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A client is prescribed phenobarbital sodium (Luminal) for a seizure disorder. The medication has a
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long half-life of 4 days. Based on this half-life, the medication will most likely be prescribed
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A. once a day.
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B. twice a day.
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C. three times a day.
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D. four times a day. - CORRECT ANSWERS
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Medication with long half-lives remain at their therapeutic levels between doses for long periods of
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time. Therefore, this medication can be administered once a day.
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A nurse educator is reviewing medication dosages and factors that influence medication
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metabolism with a group of nurses. Medication dosages may need to be decreased for which of
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the following reasons? (Select all that apply.)
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A. Increased renal excretion
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B. Increased medication-metabolizing enzymes
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C. Liver failure
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D. Peripheral vascular disease
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E. Concurrent use of medication metabolized by the same pathway - CORRECT ANSWERS
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ANS: C, E
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Liver failure decreases metabolism and thus increase the concentration of medication. This may
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require decreasing the dosage of medication. When two medications are metabolized in the same
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way, they may compete for metabolism, thereby increasing the concentration of one or both
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medications.
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Increased renal excretion may decrease concentration of the medication, requiring increased
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dosage. Increased medication-metabolizing enzymes can decrease the concentration of the
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medication. The dose might need increased. Peripheral vascular disease may impair distribution,
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and more of the medication may be needed.
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A nurse s preparing to administer eye drops to a client. Which of the following are appropriate
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nursing interventions related to this procedure? (Select all that apply.)
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A. Using medical aseptic technique
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B. Asking the client to look up at the ceiling
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C. Having the client lie in a side-lying position
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D. Dropping medication into the center of the client's conjunctival sac
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E. Instructing the client to close the eye gently - CORRECT ANSWERS
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` ANS:B, D, E Il` Il`
The medication should be dropped into the center of the conjunctival sac to promote better
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distribution of the medication. The client should close the eye gently to allow improved
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distribution of the medication.
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Surgical aseptic technique is used to administer eye drops. The client should be sitting or in a
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supine position to facilitate proper administration of eye drops.
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A nurse is completing discharge teaching to a client who has a new prescription for a transdermal
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medication. Which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding of the
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teaching?
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A. "I will clean the site with an alcohol swab prior to applying the patch."
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B. "I will rotate the application site weekly."
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C. "I will apply the patch to an area of skin with no hair."
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D. "I will place the new patch on the site of the old patch." - CORRECT ANSWERS
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` ANS: C Il`
Transdermal medication should be applied to a hairless area of skin to promote absorption of
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medication.
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The skin should be washed with soap and water and dried thoroughly before applying a
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transdermal patch. Application sites should be rotated on a daily basis to prevent skin irritation.
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A nurse is reviewing a client's health record and notes a new prescription by the provider to verify
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the trough level of the client's medication. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
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A. Have a blood specimen obtained immediately prior to the next dose of medication.
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B. Verify that the client has been on the medication for 24 hr before ordering a blood specimen.
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C. Ask the client to provide a urine specimen after the next dose of medication.
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D. Begin administering the medication, and obtain a blood specimen. - CORRECT ANSWERS
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ANS: A
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To verify trough levels of a medication, a blood specimen is obtained immediately before the next
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dose of medication.
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A nurse is preparing a client's medication. Which of the following are legal responsibilities of the
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nurse? (Select all that apply.)
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A. Maintaining skill competency
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B. Determining the dosage
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C. Monitoring for adverse effects
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D. Safeguarding medications
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E. Identifying the client's diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWERS
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Determining medication dosage and identifying a diagnosis is the role/responsibility of the
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provider. The nurse should be informed about a client's diagnosis.
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A nurse is reviewing a client's health record and notes a new prescription by the provider for
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lisinopril (Zestril) 10 mg PO every day. The nurse should recognize this as which of the following
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types of prescription?
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A. Single prescription
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B. Stat prescription
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C. Routine prescription
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D. Standing prescription - CORRECT ANSWERS
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A routine prescription identifies a medication that is given on a regular schedule. This medication
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is administered every day until discontinued.
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A single prescription is to be given once at a specified time or as soon as possible. A stat
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prescription is only given once, and it is given immediately. A standing prescription is written for
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specific circumstances or a specific unit.
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A nurse is reviewing a new prescription for ondansetron (Zofran) 4 mg PO PRN nausea and
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vomiting for a client who has hyperemesis gravidarum. The nurse should clarify which of the
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following parts of the prescription with the provider?
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A. Name Il`
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B. Dosage Il`
C. Route Il`
D. Time - CORRECT ANSWERS
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The time and frequency of medication administration is not included and should be clarified with
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the provider.
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A nurse is orienting a newly hired nurse and discussing how to take telephone prescription. Which
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of the following statements by the newly hired nurse indicates understanding of the discussion?
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A. "A second nurse enters the prescription into the client's health record."
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B. "Another nurse should listen to the phone call."
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C. "The provider can clarify the prescription when he signs the health record."
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D. "The 'read back' is omitted if this is a one-time prescription." - CORRECT ANSWERS
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` ANS: B
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The second nurse should listen to a telephone prescription to prevent errors in communication.
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The nurse who takes the telephone prescription should enter it into the client's health record to
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prevent errors in translation. The nurse verifies the prescription is complete and accurate at the
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time it is given by reading it back to the provider. A telephone prescription includes reading back
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all types of medication prescription.
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A nurse on a medical unit is admitting a client and completing a preassessment before
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administration of medications. Which of the following data should the nurse include in the
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preassessment? (Select all that apply.)
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A. Use of herbal teas
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B. Daily fluid intake
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C. Current health status
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D. Previous surgical history
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E. Food allergies - CORRECT ANSWERS
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`ANS: A, C, E Il` Il` Il`
Use of herbal product,s which often contains caffeine, should be assessed prior to medication
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administration because caffeine can affect medication biotransformation. Current health status
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should be reviewed because new prescriptions can cause alterations in current health status.
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Food allergies should be included in the preassessment that is completed prior to medication
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administration to identify any potential interactions.
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