Morgan and Mikhail's Clinical
AnesthesiologyEXAM 2025 UPDATE/PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
(complete solutions) ASSURED
SUCCESS/GRADED A+!!!
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Terms in this set (1444)
Phase 0: Depolarization.
Voltage gated Ca channels(L-
type) are activated, Ca floods
Cardiac pacemaker into cell.
action potential:
Phase 3: Repolarization.
Phase 0: Inactivation of Ca channels and
increased permeability to K+
Phase 3: (K+ leaves cell)
Phase 4: Phase 4: Pacemaker potential.
Slow influx of Na and Ca from
Funny Na channels and T-type
Ca channels.
,the shape of an arterial Rate of Upstroke = contractility
line wave form provides
clues to several Rate of downstroke = peripheral vascular resistance
hemodynamic variables:
Exaggerated variations in size during respiratory
Rate of Upstroke = ? cycle = hypovolemia
Rate of downstroke = ?
Exaggerated variations in
size during respiratory
cycle = ?
- Monitoring central venous pressure
- Administration of fluids to treat hypovolemia and
shock
- Infusion of caustic drugs and TPN
CVC indications
- Aspiration of air emboli
- Insertion of transcutaneous pacing leads
- Gaining venous access in pts with poor peripheral
veins.
Relative: tumors, clots, tricuspid valve vegetations
CVC contraindications: that could be dislodged or embolized during
cannulation.
Subclavian CVC is Anticoagulants: due to inability to provide direct
relatively contraindicated compression in the event of an accidental arterial
in pts on what class of puncture
medication?
Optimal placement of Just superior to or at the junction of the SVC and the
CVC catheter tip? right atrium
Left IJ CVC placement Pleural effusion and chylothorax
has an increased risk of
this unique complication?
, - Line infection/bloodstream infection
- Air or thrombus embolism
- Arrhythmia (catheter tip is in the RA or RV).
- Hematoma, thrombosis
Risks of CVC placement?
- Pneumothorax, hemothorax, hydrothorax,
chylothorax (left IJ placement).
- Cardiac perforation with cardiac tamponade
- Trauma to nearby nerves and arteries
Central venous pressure Right atrium
(CVP) approximates
pressure in which
chamber of the heart?
Very low CVP may Volume depleted pt
indicate?
Volume overloaded pt, poor ventricular compliance,
Very high CVP may or both.
indicate?
A wave = atrial contraction
(absent in pts with A-fib,
exaggerated in pts with
junctional rhythms)
C wave = tricuspid elevation
during ventricular contraction
central venous tracing X and Y descents = downward
displacement of the tricuspid
valve during systole and
tricuspid valve opening during
diastole.
V wave = venous return against
a closed tricuspid valve.
Catheter provides measurements of both cardiac
Function of a Pulmonary
output and pulmonary artery occlusion (wedge)
artery (Swan-Ganz)
pressures and was used to guide hemodynamic
Catheter?
therapy, esp when pts became unstable.
AnesthesiologyEXAM 2025 UPDATE/PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
(complete solutions) ASSURED
SUCCESS/GRADED A+!!!
Save
Terms in this set (1444)
Phase 0: Depolarization.
Voltage gated Ca channels(L-
type) are activated, Ca floods
Cardiac pacemaker into cell.
action potential:
Phase 3: Repolarization.
Phase 0: Inactivation of Ca channels and
increased permeability to K+
Phase 3: (K+ leaves cell)
Phase 4: Phase 4: Pacemaker potential.
Slow influx of Na and Ca from
Funny Na channels and T-type
Ca channels.
,the shape of an arterial Rate of Upstroke = contractility
line wave form provides
clues to several Rate of downstroke = peripheral vascular resistance
hemodynamic variables:
Exaggerated variations in size during respiratory
Rate of Upstroke = ? cycle = hypovolemia
Rate of downstroke = ?
Exaggerated variations in
size during respiratory
cycle = ?
- Monitoring central venous pressure
- Administration of fluids to treat hypovolemia and
shock
- Infusion of caustic drugs and TPN
CVC indications
- Aspiration of air emboli
- Insertion of transcutaneous pacing leads
- Gaining venous access in pts with poor peripheral
veins.
Relative: tumors, clots, tricuspid valve vegetations
CVC contraindications: that could be dislodged or embolized during
cannulation.
Subclavian CVC is Anticoagulants: due to inability to provide direct
relatively contraindicated compression in the event of an accidental arterial
in pts on what class of puncture
medication?
Optimal placement of Just superior to or at the junction of the SVC and the
CVC catheter tip? right atrium
Left IJ CVC placement Pleural effusion and chylothorax
has an increased risk of
this unique complication?
, - Line infection/bloodstream infection
- Air or thrombus embolism
- Arrhythmia (catheter tip is in the RA or RV).
- Hematoma, thrombosis
Risks of CVC placement?
- Pneumothorax, hemothorax, hydrothorax,
chylothorax (left IJ placement).
- Cardiac perforation with cardiac tamponade
- Trauma to nearby nerves and arteries
Central venous pressure Right atrium
(CVP) approximates
pressure in which
chamber of the heart?
Very low CVP may Volume depleted pt
indicate?
Volume overloaded pt, poor ventricular compliance,
Very high CVP may or both.
indicate?
A wave = atrial contraction
(absent in pts with A-fib,
exaggerated in pts with
junctional rhythms)
C wave = tricuspid elevation
during ventricular contraction
central venous tracing X and Y descents = downward
displacement of the tricuspid
valve during systole and
tricuspid valve opening during
diastole.
V wave = venous return against
a closed tricuspid valve.
Catheter provides measurements of both cardiac
Function of a Pulmonary
output and pulmonary artery occlusion (wedge)
artery (Swan-Ganz)
pressures and was used to guide hemodynamic
Catheter?
therapy, esp when pts became unstable.
