,Chapter 01: Introduction to Preliminary Diagnosis of Oral Lesions Ibsen:
d d d d d d d d d
Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, 7th Edition
d d d d d d d d
MULTIPLE CHOICE d
1. Which descriptive term is described as a segment that is part of the whole?
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
a. Bulla
b. Vesicle
c. Lobule
d. Pustule
ANS: C d
A lobule is described as a segment or lobe that is part of a whole. A bulla is a large, elevated lesion
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
that contains serous fluid and may look like a blister. A vesicle is a small, elevated lesion that
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
contains serous fluid. Pustules are circumscribed elevations containing pus.
d d d d d d d d d
REF: Vocabulary, Clinical of Soft Tissue Lesions, page 1
d d d d d d d d OBJ: d d 1
2. A lesion with a sessile base is described as
d d d d d d d d
a. an ulcer. d
b. stemlike.
c. pedunculated.
d. flat and broad. d d
ANS: D d
Sessile describes the base of a lesion that is flat and broad. An ulcer is a break in the surface
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
epithelium. A stemlike lesion is referred to as pedunculated. A pedunculated lesion is stemlike or
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
stalk-based (similar to a mushroom).
d d d d d
REF: Vocabulary, Clinical Appearance of Soft Tissue Lesions, page 1
d d d d d d d d d
OBJ: 1
d d
3. Which condition is not diagnosed through clinical appearance?
d d d d d d d
a. Mandibular tori d
b. Fordyce granules d
c. Black hairy tongue d d
d. Compound odontoma d
ANS: D d
The compound odontoma is initially identified radiographically as a radiopaque area in which
d d d d d d d d d d d d
tooth structure can be identified. No clinical component exists. Mandibular tori are identified
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
clinically as areas of exostosis on the lingual aspects of mandibular premolars. Fordyce
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
granules are yellow clusters of ectopic sebaceous glands diagnosed through clinical
d d d d d d d d d d d
appearance. Black hairy tongue is diagnosed clinically. The filiform papillae on the dorsal
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
tongue elongate and become brown or black. Causes include tobacco, alcohol, hydrogen
d d d d d d d d d d d d
peroxide, chemical rinses, antibiotics, and antacids.
d d d d d d
REF: d Radiographic Diagnosis, page 9 d d d OBJ: d d 3
4. Another name for geographic tongue is
d d d d d
, a. median rhomboid glossitis. d d
b. benign migratory glossitis. d d
c. fissured tongue. d
d. black hairy tongue. d d
ANS: B d
Benign migratory glossitis is another name for geographic tongue. Research suggests that
d d d d d d d d d d d
median rhomboid glossitis is associated with a chronic fungal infection from Candida albicans.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Sometimes the condition resolves with antifungal therapy. Fissured tongue is seen in 5% of the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
population. It is a variant of normal. Genetic factors are typically associated with the condition.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Black hairy tongue is caused by a reaction to chemicals, tobacco, hydrogen peroxide, or
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
antacids. The filiform papillae on the dorsal tongue become elongated and are dark brown to
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
black.
d
REF: Geographic Tongue, page 24
d d d d OBJ: d d 7
5. This bony hard structure in the midline of the hard palate is genetic in origin and inherited in an
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
autosomal dominant manner. The diagnosis is made through clinical appearance. Which
d d d d d d d d d d d
condition is suspected?
d d d
a. Palatal cyst d
b. Torus palatinus d
c. Mixed tumor d
d. Ranula
ANS: B d
A torus palatinus is developmental and bony hard and is found on the midline of the palate.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical appearance. A palatal cyst appears radiolucent on a
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
radiographic examination and is not diagnosed through clinical appearance. A mixed tumor or
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
pleomorphic adenoma is a benign tumor of salivary gland origin, found unilaterally off the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
midline of the hard palate. It is composed of tumor tissue that is not bony hard to palpation.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Ranula is a term used for a mucocele-like lesion that forms unilaterally on the floor of the mouth.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
REF: Torus Palatinus, page 21
d d d d OBJ: d d 4
6. The gray-white opalescent film seen on the buccal mucosa of 85% of black adults is a variant of
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
d normal that requires no treatment and is termed
d d d d d d d
a. linea alba. d
b. leukoedema.
c. leukoplakia.
d. white sponge nevus. d d
ANS: B d
Leukoedema is a diffuse opalescence most commonly seen on the buccal mucosa in black
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
individuals. Linea alba is a ―white line‖ that extends anteroposteriorly on the buccal mucosa
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
along the occlusal plane. It is most prominent in patients who have a clenching or grinding
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
habit. Leukoplakia is a clinical term for a white lesion, the cause of which is unknown. White
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
sponge nevus is a genetic (autosomal dominant) trait. Clinically, it is characterized by a soft
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
white, folded (or corrugated) oral mucosa. A thick layer of keratin produces the whitening.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
REF: Leukoedema, page 23
d d d d OBJ: d d 8
, 7. Which condition most likely responds to therapeutic diagnosis?
d d d d d d d
a. Angular cheilitis d
b. Amelogenesis imperfecta d
c. Paget disease d
d. Stafne bone cyst d d
ANS: A d
Angular cheilitis most commonly responds to antifungal therapy once nutritional deficiencies
d d d d d d d d d d
have been ruled out. Amelogenesis imperfecta is a genetic condition associated with abnormal
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
development of the enamel. Paget disease is a chronic metabolic bone disease. A highly
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level contributes significantly to the diagnosis. A Stafne
d d d d d d d d d d d d
bone cyst is determined through surgical diagnosis in which entrapped salivary gland tissue is
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
identified.
d
REF: d Therapeutic Diagnosis, page 18 d d d OBJ: d d 3
8. The gingival enlargement in this patient was caused by a calcium channel blocker. Which
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
medication is the likely cause?
d d d d d
a. Dilantin
b. Nifedipine
c. Quinidine
d. Clozapine
ANS: B d
Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker. Dilantin is an anticonvulsant used to prevent or control
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
seizures. Quinidine is an antiarrhythmic agent used to treat cardiac arrhythmias. Clozapine is
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
an antipsychotic used in the management of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia.
d d d d d d d d d d d
REF: d Historical Diagnosis, Fig. 1.38, page 17 d d d d d OBJ: d d 3
9. Radiographic features, including cotton-wool radiopacities and hypercementosis, are
d d d d d d d
especially helpful in the diagnosis of
d d d d d d
a. Paget disease. d
b. dentinogenesis imperfecta. d
c. anemia.
d. diabetes.
ANS: A d
Paget disease is a chronic metabolic bone disease. Radiographically, cotton-wool radiopacities
d d d d d d d d d d
and hypercementosis are characteristic features. Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a genetic
d d d d d d d d d d
condition involving a defect in the development of dentin. Anemia, a decrease in red blood cells,
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
requires blood tests to determine the etiologic factors. Diabetes is a chronic disorder of
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
carbohydrate metabolism characterized by abnormally high blood glucose levels.
d d d d d d d d d
REF: d Laboratory Diagnosis, Fig. 1.40, pages 16, 18 d d d d d d OBJ: d d 3
10. In internal resorption, the radiolucency seen on radiographic examination is usually
d d d d d d d d d d
a. well circumscribed. d
b. diffuse.
d d d d d d d d d
Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, 7th Edition
d d d d d d d d
MULTIPLE CHOICE d
1. Which descriptive term is described as a segment that is part of the whole?
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
a. Bulla
b. Vesicle
c. Lobule
d. Pustule
ANS: C d
A lobule is described as a segment or lobe that is part of a whole. A bulla is a large, elevated lesion
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
that contains serous fluid and may look like a blister. A vesicle is a small, elevated lesion that
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
contains serous fluid. Pustules are circumscribed elevations containing pus.
d d d d d d d d d
REF: Vocabulary, Clinical of Soft Tissue Lesions, page 1
d d d d d d d d OBJ: d d 1
2. A lesion with a sessile base is described as
d d d d d d d d
a. an ulcer. d
b. stemlike.
c. pedunculated.
d. flat and broad. d d
ANS: D d
Sessile describes the base of a lesion that is flat and broad. An ulcer is a break in the surface
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
epithelium. A stemlike lesion is referred to as pedunculated. A pedunculated lesion is stemlike or
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
stalk-based (similar to a mushroom).
d d d d d
REF: Vocabulary, Clinical Appearance of Soft Tissue Lesions, page 1
d d d d d d d d d
OBJ: 1
d d
3. Which condition is not diagnosed through clinical appearance?
d d d d d d d
a. Mandibular tori d
b. Fordyce granules d
c. Black hairy tongue d d
d. Compound odontoma d
ANS: D d
The compound odontoma is initially identified radiographically as a radiopaque area in which
d d d d d d d d d d d d
tooth structure can be identified. No clinical component exists. Mandibular tori are identified
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
clinically as areas of exostosis on the lingual aspects of mandibular premolars. Fordyce
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
granules are yellow clusters of ectopic sebaceous glands diagnosed through clinical
d d d d d d d d d d d
appearance. Black hairy tongue is diagnosed clinically. The filiform papillae on the dorsal
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
tongue elongate and become brown or black. Causes include tobacco, alcohol, hydrogen
d d d d d d d d d d d d
peroxide, chemical rinses, antibiotics, and antacids.
d d d d d d
REF: d Radiographic Diagnosis, page 9 d d d OBJ: d d 3
4. Another name for geographic tongue is
d d d d d
, a. median rhomboid glossitis. d d
b. benign migratory glossitis. d d
c. fissured tongue. d
d. black hairy tongue. d d
ANS: B d
Benign migratory glossitis is another name for geographic tongue. Research suggests that
d d d d d d d d d d d
median rhomboid glossitis is associated with a chronic fungal infection from Candida albicans.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Sometimes the condition resolves with antifungal therapy. Fissured tongue is seen in 5% of the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
population. It is a variant of normal. Genetic factors are typically associated with the condition.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Black hairy tongue is caused by a reaction to chemicals, tobacco, hydrogen peroxide, or
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
antacids. The filiform papillae on the dorsal tongue become elongated and are dark brown to
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
black.
d
REF: Geographic Tongue, page 24
d d d d OBJ: d d 7
5. This bony hard structure in the midline of the hard palate is genetic in origin and inherited in an
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
autosomal dominant manner. The diagnosis is made through clinical appearance. Which
d d d d d d d d d d d
condition is suspected?
d d d
a. Palatal cyst d
b. Torus palatinus d
c. Mixed tumor d
d. Ranula
ANS: B d
A torus palatinus is developmental and bony hard and is found on the midline of the palate.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical appearance. A palatal cyst appears radiolucent on a
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
radiographic examination and is not diagnosed through clinical appearance. A mixed tumor or
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
pleomorphic adenoma is a benign tumor of salivary gland origin, found unilaterally off the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
midline of the hard palate. It is composed of tumor tissue that is not bony hard to palpation.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Ranula is a term used for a mucocele-like lesion that forms unilaterally on the floor of the mouth.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
REF: Torus Palatinus, page 21
d d d d OBJ: d d 4
6. The gray-white opalescent film seen on the buccal mucosa of 85% of black adults is a variant of
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
d normal that requires no treatment and is termed
d d d d d d d
a. linea alba. d
b. leukoedema.
c. leukoplakia.
d. white sponge nevus. d d
ANS: B d
Leukoedema is a diffuse opalescence most commonly seen on the buccal mucosa in black
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
individuals. Linea alba is a ―white line‖ that extends anteroposteriorly on the buccal mucosa
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
along the occlusal plane. It is most prominent in patients who have a clenching or grinding
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
habit. Leukoplakia is a clinical term for a white lesion, the cause of which is unknown. White
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
sponge nevus is a genetic (autosomal dominant) trait. Clinically, it is characterized by a soft
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
white, folded (or corrugated) oral mucosa. A thick layer of keratin produces the whitening.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
REF: Leukoedema, page 23
d d d d OBJ: d d 8
, 7. Which condition most likely responds to therapeutic diagnosis?
d d d d d d d
a. Angular cheilitis d
b. Amelogenesis imperfecta d
c. Paget disease d
d. Stafne bone cyst d d
ANS: A d
Angular cheilitis most commonly responds to antifungal therapy once nutritional deficiencies
d d d d d d d d d d
have been ruled out. Amelogenesis imperfecta is a genetic condition associated with abnormal
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
development of the enamel. Paget disease is a chronic metabolic bone disease. A highly
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level contributes significantly to the diagnosis. A Stafne
d d d d d d d d d d d d
bone cyst is determined through surgical diagnosis in which entrapped salivary gland tissue is
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
identified.
d
REF: d Therapeutic Diagnosis, page 18 d d d OBJ: d d 3
8. The gingival enlargement in this patient was caused by a calcium channel blocker. Which
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
medication is the likely cause?
d d d d d
a. Dilantin
b. Nifedipine
c. Quinidine
d. Clozapine
ANS: B d
Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker. Dilantin is an anticonvulsant used to prevent or control
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
seizures. Quinidine is an antiarrhythmic agent used to treat cardiac arrhythmias. Clozapine is
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
an antipsychotic used in the management of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia.
d d d d d d d d d d d
REF: d Historical Diagnosis, Fig. 1.38, page 17 d d d d d OBJ: d d 3
9. Radiographic features, including cotton-wool radiopacities and hypercementosis, are
d d d d d d d
especially helpful in the diagnosis of
d d d d d d
a. Paget disease. d
b. dentinogenesis imperfecta. d
c. anemia.
d. diabetes.
ANS: A d
Paget disease is a chronic metabolic bone disease. Radiographically, cotton-wool radiopacities
d d d d d d d d d d
and hypercementosis are characteristic features. Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a genetic
d d d d d d d d d d
condition involving a defect in the development of dentin. Anemia, a decrease in red blood cells,
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
requires blood tests to determine the etiologic factors. Diabetes is a chronic disorder of
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
carbohydrate metabolism characterized by abnormally high blood glucose levels.
d d d d d d d d d
REF: d Laboratory Diagnosis, Fig. 1.40, pages 16, 18 d d d d d d OBJ: d d 3
10. In internal resorption, the radiolucency seen on radiographic examination is usually
d d d d d d d d d d
a. well circumscribed. d
b. diffuse.
