//Exam 2: NUR2063 / NUR 2063 V1 (Latest 2025
/ 2026 Update) Essentials of Pathophysiology |
Questions and Verified Answers | 100 out of 100 |
Grade A – Rasmussen.
Question:
What is gastritis?
Answer:
Inflammation of the stomach lining. The lining will be red and inflamed and irritated
Question:
What are the causes of gastritis?
Answer:
Ingestion of irritating substances such a alcohol, aspirin, NSAIDS, viruses and bacteria
Question:
What is GERD?
Answer:
the back flow of gastric contents into the esophagus through the lower esophageal sphincter. The
inflammation occurs from the reflex of highly acidic stomach acid that comes up.
,Question:
What are the causes of GERD?
Answer:
Any condition or agent that alters closure of the lower esophageal sphincter or increases in
abdominal pressure, fatty food, caffeine, large amounts of alcohol, smoking, pregnancy and
anatomical features like hiatal hernia
Question:
What are complications of GERD?
Answer:
Barrett's esophagus where columnar tissue replaces normal squamous tissue in the distal
esophagus that carries a high risk for cancer. Progression can lead to ulcers and scarring.
Esophageal strictures, pulmonary symptoms such as cough, asthma and laryngitis from reflux in
breathing passages.
Question:
What are the signs and symptoms of peptic ulcer disease?
Answer:
epigastric burning pain that is usually relieved by food or antacids (gastric ulcers present on
empty stomach but can be after food, duodenal ulcers present 2-3 hours after food and is relieved
by food). Can also be life threatening as GI bleeding can occur without warning and cause a drop
in H/H and dark tarry stools and hematemesis.
Question:
What is the role of H.pylori in peptic ulcer disease?
Answer:
, promotes both gastric and duodenal ulcer formation and thrives in acidic areas. It slows down
ulcer healing and can reoccur frequently, and taking it away can help ulcers heal.
Question:
What is pseudomembranous colitis?(C.diff)
Answer:
acute inflammation and necrosis of large intestine. The intestinal lining cannot absorb well.
Question:
What is the cause of pseudomembranous colitis?
Answer:
clostridium difficile, exposure to long term antibiotics that off set the e.coli and c.diff balance in
intestine
Question:
What are the manifestations of pseudomembranous colitis?
Answer:
foul smelling/bloody stool, abdominal pain, fever, leukocytosis, sepsis, colonic perforation.
Question:
How do we treat pseudomembranous colitis?
Answer:
stop current antibiotics, treat ischemia and contributing conditions, give oral antibiotics like
metronidazole or vancomycin, fecal transplant or colectomy if severe
/ 2026 Update) Essentials of Pathophysiology |
Questions and Verified Answers | 100 out of 100 |
Grade A – Rasmussen.
Question:
What is gastritis?
Answer:
Inflammation of the stomach lining. The lining will be red and inflamed and irritated
Question:
What are the causes of gastritis?
Answer:
Ingestion of irritating substances such a alcohol, aspirin, NSAIDS, viruses and bacteria
Question:
What is GERD?
Answer:
the back flow of gastric contents into the esophagus through the lower esophageal sphincter. The
inflammation occurs from the reflex of highly acidic stomach acid that comes up.
,Question:
What are the causes of GERD?
Answer:
Any condition or agent that alters closure of the lower esophageal sphincter or increases in
abdominal pressure, fatty food, caffeine, large amounts of alcohol, smoking, pregnancy and
anatomical features like hiatal hernia
Question:
What are complications of GERD?
Answer:
Barrett's esophagus where columnar tissue replaces normal squamous tissue in the distal
esophagus that carries a high risk for cancer. Progression can lead to ulcers and scarring.
Esophageal strictures, pulmonary symptoms such as cough, asthma and laryngitis from reflux in
breathing passages.
Question:
What are the signs and symptoms of peptic ulcer disease?
Answer:
epigastric burning pain that is usually relieved by food or antacids (gastric ulcers present on
empty stomach but can be after food, duodenal ulcers present 2-3 hours after food and is relieved
by food). Can also be life threatening as GI bleeding can occur without warning and cause a drop
in H/H and dark tarry stools and hematemesis.
Question:
What is the role of H.pylori in peptic ulcer disease?
Answer:
, promotes both gastric and duodenal ulcer formation and thrives in acidic areas. It slows down
ulcer healing and can reoccur frequently, and taking it away can help ulcers heal.
Question:
What is pseudomembranous colitis?(C.diff)
Answer:
acute inflammation and necrosis of large intestine. The intestinal lining cannot absorb well.
Question:
What is the cause of pseudomembranous colitis?
Answer:
clostridium difficile, exposure to long term antibiotics that off set the e.coli and c.diff balance in
intestine
Question:
What are the manifestations of pseudomembranous colitis?
Answer:
foul smelling/bloody stool, abdominal pain, fever, leukocytosis, sepsis, colonic perforation.
Question:
How do we treat pseudomembranous colitis?
Answer:
stop current antibiotics, treat ischemia and contributing conditions, give oral antibiotics like
metronidazole or vancomycin, fecal transplant or colectomy if severe
