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BIO 322
BIO 322/ BIO322 | Exam 3 Dr. Melillo | Applied
Pathophysiology |Questions & Answers| Grade A|
Latest Update (2025/ 2026 NEW)
1. Is Grave's disease a primary, secondary, or tertiary problem?:
Primary (problem with thyroid)
2. Hormone panel for Grave's disease: decreased TRH & TSH, increase
T3 & T4
3. Cause of Grave's disease: Autoimmune. Thyroid stimulating
immunoglobulins (antibodies) "turns on" the thyroid
4. S & S of Graves disease (3): Exophthalmos, pretibial myxedema,
goiter
5. Testing for Grave's disease (can see the test on slide 14 of ppt):
Radioactive thyroid uptake & positive TSI antibodies
6. Is toxic nodular goiter (TNG) a primary, secondary, or tertiary
problem?: -
Primary (thyroid problem)
, 2
BIO 322
7. Hormone panel for TNG: decreased TRH & TSH, increased T3 & T4
8. Causes of TNG (3): Puberty, infection, or pregnancy
9. S & S of TNG (6): Hot, weight loss, lots of energy, anxiety,
nervousness, insomnia
10. Testing for TNG (2): Palpate (will feel hardness), iodine scan will
show a hot/cold nodules
11. What does a hot nodule look like?: black area, shows an increased
uptake of iodine
12. What does a cold nodule look like?: no concentration of iodine
uptake, white area
13. S & S of hypothyroidism (3): Fatigue, weight gain, cold
14. Is Hashimoto's, iodine deficiency, and subacute De Quervain's a
primary, secondary, or tertiary problem?: Primary
15. Cause of Hashimoto's: Autoimmune
16. Testing for Hashimoto's: Anti-thyroid microsomal (TPO) and anti-
thyroid globulin (TGB) are high
17. Testing for iodine deficiency: negative TPO & TGB
, 3
BIO 322
18. Cause of type 1 diabetes: autoimmune--> body doesn't make insulin
19. Cause of type 2 diabetes: Diet & Exercise (insulin resistance)
20. Addison's disease cause (4): Autoimmune--> MCC in the
industrialized world, infection in developing countries,
histoplasmosis, coccidiomycosis
21. S & S of Addison's disease (4): Electrolyte imbalances,
hypoglycemia, hypotension, hyperpigmentation
22. Testing for Addison's disease: ACTH stimulation test
23. What is Pheochromocytoma: Rare tumor of the adrenal medulla
with excess secretion of catecholamines
24. S & S of pheochromocytoma (3): diaphoresis, episodic HA,
tachycardia
25. Hormone panel for pheochromocytoma: increased epinephrine
26. S/S of dementia (5): progressive failure of cerebral functions,
confusion, memory loss, loss of reasoning & judgement
27. Testing for dementia: CT/MRI
28. Causes of Alzheimer's (2): Chromosome 21 (early onset FAD),
BIO 322
BIO 322/ BIO322 | Exam 3 Dr. Melillo | Applied
Pathophysiology |Questions & Answers| Grade A|
Latest Update (2025/ 2026 NEW)
1. Is Grave's disease a primary, secondary, or tertiary problem?:
Primary (problem with thyroid)
2. Hormone panel for Grave's disease: decreased TRH & TSH, increase
T3 & T4
3. Cause of Grave's disease: Autoimmune. Thyroid stimulating
immunoglobulins (antibodies) "turns on" the thyroid
4. S & S of Graves disease (3): Exophthalmos, pretibial myxedema,
goiter
5. Testing for Grave's disease (can see the test on slide 14 of ppt):
Radioactive thyroid uptake & positive TSI antibodies
6. Is toxic nodular goiter (TNG) a primary, secondary, or tertiary
problem?: -
Primary (thyroid problem)
, 2
BIO 322
7. Hormone panel for TNG: decreased TRH & TSH, increased T3 & T4
8. Causes of TNG (3): Puberty, infection, or pregnancy
9. S & S of TNG (6): Hot, weight loss, lots of energy, anxiety,
nervousness, insomnia
10. Testing for TNG (2): Palpate (will feel hardness), iodine scan will
show a hot/cold nodules
11. What does a hot nodule look like?: black area, shows an increased
uptake of iodine
12. What does a cold nodule look like?: no concentration of iodine
uptake, white area
13. S & S of hypothyroidism (3): Fatigue, weight gain, cold
14. Is Hashimoto's, iodine deficiency, and subacute De Quervain's a
primary, secondary, or tertiary problem?: Primary
15. Cause of Hashimoto's: Autoimmune
16. Testing for Hashimoto's: Anti-thyroid microsomal (TPO) and anti-
thyroid globulin (TGB) are high
17. Testing for iodine deficiency: negative TPO & TGB
, 3
BIO 322
18. Cause of type 1 diabetes: autoimmune--> body doesn't make insulin
19. Cause of type 2 diabetes: Diet & Exercise (insulin resistance)
20. Addison's disease cause (4): Autoimmune--> MCC in the
industrialized world, infection in developing countries,
histoplasmosis, coccidiomycosis
21. S & S of Addison's disease (4): Electrolyte imbalances,
hypoglycemia, hypotension, hyperpigmentation
22. Testing for Addison's disease: ACTH stimulation test
23. What is Pheochromocytoma: Rare tumor of the adrenal medulla
with excess secretion of catecholamines
24. S & S of pheochromocytoma (3): diaphoresis, episodic HA,
tachycardia
25. Hormone panel for pheochromocytoma: increased epinephrine
26. S/S of dementia (5): progressive failure of cerebral functions,
confusion, memory loss, loss of reasoning & judgement
27. Testing for dementia: CT/MRI
28. Causes of Alzheimer's (2): Chromosome 21 (early onset FAD),
