Science Biology Anatomy
BIOL 235 MIDTERM 1 EXAM PREP/COMPREHENSIVE
GUIDE 2025 | HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY | ALL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS | GRADED A+ |
LATEST VERSIONS | VERIFIED ANSWERS
Save
Students also studied
Flashcard sets Study guides
Athletic Training BOC Questions BIOL 235 Midterm 2 Brain Story Certifica
Teacher 149 terms 185 terms 6 terms
Vyga123 Preview Preview Preview
organ made up of several different tissues working together
bone (bone tissue, cartilage, dense connective tissue, epithelium,
adipose tissue, nervous tissue)
skeletal system entire framework of bones and their cartilages
support [soft tissues, attachment of tendons]
protect [important internal organs from injury]
basic functions of skeletal assistance in movement
system mineral homeostasis [storage and release]
blood cell production [red bone marrow]
triglyceride storage [yellow bone marrow]
long bone has greater length than width
is the bone's shaft or body—the long, cylindrical, main portion of
diaphysis
the bone
epiphyses the proximal and distal ends of the bone
the regions between the diaphysis and the epi- physes. In a
growing bone, each metaphysis contains an epiphyseal (growth)
metaphyses
plate, a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the diaphysis of the
bone to grow in length
the cartilage in the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone; the
epiphyseal line
resulting bony structure is known as the ______
thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the part of the epiphysis
where the bone forms an articulation ( joint) with another bone.
articular cartilage
Articular cartilage reduces friction and absorbs shock at freely
movable joints.
, tough connective tissue sheath and its associated blood supply
that surrounds the bone surface wherever it is not covered by
periosteum articular cartilage. It is composed of an outer fibrous layer of
dense irregular connective tissue and an inner osteogenic layer
that consists of cells
hollow, cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty
medullary cavity (aka marrow yellow bone marrow and numerous blood vessels in adults. This
cavity) cavity minimizes the weight of the bone by reducing the dense
bony material where it is least needed
unspecialized bone stem cells derived from mesenchyme, the
tissue from which almost all connective tissues are formed. They
are the only bone cells to undergo cell division; the resulting
osteoprogenitor cells
cells develop into osteoblasts. Osteoprogenitor cells are found
along the inner portion of the periosteum, in the endosteum, and
in the canals within bone that contain blood vessels
bone-building cells. They synthesize and secrete collagen fibers
osteoblasts and other organic components needed to build the extracellular
matrix of bone tissue, and they initiate calcification
mature bone cells, are the main cells in bone tissue and maintain
its daily metabolism, such as the exchange of nutrients and
osteocytes
wastes with the blood. Like osteoblasts, osteocytes do not
undergo cell division
huge cells derived from the fusion of as many as 50 monocytes
(a type of white blood cell) and are concentrated in the
endosteum. On the side of the cell that faces the bone surface,
osteoclasts the osteoclast's plasma membrane is deeply folded into a ruffled
border. Here the cell releases powerful lys- osomal enzymes and
acids that digest the protein and mineral com- ponents of the
underlying extracellular bone matrix
the strongest form of bone tissue. It is found beneath the
periosteum of all bones and makes up the bulk of the diaphyses
of long bones. Com- pact bone tissue provides protection and
compact bone tissue
support and resists the stresses produced by weight and
movement.
80% of skeleton
repeating strucutural units in compact bone tissue. Each osteon
osteons/haversian systems consists of concentric lamellae arranged around an osteonic
(haversian or central) canal
circular plates of mineralized extracellular matrix of increasing
diameter, surrounding a small network of blood vessels and
concentric lamellae
nerves located in the central canal
resemble growth rings of trees
lacunae (plural) small spaces between concentric lamellae containing osteocytes
small channels radiating out from lacunae, contain extracellular
canaliculi
fluid, connect lacunae with one another
areas between neighboring osteons, also have lacunae with os-
teocytes and canaliculi. Interstitial lamellae are fragments of
interstitial lamellae
older osteons that have been partially destroyed during bone
rebuilding or growth
BIOL 235 MIDTERM 1 EXAM PREP/COMPREHENSIVE
GUIDE 2025 | HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY | ALL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS | GRADED A+ |
LATEST VERSIONS | VERIFIED ANSWERS
Save
Students also studied
Flashcard sets Study guides
Athletic Training BOC Questions BIOL 235 Midterm 2 Brain Story Certifica
Teacher 149 terms 185 terms 6 terms
Vyga123 Preview Preview Preview
organ made up of several different tissues working together
bone (bone tissue, cartilage, dense connective tissue, epithelium,
adipose tissue, nervous tissue)
skeletal system entire framework of bones and their cartilages
support [soft tissues, attachment of tendons]
protect [important internal organs from injury]
basic functions of skeletal assistance in movement
system mineral homeostasis [storage and release]
blood cell production [red bone marrow]
triglyceride storage [yellow bone marrow]
long bone has greater length than width
is the bone's shaft or body—the long, cylindrical, main portion of
diaphysis
the bone
epiphyses the proximal and distal ends of the bone
the regions between the diaphysis and the epi- physes. In a
growing bone, each metaphysis contains an epiphyseal (growth)
metaphyses
plate, a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the diaphysis of the
bone to grow in length
the cartilage in the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone; the
epiphyseal line
resulting bony structure is known as the ______
thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the part of the epiphysis
where the bone forms an articulation ( joint) with another bone.
articular cartilage
Articular cartilage reduces friction and absorbs shock at freely
movable joints.
, tough connective tissue sheath and its associated blood supply
that surrounds the bone surface wherever it is not covered by
periosteum articular cartilage. It is composed of an outer fibrous layer of
dense irregular connective tissue and an inner osteogenic layer
that consists of cells
hollow, cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty
medullary cavity (aka marrow yellow bone marrow and numerous blood vessels in adults. This
cavity) cavity minimizes the weight of the bone by reducing the dense
bony material where it is least needed
unspecialized bone stem cells derived from mesenchyme, the
tissue from which almost all connective tissues are formed. They
are the only bone cells to undergo cell division; the resulting
osteoprogenitor cells
cells develop into osteoblasts. Osteoprogenitor cells are found
along the inner portion of the periosteum, in the endosteum, and
in the canals within bone that contain blood vessels
bone-building cells. They synthesize and secrete collagen fibers
osteoblasts and other organic components needed to build the extracellular
matrix of bone tissue, and they initiate calcification
mature bone cells, are the main cells in bone tissue and maintain
its daily metabolism, such as the exchange of nutrients and
osteocytes
wastes with the blood. Like osteoblasts, osteocytes do not
undergo cell division
huge cells derived from the fusion of as many as 50 monocytes
(a type of white blood cell) and are concentrated in the
endosteum. On the side of the cell that faces the bone surface,
osteoclasts the osteoclast's plasma membrane is deeply folded into a ruffled
border. Here the cell releases powerful lys- osomal enzymes and
acids that digest the protein and mineral com- ponents of the
underlying extracellular bone matrix
the strongest form of bone tissue. It is found beneath the
periosteum of all bones and makes up the bulk of the diaphyses
of long bones. Com- pact bone tissue provides protection and
compact bone tissue
support and resists the stresses produced by weight and
movement.
80% of skeleton
repeating strucutural units in compact bone tissue. Each osteon
osteons/haversian systems consists of concentric lamellae arranged around an osteonic
(haversian or central) canal
circular plates of mineralized extracellular matrix of increasing
diameter, surrounding a small network of blood vessels and
concentric lamellae
nerves located in the central canal
resemble growth rings of trees
lacunae (plural) small spaces between concentric lamellae containing osteocytes
small channels radiating out from lacunae, contain extracellular
canaliculi
fluid, connect lacunae with one another
areas between neighboring osteons, also have lacunae with os-
teocytes and canaliculi. Interstitial lamellae are fragments of
interstitial lamellae
older osteons that have been partially destroyed during bone
rebuilding or growth
