Nursk 615k Pharmk Examk 1k k Maryvillek Questionsk Andk Correctk Verifiedk Answersk Latestk Upd atek 2024/2025k Bestk Examk Topk Rankedk Tok Scorek A+k Fork Success

Nurs 615 Pharm Exam 1 –
k k k k k



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Howkdoeskhypoalbuminemiakaffectkthekprocesskofkprescribing?k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkLowkalbumink=kmorekfreekdrugk(bckthekdrugkcan'tkbindktokalbuminkakakpr

otein)k=kincreasedkadversekeffects


WhatkiskakBlackkBoxkWarning:k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkiskconsideredkakcontraindicationktokadministerkthatkdrug.




Whatkiskthekdrugskhalf-life?k-kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkHalf-
lifekspecificallykmeanskthekamountkofktimekitktakeskforkankadministeredkdrugktokbekhalfwaykclea
redkfromktheksystem.


Peakkofkaction:k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkthektimekbetweenkdrugkadministration kandkmaximumkconcentration kofk

drugkinkthekbloodkstream.kBestktherapeutickeffect.


Durationkofkaction:k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkthektimekbetweenkonsetkofkactionkandkmetabolismkofkdrugkbelowkthekmi

nimumkneededkforkankeffect.kTheklengthkofktimekyoukhavekthekdrugkinkyourksystem.


AccordingktokthekWHOkwhatkiskthekfirstkstepkinkthekprescribingkprocess?k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkThekfirstkstepkisktokdefinekthekpatient'skproblem




Theksecondkstepkisktok-kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkspecifykthektherapeutickobjective


Thekthirdkstepkisktok-kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkchoosekwhichkdrugkorktreatmentkiskneeded.


Stepk4kofkthekWHOkapproach:k-kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkStartkthektreatment


Stepk5kofkthekWHOkapproach:k-kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkEducatekthekpatient


Stepk6kofkthekWHOkapproach:k-kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkMonitorkthektreatment


Phasek1kofkdrugkdevelopment:k-kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkThekdrugkisktestedkonkhealthykvolunteers

,Nurs 615 Pharm Exam 1 –
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Phasek2kofkdrugkdevelopment:k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkktrialskwithkpeoplekwhokhavekthekdiseasekforkwhichkthekdrugkiskthoughtkto

kbekeffective




Phasek3kofkdrugkdevelopment:k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkLargeknumberskofkpatientskinkmedicalkresearchkcenterskreceivekthekdrugki

nkphasek3.kThisklargerksamplingkprovideskinformationkaboutkinfrequentkorkrarekadversekeffects.k
ThekFFAkwillkapprovekaknewkdrugkapplicationkifkphasek3kstudieskareksatisfactory.


Phasek4kofkdrugkdevelopment:k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkThiskphasekiskvoluntarykandkinvolveskpostmarketksurveillancekofkthekdrug

'sktherapeutickeffectskatkthekcompletionkofkphasek3.kThekpharmaceuticalkcompanykreceiveskrep
ortskfromkdoctorskandkotherkhealthkcarekprofessionalskaboutkthektherapeutickresultskandkadver
sekeffectskofkthekdrug.kSomekmedications,kforkexample,khavekbeenkfoundktokbektoxickandkhavekb
eenkremovedkfromkthekmarketkafterktheirkinitialkrelease.


Explainkfirstkpasskmetabolismk-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkmuchkofkthekdrugkisklostkinkthekabsorptionkprocess.kThekliverkmetabolizes

kmanykdrugs,kthuskreduceskthekbioavailabiltykofkthekdrug.




Whatkiskthekfastedkroutekofkabsorption:k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkThekfastestkroutekofkabsorptionkiskinhalation,kandknotkaskmistakenlykcons

ideredkthekIVkadministration.


WhykdoeskthekGIktractktakeklongerktokabsorb?k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkThekGIktractkisklinedkwithkepithelialkcells;kdrugskmustkpermeatekthroughkt

hesekcellskinkorderktokbekabsorbedkintokthekcirculatoryksystem.


WhatkiskOnekparticularkcellularkbarrierkthatkmaykpreventkabsorptionkofkakgivenkdrug?k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkthekcellkmembrane.kCellkmembraneskarekessentiallyklipidkbilayerskwhichkf

ormkaksemipermeablekmembrane.kPureklipidkbilayerskarekgenerallykpermeablekonlyktoksmallkan
dkunchargedksolutes,khencekwhetherkorknotkakmoleculekiskionizedkwillkaffectkitskabsorption,ksinc
ekionickmoleculeskarekcharged.


Whatkisksolubility?k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkSolubilitykfavorskchargedkspecies,kpermeabilitykfavorskneutralkspecies.kS

, Nurs 615 Pharm Exam 1 –
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Maryville Questions And Correct Verified Answers Latest Upd
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k k k k k k k k k k


omekmoleculeskhavekspecialkexchangekproteinskandkchannelsktokfacilitatekmovementkfromkthek
lumenkintokthekcirculation.


Whykdoeskabsorptionkoccurkatkakslowerkratekforkoral,kIM,kSQkroutes?k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkAbsorptionkoccurskatkakslowerkratekbecausekthekcomplexkmembraneksyst

emskofkGIkmucosalklayers,kmuscle,kandkskinkdelaykdrugkpassage.


Thekabilitykofkakdrugktokcrosskakcellkmembranekdependskon:k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkwhetherkthekdrugkiskwaterkorklipidk(fat)ksoluble.kLipid-

solublekdrugskeasilykcrosskthroughkcellkmembranes;kwater-solublekdrugskcan't.kLipid-
solublekdrugskcankalsokcrosskthekblood-brainkbarrierkandkenterkthekbrain.


Askakdrugktravelskthroughkthekbody,kitkcomeskinkcontactkwith?k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkproteinsksuchkaskthekplasmakproteinkalbumin.kThekdrugkcankremainkfreek

orkbindktokthekprotein.kThekportionkofkakdrugkthat'skboundktokakproteinkiskinactivekandkcan'tkexe
rtkaktherapeutickeffect.kOnlykthekfree,korkunbound,kportionkremainskactive.kAkdrugkisksaidktokbek
highlykprotein-boundkifkmorekthank80%kofkthekdrugkiskboundktokprotein.


Identifykdrugkmetabolismkandkthekrolekofkisoenzymeskinkthekp450ksystemk-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkCYPskarekthekarekthekmajorkenzymeskinvolvedkinkdrugkmetabolismkaccou

ntingkforkaboutk75%kofkthektotalkmetabolism.


NaturallykoccurringkcompoundskmaykinducekorkinhibitkCYPkactivity.k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkForkexample,kbioactivekcompoundskfoundkinkgrapefruitkjuicekandksomeko

therkfruitkjuiceskincludingkdihydroxykforgottenkandkparasitinkAkhavekbeenkfoundktokinhibitkCYP3
a4kmediatedkmetabolismkofkcertainkmedicationskleadingktokincreasedkbioavailabilitykandkthekst
rongkpossibilitykofkoverdosing.


WhatkdoeskgrapefruitkhavektokdokwithkCYP?k-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkGrapefruitkiskankinhibitorkandkwillkdecreasekthekmetabolismkofkdrugskbykt

hekcypkenzymes


Whenk2kdrugskarekbothkmetabolizedkbykthekp450ksystemkthekdrugkshouldkbek-
kkCORRECTkANSWERSkkadministeredkatkseparatektimesktokpreventkthekmetabolismkofkonekdrugkr

esultingkinktoxickeffectskofkthekotherkdrug.k(becausekitkwouldkhaveklesskproteinktokbindktoo,kthus
kmorekfreekfloatingkdrug)