BIO 201 Exam #3 Review: Chapter 11
(Muscular Tissue) & 12 (Nervous Tissue)
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Spastic Paralysis - CORRECT ANSWER - State of continual contraction of the muscles;
possible suffocation.
Tetanus - CORRECT ANSWER - (Lockjaw) a form of spastic paralysis caused by toxin
"Clostridium tetani".
Glycine - CORRECT ANSWER - (Neurotransmitter) found in the spinal cord, normally
stopping motor neurons from producing unwanted muscle contractions.
Tetanus Toxin - CORRECT ANSWER - Blocks glycine release in the spinal cord and
causes overstimulation & spastic paralysis of the muscles.
Flaccid Paralysis - CORRECT ANSWER - A state in which muscles are limp and cannot
contract.
Curare - CORRECT ANSWER - Competes with ACh for receptor sites but does not
stimulate the muscles. Used in anesthetics.
Botulism - CORRECT ANSWER - A type of food poisoning caused by a neurotransmitter
toxin secreted by bacterium "Clostridium botulinum". Blocks initial release of ACh causing
flaccid paralysis.
Length-Tension Relationship - CORRECT ANSWER - The amount of tension generated
by a muscle depends on how stretched or shortened it was prior to stimulation.
,Optimum resting-length - CORRECT ANSWER - Produces greatest force when muscle
contracts.
Rigor Mortis - CORRECT ANSWER - Hardening of muscles and stiffening of body
beginning 3-4hrs after death. Muscles contract but cannot relax.
Deteriorating Sarcoplasmic Reticulum - CORRECT ANSWER - Releases Ca+2 to enter
cytosol.
Muscle Relaxation - CORRECT ANSWER - Requires new ATP (ATP production is not
produced after death). Fibers remain contracted until myofilaments begin to decay.
Myogram - CORRECT ANSWER - Chart of timing and strength of a muscle's contraction.
Threshold - CORRECT ANSWER - Minimum voltage necessary to generate an action
potential in the muscle fiber & produces a contraction.
Twitch - CORRECT ANSWER - A quick cycle of contraction & relaxation when stimulus
is at threshold or higher.
Latent Period - CORRECT ANSWER - Very brief delay between stimulus and
contraction.
Contraction Phase - CORRECT ANSWER - Time when muscle generates external
tension. Force can overcome the load and cause movement.
Relaxation Phase - CORRECT ANSWER - Time when tension declines to baseline. SR
reabsorbs Ca+2. Myosin releases actin. Tension decreases; longer contraction.
ATP Supply - CORRECT ANSWER - Depends on availability of Oxygen and Organic
energy sources (glucose & fatty acids).
, Anaerobic Fermentation - CORRECT ANSWER - Enables cells to produce ATP in the
absence of oxygen. Yields little ATP and lactate, which needs to be disposed of by the liver.
Aerobic Respiration - CORRECT ANSWER - Produces far more ATP than anaerobic
form. Does not generate lactate & requires continual supply of oxygen.
Myokinase - CORRECT ANSWER - Transfers P, from one ADP to another, converting
the latter to ATP.
Creatine Kinase - CORRECT ANSWER - P, from a phosphate-storage molecule "Creatine
Phosphate" (CP) & gives it to ADP.
Phosphagen System - CORRECT ANSWER - The combination of (ATP and CP) which
provides nearly all energy for short bursts of activity. Enough energy for 6s of sprinting.
Anaerobic Threshold - CORRECT ANSWER - (Lactate threshold) The point at which
lactate becomes detectable in the blood.
Glycogen - CORRECT ANSWER - (Lactate System) The pathway from glycogen to
lactate Produces enough ATP for 30-40s of maximum activity.
Muscle Fatigue - CORRECT ANSWER - Progressive weakness from prolonged use of
muscles.
High-Intensity Fatigue - CORRECT ANSWER - Potassium accumulation in the T-tubules
reduces excitability. Excess ADP and P1 slow cross-bridge movements, inhibit calcium release
and decrease force production in myofibrils.
Low-Intensity Fatigue - CORRECT ANSWER - Fuel depletion as glycogen and glucose
levels decline. Electrolyte loss through sweat can decrease muscle excitability.
(Muscular Tissue) & 12 (Nervous Tissue)
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Spastic Paralysis - CORRECT ANSWER - State of continual contraction of the muscles;
possible suffocation.
Tetanus - CORRECT ANSWER - (Lockjaw) a form of spastic paralysis caused by toxin
"Clostridium tetani".
Glycine - CORRECT ANSWER - (Neurotransmitter) found in the spinal cord, normally
stopping motor neurons from producing unwanted muscle contractions.
Tetanus Toxin - CORRECT ANSWER - Blocks glycine release in the spinal cord and
causes overstimulation & spastic paralysis of the muscles.
Flaccid Paralysis - CORRECT ANSWER - A state in which muscles are limp and cannot
contract.
Curare - CORRECT ANSWER - Competes with ACh for receptor sites but does not
stimulate the muscles. Used in anesthetics.
Botulism - CORRECT ANSWER - A type of food poisoning caused by a neurotransmitter
toxin secreted by bacterium "Clostridium botulinum". Blocks initial release of ACh causing
flaccid paralysis.
Length-Tension Relationship - CORRECT ANSWER - The amount of tension generated
by a muscle depends on how stretched or shortened it was prior to stimulation.
,Optimum resting-length - CORRECT ANSWER - Produces greatest force when muscle
contracts.
Rigor Mortis - CORRECT ANSWER - Hardening of muscles and stiffening of body
beginning 3-4hrs after death. Muscles contract but cannot relax.
Deteriorating Sarcoplasmic Reticulum - CORRECT ANSWER - Releases Ca+2 to enter
cytosol.
Muscle Relaxation - CORRECT ANSWER - Requires new ATP (ATP production is not
produced after death). Fibers remain contracted until myofilaments begin to decay.
Myogram - CORRECT ANSWER - Chart of timing and strength of a muscle's contraction.
Threshold - CORRECT ANSWER - Minimum voltage necessary to generate an action
potential in the muscle fiber & produces a contraction.
Twitch - CORRECT ANSWER - A quick cycle of contraction & relaxation when stimulus
is at threshold or higher.
Latent Period - CORRECT ANSWER - Very brief delay between stimulus and
contraction.
Contraction Phase - CORRECT ANSWER - Time when muscle generates external
tension. Force can overcome the load and cause movement.
Relaxation Phase - CORRECT ANSWER - Time when tension declines to baseline. SR
reabsorbs Ca+2. Myosin releases actin. Tension decreases; longer contraction.
ATP Supply - CORRECT ANSWER - Depends on availability of Oxygen and Organic
energy sources (glucose & fatty acids).
, Anaerobic Fermentation - CORRECT ANSWER - Enables cells to produce ATP in the
absence of oxygen. Yields little ATP and lactate, which needs to be disposed of by the liver.
Aerobic Respiration - CORRECT ANSWER - Produces far more ATP than anaerobic
form. Does not generate lactate & requires continual supply of oxygen.
Myokinase - CORRECT ANSWER - Transfers P, from one ADP to another, converting
the latter to ATP.
Creatine Kinase - CORRECT ANSWER - P, from a phosphate-storage molecule "Creatine
Phosphate" (CP) & gives it to ADP.
Phosphagen System - CORRECT ANSWER - The combination of (ATP and CP) which
provides nearly all energy for short bursts of activity. Enough energy for 6s of sprinting.
Anaerobic Threshold - CORRECT ANSWER - (Lactate threshold) The point at which
lactate becomes detectable in the blood.
Glycogen - CORRECT ANSWER - (Lactate System) The pathway from glycogen to
lactate Produces enough ATP for 30-40s of maximum activity.
Muscle Fatigue - CORRECT ANSWER - Progressive weakness from prolonged use of
muscles.
High-Intensity Fatigue - CORRECT ANSWER - Potassium accumulation in the T-tubules
reduces excitability. Excess ADP and P1 slow cross-bridge movements, inhibit calcium release
and decrease force production in myofibrils.
Low-Intensity Fatigue - CORRECT ANSWER - Fuel depletion as glycogen and glucose
levels decline. Electrolyte loss through sweat can decrease muscle excitability.
