,
,HILLEGASS: ESSENTIALS OF
CARDIOPULMONARY PHYSICAL THERAPY, 3RD
EDITION
Chapter 1: Anatomy of the Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICES
1. Which of the following chest wall structures is located level with the second costal cartilage
interiorly and thoracic vertebra T4 and T5 posterior?
A. Sternal angle
B. Jugular notch
C. Xiphoid process
D. Third costal cartilage
ANS: A
The sternal angle of the “angle of Louis” is level with the second costal cartilage interiorly and
thoracic vertebrae T4 and T5 posterior.
PTS: 1
2. Pectus excuvatum is BEST described as:
A. Deformity of the sternum caused by trauma
B. Caved-in appearance of the chest
C. Diminished rib angle interiorly
D. Conical shape of the thoracic cage
ANS: B
Pectus excuvatum is a common congenital deformity of the anterior wall of the chest, in which
several ribs and the sternum grow abnormally; it produces a caved-in or sunken appearance of
the chest.
PTS: 1
3. The true ribs are BEST defined by which of the following statements?
A. Vertebrochondral ribs
B. Vertebrosternal ribs
C. Ribs 11 and 12
D. Ribs 8, 9, and 10
ANS: B
The first seven ribs attach via their costal cartilages to the sternum and are called the true ribs
(also known as the Vertebrosternal ribs).
PTS: 1
, Test Bank 1-2
4. Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate for a patient with lower rib fractures?
A. Short, shallow breaths
B. Pursed lip breathing
C. Deep breaths with splinting
D. Breathing with arms raised
ANS: C
It is important for all therapists to recommend breathing (deep breathing), splinting (i.e., pillow),
and coughing strategies for patients with rib fractures.
PTS: 1
5. Which of the following positions facilitates greater excursion of both hemidiaphragms at rest?
A. Supine position
B. Side lying position
C. Standing position
D. Sitting position
ANS: A
In the supine position, without the effects of gravity, the level of the diaphragm in the thoracic
cavity rises. This allows for a relatively greater excursion.
PTS: 1
6. Which of the following muscles help to achieve the active process of inspiration at rest?
A. Sternocleidomastoid
B. Diaphragm
C. Abdominal muscles
D. Trapeziums
ANS: B
The diaphragm and internal intercostals (intercartilaginous portion) are the essential muscles to
achieve the active process of inspiration at rest. Abdominal muscles assist with expiration. The
sternocleidomastoid and trapezius are accessory muscles and assist with a more forceful
inspiration.
PTS: 1
7. Which of the following accessory muscles of ventilation function to elevate and fix the first and
second ribs?
A. Sternocleidomastoid muscle
B. Serratus anterior
C. Latissimus dorsi
D. Scalene muscle
ANS: D
,HILLEGASS: ESSENTIALS OF
CARDIOPULMONARY PHYSICAL THERAPY, 3RD
EDITION
Chapter 1: Anatomy of the Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICES
1. Which of the following chest wall structures is located level with the second costal cartilage
interiorly and thoracic vertebra T4 and T5 posterior?
A. Sternal angle
B. Jugular notch
C. Xiphoid process
D. Third costal cartilage
ANS: A
The sternal angle of the “angle of Louis” is level with the second costal cartilage interiorly and
thoracic vertebrae T4 and T5 posterior.
PTS: 1
2. Pectus excuvatum is BEST described as:
A. Deformity of the sternum caused by trauma
B. Caved-in appearance of the chest
C. Diminished rib angle interiorly
D. Conical shape of the thoracic cage
ANS: B
Pectus excuvatum is a common congenital deformity of the anterior wall of the chest, in which
several ribs and the sternum grow abnormally; it produces a caved-in or sunken appearance of
the chest.
PTS: 1
3. The true ribs are BEST defined by which of the following statements?
A. Vertebrochondral ribs
B. Vertebrosternal ribs
C. Ribs 11 and 12
D. Ribs 8, 9, and 10
ANS: B
The first seven ribs attach via their costal cartilages to the sternum and are called the true ribs
(also known as the Vertebrosternal ribs).
PTS: 1
, Test Bank 1-2
4. Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate for a patient with lower rib fractures?
A. Short, shallow breaths
B. Pursed lip breathing
C. Deep breaths with splinting
D. Breathing with arms raised
ANS: C
It is important for all therapists to recommend breathing (deep breathing), splinting (i.e., pillow),
and coughing strategies for patients with rib fractures.
PTS: 1
5. Which of the following positions facilitates greater excursion of both hemidiaphragms at rest?
A. Supine position
B. Side lying position
C. Standing position
D. Sitting position
ANS: A
In the supine position, without the effects of gravity, the level of the diaphragm in the thoracic
cavity rises. This allows for a relatively greater excursion.
PTS: 1
6. Which of the following muscles help to achieve the active process of inspiration at rest?
A. Sternocleidomastoid
B. Diaphragm
C. Abdominal muscles
D. Trapeziums
ANS: B
The diaphragm and internal intercostals (intercartilaginous portion) are the essential muscles to
achieve the active process of inspiration at rest. Abdominal muscles assist with expiration. The
sternocleidomastoid and trapezius are accessory muscles and assist with a more forceful
inspiration.
PTS: 1
7. Which of the following accessory muscles of ventilation function to elevate and fix the first and
second ribs?
A. Sternocleidomastoid muscle
B. Serratus anterior
C. Latissimus dorsi
D. Scalene muscle
ANS: D
