl Fl adheresl tol fibrinl ofl epitheliall cells
, QUESTION
Commonl coldl cure
Answer:
Nol vaccine
-tool manyl differentl typesl ofl rhinovirus
QUESTION
Tuberculosis
Answer:
-Mycobacteriuml tuberculosis
-acidl fastl duel tol mycolicl acidl inl celll wall
QUESTION
influenzal (flu)
Answer:
-antigenicl variation
2l glycoproteinsl projectingl froml thel virall envelope
QUESTION
Fungall infectionsl ofl thel lungs
Answer:
coccidioidomycosisl andl histoplasmosis
-Northl Americanl lungl mycoses
QUESTION
Skinl normall microbiota
Answer:
-Diphtheroids:l causel acne
Ex.l propionibacterium
-Staphylococci
-Yeast-fungil malassezia
QUESTION
Stagesl ofl folliculitis
2026l Update)l Microbiologyl Guide|l
Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l
Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l GCU
QUESTION
Complementl systeml activation
Answer:
Al groupl ofl proteinsl thatl attachl tol pathogens
-Opsonization:l byl C3b
-Inflammatoryl Response
-Celll Lysis
QUESTION
Immobilizationl andl Preventionl ofl Adherence
Answer:
Antibodiesl bindl tol flagellal preventingl movementl orl tol pilil preventingl attachmentl ofl
bacteria
QUESTION
Cross-linking
Answer:
-antibodiesl bindl tol multiplel antigens,l linkingl theml togetherl
-agglutinatesl antigensl tol makel itl easierl forl identificationl andl elimination
QUESTION
Antibody-dependentl cellularl cytotoxicityl (ADCC)
Answer:
IgGl moleculesl attachl tol anl infectedl celll targetingl itl forl attackl byl al NKl cell
-NKl cellsl releasel cytotoxinsl tol killl thel cell
QUESTION
,Virusl Neutralization
Answer:
Antibodiesl blockl activityl ofl pathogensl byl attachingl thel theirl bindingl sitesl ofl virusesl
andl bacteria
QUESTION
Anergicl Tl cells
Answer:
Tl cellsl inl anl unresponsivel statel thatl isl duel tol dendriticl cellsl notl presentingl co-
stimulatoryl molecules/cytokines
QUESTION
Perforin
Answer:
-Onel ofl thel proteinsl releasedl byl cytotoxicl Tl cellsl onl contactl withl theirl targetl cells.l
-Itl formsl poresl inl thel targetl celll membranel thatl contributel tol celll lysis
QUESTION
Humorall immunity
Answer:
Effectivel on:
-Bacteria-flagella,l pilli,l capsules
-virusesl inl bodyl fluids
-toxinsl andl otherl solublel antigens
QUESTION
Primaryl response
Answer:
takesl 10-14l daysl forl substantiall antibodyl accumulation
QUESTION
Secondaryl response
Answer:
-mustl fasterl duel tol re-exposure
,-Adaptivel immunityl havel Memoryl Bl cells
-al largel increasel inl IgG
QUESTION
Naturall Killerl cells
Answer:
-inducel apoptosisl inl "self"l cells
-deliverl perforinl andl protease-containingl granulesl tol cell,l initiatingl apoptosis
QUESTION
Upperl respiratoryl tractl initiation
Answer:
Nasopharyngeall (nose,l throatl (pharyngitis)l andl progressesl tol earsl (otitisl media),l sinusesl
(sinusitis)
QUESTION
Strepl throatl bacteria
Answer:
Groupl Al Streptococcusl pyogenes
QUESTION
Streptococcusl pyogenes
Answer:
-Gram-positive
-beta-hemolysisl ofl bloodl agar
-Groupl Al causesl strepl throat
QUESTION
Streptococcusl pyogenesl pathogenesis
Answer:
-Hyaluronicl acidl capsules
-streptococcall pyrogenicl exotoxinsl (SPEs):l fleshl eating
-Proteinl Gl preventsl IgGl mediatedl phagocytosis
-Ml proteinl importantl adhesion
-Proteinl Fl adheresl tol fibrinl ofl epitheliall cells
, QUESTION
Commonl coldl cure
Answer:
Nol vaccine
-tool manyl differentl typesl ofl rhinovirus
QUESTION
Tuberculosis
Answer:
-Mycobacteriuml tuberculosis
-acidl fastl duel tol mycolicl acidl inl celll wall
QUESTION
influenzal (flu)
Answer:
-antigenicl variation
2l glycoproteinsl projectingl froml thel virall envelope
QUESTION
Fungall infectionsl ofl thel lungs
Answer:
coccidioidomycosisl andl histoplasmosis
-Northl Americanl lungl mycoses
QUESTION
Skinl normall microbiota
Answer:
-Diphtheroids:l causel acne
Ex.l propionibacterium
-Staphylococci
-Yeast-fungil malassezia
QUESTION
Stagesl ofl folliculitis
