Module 5: Elimination Concepts and Nursing
Considerations questions and answers
2025/2026
Anuria - answerabsence of urine production
Borborygmus - answerhigh-pitched, tinkling, rushing, or growling bowel sounds
Bowel incontinence - answerthe inability to voluntarily control the passing of fecal contents and
intestinal gas through the anal sphincter
Calculi - answerrenal or kidney stones
Constipation - answercharacterized by the passage of fewer than three bowel movements per week or
by difficulty in passing stools
Creatinine clearance - answertesting that uses 24-hour urine and serum creatine levels to determine the
glomerular filtration rate, which is an indicator of renal function
Defecation - answerthe expulsion of feces from the anus and rectum
Detrusor muscle - answerthe muscle in the wall of the bladder that contracts during urination to release
urine
Dialysis - answera technique by which fluids and molecules pass through a semipermeable membrane
according to the rules of osmosis
Diarrhea - answerthe passage of liquid feces with increased frequency resulting from rapid movement of
fecal contents through the large intestine
Diuresis - answerproduction of abnormally large amounts of urine by the kidneys
,Diuretics - answerincrease urine formation by preventing the reabsorption of water and electrolytes
from renal tubules into the bloodstream
Dysuria - answerpainful or difficult voiding
Elimination - answerthe secretion and excretion of physiologic waste products by the kidneys and
intestines
Enuresis - answerthe involuntary passing of urine when control should be established
Fecal incontinence - answerthe inability to voluntarily control the passing of fecal contents and intestinal
gas through the anal sphincter
Feces - answerthe non-digestible food that is eliminated from the bowel
Flatulence - answerthe presence of excessive flatus in the intestine that leads to inflation and stretching
on the intestines
Flatus - answergas composed of carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
Gastrocolic reflex - answerincreased peristalsis of the colon after food has entered the stomach
Glycosuria - answerthe excretion of carbohydrates into the urine
Hemodialysis - answera process in which the patient's blood flows through vascular catheters, passes by
the dialysis solution in an external machine, and the returns to the patient
Hernia - answera defect in the abdominal wall that allows abdominal contents to protrude outward
,Ileus - answertemporary cessation of intestinal movement
Laxatives - answermedications that stimulate bowel activity and promote fecal elimination
Meatus - answerurinary opening
Meconium - answerformed in utero from the amniotic fluid contents, intestinal secretions, and shed
mucosal cells; can be recognized by its thick, tarry black or dark green appearance
Micturition - answerprocess of emptying the urinary bladder
Neurogenic bladder - answerresults from impaired neurologic function in which patient does not
perceive sensation of bladder fullness and is unable to control urinary sphincters
Nocturia - answervoiding at night or during usual sleep time
Nocturnal enuresis (NE) - answerbedwetting or the involuntary passing of urine during sleep
Oliguria - answerscant urine output
Peristalsis - answerthe wavelike muscular contractions that propel food and digestive products through
the digestive tract
Peritoneal dialysis - answerthe dialysis solution is instilled into the abdominal cavity through a catheter,
allowed to rest there while the fluid and molecules exchange, and then removed from the abdomen
through the catheter
Polydipsia - answera medical condition in which extreme thirst leads to compulsive intake of excessive
amounts of fluid
Polyuria - answerthe production of abnormally amounts of urine by the kidneys
, Renal failure - answerwhen the kidneys cease to produce urine
Residual urine - answerurine that remains in the bladder after voiding
Stool - answera bowel movement; feces
Striae - answerwhite or silvery colored stretch marks
Urgency - answerthe sudden strong desire to void
Urinary frequency - answervoiding at infrequent intervals
Urinary hesitancy - answera delay and difficulty in initiating micturition; often associated with dysuria
Urination - answerprocess of emptying the urinary bladder
Voiding - answerprocess of emptying the urinary bladder
Polyuria - answerAbnormally large amounts of urine
Oliguria - answerScant urine production
Hemodialysis - answerDialysis where the patient's blood flows through vascular catheters, passes by the
dialysis solution in an external machine, and then returns to the patient
Peritoneal dialysis - answerDialysis solution is instilled into the abdominal cavity through a catheter to
rest there while the fluid and molecules exchange, and then removed through the catheter
Considerations questions and answers
2025/2026
Anuria - answerabsence of urine production
Borborygmus - answerhigh-pitched, tinkling, rushing, or growling bowel sounds
Bowel incontinence - answerthe inability to voluntarily control the passing of fecal contents and
intestinal gas through the anal sphincter
Calculi - answerrenal or kidney stones
Constipation - answercharacterized by the passage of fewer than three bowel movements per week or
by difficulty in passing stools
Creatinine clearance - answertesting that uses 24-hour urine and serum creatine levels to determine the
glomerular filtration rate, which is an indicator of renal function
Defecation - answerthe expulsion of feces from the anus and rectum
Detrusor muscle - answerthe muscle in the wall of the bladder that contracts during urination to release
urine
Dialysis - answera technique by which fluids and molecules pass through a semipermeable membrane
according to the rules of osmosis
Diarrhea - answerthe passage of liquid feces with increased frequency resulting from rapid movement of
fecal contents through the large intestine
Diuresis - answerproduction of abnormally large amounts of urine by the kidneys
,Diuretics - answerincrease urine formation by preventing the reabsorption of water and electrolytes
from renal tubules into the bloodstream
Dysuria - answerpainful or difficult voiding
Elimination - answerthe secretion and excretion of physiologic waste products by the kidneys and
intestines
Enuresis - answerthe involuntary passing of urine when control should be established
Fecal incontinence - answerthe inability to voluntarily control the passing of fecal contents and intestinal
gas through the anal sphincter
Feces - answerthe non-digestible food that is eliminated from the bowel
Flatulence - answerthe presence of excessive flatus in the intestine that leads to inflation and stretching
on the intestines
Flatus - answergas composed of carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
Gastrocolic reflex - answerincreased peristalsis of the colon after food has entered the stomach
Glycosuria - answerthe excretion of carbohydrates into the urine
Hemodialysis - answera process in which the patient's blood flows through vascular catheters, passes by
the dialysis solution in an external machine, and the returns to the patient
Hernia - answera defect in the abdominal wall that allows abdominal contents to protrude outward
,Ileus - answertemporary cessation of intestinal movement
Laxatives - answermedications that stimulate bowel activity and promote fecal elimination
Meatus - answerurinary opening
Meconium - answerformed in utero from the amniotic fluid contents, intestinal secretions, and shed
mucosal cells; can be recognized by its thick, tarry black or dark green appearance
Micturition - answerprocess of emptying the urinary bladder
Neurogenic bladder - answerresults from impaired neurologic function in which patient does not
perceive sensation of bladder fullness and is unable to control urinary sphincters
Nocturia - answervoiding at night or during usual sleep time
Nocturnal enuresis (NE) - answerbedwetting or the involuntary passing of urine during sleep
Oliguria - answerscant urine output
Peristalsis - answerthe wavelike muscular contractions that propel food and digestive products through
the digestive tract
Peritoneal dialysis - answerthe dialysis solution is instilled into the abdominal cavity through a catheter,
allowed to rest there while the fluid and molecules exchange, and then removed from the abdomen
through the catheter
Polydipsia - answera medical condition in which extreme thirst leads to compulsive intake of excessive
amounts of fluid
Polyuria - answerthe production of abnormally amounts of urine by the kidneys
, Renal failure - answerwhen the kidneys cease to produce urine
Residual urine - answerurine that remains in the bladder after voiding
Stool - answera bowel movement; feces
Striae - answerwhite or silvery colored stretch marks
Urgency - answerthe sudden strong desire to void
Urinary frequency - answervoiding at infrequent intervals
Urinary hesitancy - answera delay and difficulty in initiating micturition; often associated with dysuria
Urination - answerprocess of emptying the urinary bladder
Voiding - answerprocess of emptying the urinary bladder
Polyuria - answerAbnormally large amounts of urine
Oliguria - answerScant urine production
Hemodialysis - answerDialysis where the patient's blood flows through vascular catheters, passes by the
dialysis solution in an external machine, and then returns to the patient
Peritoneal dialysis - answerDialysis solution is instilled into the abdominal cavity through a catheter to
rest there while the fluid and molecules exchange, and then removed through the catheter
