Test Bank for A Child's World, Infancy Through Adolescence 13th Edition By Gabriela Martorell Diane Papalia Ruth Feldman |All Chapters |Updated Version 2025 A+

Test Bank for A Child's World, Infancy Through Adolescence 13th Edition By Gabriela Martorell Diane Papalia Ruth Feldman |All Chapters |Updated Version 2025 A+ 1-1 Test Bank for A Child's World, Infancy Through Adolescence 13e Gabriela Martorell Diane Papalia Ruth Feldman Chapter 01 Studying A Child's World Multiple Choice Questions 1. Child development is the scientific study of the processes that human beings undergo from the moment of conception through adolescence. The main focus of study is how children A. change. B. develop physically. C. develop social relationships. D. learn language skills. refer to page 4 APA LO: 5.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.1: Describe child development, and how its study has evolved. Learn Smart LO: Describe the study of human development. 2. Which of the following events paved the way for the scientific study of child development? A. the discovery of vaccines B. the enactment of child labor laws C. scientific discoveries about the nature of conception D. all of the above refer to page 5 APA LO: 1.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Connect LO: 1.1: Describe child development, and how its study has evolved. Learn Smart LO: Describe the study of human development. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-2 3. Which of the following helped to pioneer the study of child development as a true science? A. G. Stanley Hall's book Adolescence B. the establishment of research institutes at Berkeley and Yale C. Arnold Gesell's studies on motor development D. all of the above refer to page 5 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.1: Describe child development, and how its study has evolved. Learn Smart LO: Describe the study of human development. 4. Five-year-old Tara does not make friends easily. She is shy and anxious in new situations. Because Tara's behavior has persisted over time, it is an example of developmental A. instability. B. resilience. C. stability. D. awkwardness. refer to page 4 APA LO: 5.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.1: Describe child development, and how its study has evolved. Learn Smart LO: Describe the study of human development. 5. first emphasized the developmental nature of behavior by publishing a record of his son's sensory, motor, language, and emotional milestones during his first years of life. A. Charles Darwin B. John B. Watson C. Jean-Marc-Gaspard Itard D. John Dewey refer to page 5 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.1: Describe child development, and how its study has evolved. Learn Smart LO: Describe the study of human development. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-4 6. Dietrich Tiedemann and Charles Darwin used the information obtained from to support their early theories about child development. A. baby biographies B. teachers C. doctors D. mothers' diaries refer to page 5 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.1: Describe child development, and how its study has evolved. Learn Smart LO: Describe the study of human development. 7. Professor Hughes believes that students can better understand the developmental nature of behavior by studying human origins, both as a species and as individuals. Professor Hughes's belief is consistent with view of child development. A. John Locke's B. Charles Darwin's C. John Watson's D. Alfred Binet's refer to page 5 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.1: Describe child development, and how its study has evolved. Learn Smart LO: Describe the study of human development. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-5 8. Adolescence has been considered a separate stage of development since A. early in the fifteenth century. B. the twentieth century. C. Konrad Lorenz's research on imprinting. D. The Great Depression. refer to page 5 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.1: Describe child development, and how its study has evolved. Learn Smart LO: Describe the study of human development. 9. Who was the first to identify adolescence as a separate stage of development? A. John Watson B. G. Stanley Hall C. Arnold Gesell D. Lewis Terman refer to page 5 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.1: Describe child development, and how its study has evolved. Learn Smart LO: Describe the study of human development. 10. Marsha is taking a class in human development. This class addresses the study of humans from A. conception to adolescence. B. infancy to adolescence. C. adolescence to death. D. conception to death. refer to page 5, 6 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.1: Describe child development, and how its study has evolved. Learn Smart LO: Describe the life-span perspective. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-6 11. conducted longitudinal studies that traced the stages of motor development, which contributed to our understanding of developments that typically occur at various ages. A. G. Stanley Hall B. Arnold Gesell C. Jean Piaget D. Lewis M. Terman refer to page 5 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.1: Describe child development, and how its study has evolved. Learn Smart LO: Describe the life-span perspective. 12. The study of human development A. primarily emphasizes infancy through adolescence. B. emphasizes nature over nurture. C. is interdisciplinary. D. focuses more on adult than child development. refer to page 6 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Connect LO: 1.1: Describe child development, and how its study has evolved. Learn Smart LO: Describe the life-span perspective. 13. Developmental scientists are interested in development. A. physical B. cognitive C. psychosocial D. physical, cognitive, and psychosocial refer to page 6 APA LO: 5.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Define the three domains of development. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-7 14. Annette started crawling, then standing, and is now taking her first steps. This aspect of Annette's development falls within the domain. A. physical B. motivational C. biological D. toddler refer to page 6 APA LO: 5.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Define the three domains of development. 15. At age 1, Suzi had a vocabulary of 10 words. Now, at 2 years of age, she has a vocabulary of over 100 words. Language development falls within the domain. A. physical B. cognitive C. psychosocial D. neurological refer to page 6 APA LO: 5.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Define the three domains of development. 16. Which of the following psychosocial developments occur in adolescence? A. Gender identity develops. B. Self-awareness emerges. C. Search for identity becomes central. D. Self-esteem is global. refer to page 8 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Define the three domains of development. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-9 17. In order to acquire a thorough understanding of the nature of human development over time, scientists have divided the life span into five periods. These divisions are A. based on clear-cut development criteria. B. based on cognitive differences. C. arbitrary and approximate. D. separated into 10-year periods. refer to page 7 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Understand the periods of the life span. 18. Which of the following is not a characteristic of physical development in early childhood? A. Handedness appears. B. Appetite diminishes. C. Abstract thinking emerges. D. Fine and gross motor skills improve. refer to page 8 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Define the three domains of development. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-10 19. Dr. Ortiz, a pediatrician, charts his patients' brain and body growth, overall health, and motor skills. Dr. Ortiz is documenting A. hereditary factors. B. neurological development. C. physical development. D. developmental domains. refer to page 6 APA LO: 5.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Define the three domains of development. 20. One-year-old Tamara's height and weight, along with her newfound ability to walk, A. interact with her cognitive, personality, and social development. B. occur independently of her cognitive development. C. will become less important than personality and social development with age. D. are primarily controlled by her genetic makeup. refer to page 6 APA LO: 5.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Define the three domains of development. 21. Fifteen-month-old Lorraine and 5-year-old Joaquin are siblings. Which of the following statements about their physical growth is true? A. Both Lorraine and Joaquin are undergoing steady physical growth. B. Joaquin's physical growth is rapid, while Lorraine's growth is steady. C. Both Lorraine and Joaquin are undergoing rapid physical growth. D. Lorraine's physical growth is rapid, while Joaquin's growth is steady. refer to page 6 APA LO: 5.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Define the three domains of development. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-12 22. Dr. Dunn studies the way that children of different ages organize information in memory. His research focuses primarily on development. A. physical B. personality C. cognitive D. psychosocial refer to page 6 APA LO: 5.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Define the three domains of development. 23. Darrin attends a preschool program that focuses on enhancing children's language and reasoning skills, as well as fostering creativity. Darrin's preschool emphasizes development. A. physical B. cognitive C. psychosocial D. physiological refer to page 6 APA LO: 5.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Define the three domains of development. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-13 24. Donald is referred to as the "Mayor of the First Grade," a title given to him because he gets along with everyone and seems to know everything that is going on. These skills demonstrate Donald's level of development. A. physical B. cognitive C. psychosocial D. psychosexual refer to page 6 APA LO: 5.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Define the three domains of development. 25. Three-year-old Lydia is extremely athletic. Although her interpersonal skills were not strong when she entered preschool, her athletic prowess meant that she was always included in play activities. Due to her high level of participation in these activities, she gradually learned to interact with her peers at a higher level. Which of the following statements explains Lydia's progress? A. Lydia's cognitive development was enabled by her psychosocial development. B. Lydia's psychosocial development was enabled by her physical development. C. Lydia's physical development was enabled by her cognitive development. D. Lydia's cognitive development was enabled by her physical development. refer to page 6 APA LO: 5.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Describe the nature of development. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-14 26. Separation anxiety in infancy is an example of the effect of development on development. A. psychosocial; physical B. cognitive; psychosocial C. psychosocial; cognitive D. physical; psychosocial refer to page 6 APA LO: 5.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Describe the nature of development. 27. Kari is very tall for her age. She has fewer friends than her average-sized classmates. This is an example of the interaction between which two types of development? A. physical and cognitive B. cognitive and psychosocial C. physical and psychosocial D. personality and psychosocial refer to page 6 APA LO: 5.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Describe the nature of development. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-15 28. Carrie (age 22) and Chelsea (age 17) are sisters. Carrie is a focused student who thrives in academic settings. She is working on a graduate degree at a very selective university. Chelsea is much less concerned about school and more interested in socializing. She is considering bypassing college because she wants to go to work as soon as she graduates from high school. Their parents cannot figure out what they did to make their daughters turn out so differently. Which of the following concepts would you emphasize when trying to explain the sisters' differences to their parents? A. social construction B. quantitative change C. individual differences D. physical development refer to page 7 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Describe the nature of development. 29. Which of the following statements about social construction is correct? A. Social construction is a theory that explains the sequence of children's play patterns. B. Social construction is an idea about the nature of reality that is accepted by members of a particular society at a particular time. C. As children reach adolescence, they socially construct their free time. D. Social construction must be conditioned into children in order to avoid antisocial or deconstructive behaviors. refer to page 7 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Describe the nature of development. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-16 30. Adolescence is an example of a A. domain of development. B. developmental trajectory. C. psychosocial milestone. D. social construction. refer to page 7 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Describe the nature of development. 31. In many pre industrial societies, the concept of does not exist. A. prenatal development B. infancy and toddlerhood C. early childhood D. adolescence refer to page 7 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Understand the periods of the life span. 32. Which of the following is NOT considered to be one of the major divisions of the life span? A. prenatal period B. infancy and toddlerhood C. late adulthood D. senescence refer to page 7 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Understand the periods of the life span. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-17 33. During which developmental period do children develop speech and locomotion, and become somewhat more assertive and self-reliant, yet need considerable help in restraining their impulsive behavior? A. infancy and toddlerhood B. early childhood C. middle childhood D. the preschool years refer to page 8 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Discuss the early childhood period of development. 34. During , children begin to develop self-control and have more interest in others. A. infancy B. toddlerhood C. early childhood D. middle childhood refer to page 8 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Discuss the early childhood period of development. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-18 35. Children become proficient in regulating their own behavior and are very interested in their peer group during A. infancy. B. toddlerhood. C. early childhood. D. middle childhood. refer to page 8 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Understand the periods of the life span. 36. Carlos is undergoing rapid physical growth, has the ability to use abstract thought, and is trying to establish an identity. Carlos is a(n) A. school-age child. B. adolescent. C. young adult. D. college student. refer to page 8 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Understand the periods of the life span. 37. Attachment is particularly important during which developmental period? A. infancy and toddlerhood B. early childhood C. middle childhood D. adolescence refer to page 8 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Discuss the infancy period of development. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-20 38. Research looking at influences on development indicates that A. every child has a unique developmental trajectory. B. developmental milestones are universal. C. heredity is more important than environment. D. there are few gender or ethnic differences in physical or cognitive maturation. refer to page 9 APA LO: 5.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Understand influences on development. 39. Characteristics that are the result of inborn influences are generally attributed to A. heredity. B. the environment. C. both heredity and environment. D. a naturalsequence. refer to page 9 APA LO: 5.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Explain nature and nurture perspectives of development. 40. The totality of experiential influences on development is generally referred to as A. a natural sequence. B. maturation. C. the environment. D. heredity. refer to page 9 APA LO: 5.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Explain nature and nurture perspectives of development. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-21 41. William is a gifted baseball player. His father was a star player in the major leagues. They did not spend much time together while William was growing up because of his father's professional commitments. William's talent for baseball would seem to demonstrate the influence of A. heredity. B. environment. C. maturation. D. cohort differences. refer to page 9 APA LO: 5.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Explain nature and nurture perspectives of development. 42. Jenny is a very talented soccer player. Her mother was a star player in both college and in the women's professional leagues. They spent a great deal of time together while Jenny was growing up. Jenny has her mother's speed and height to go along with a superior understanding of the game. Jessica's abilities would seem to demonstrate the influence of A. heredity. B. environment. C. individual differences. D. both heredity and environment. refer to page 9 APA LO: 5.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Explain nature and nurture perspectives of development. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-22 43. Although there are developmental differences in timing, most children learn to walk and talk at a similar age. This is an example of A. heredity. B. environmental influences. C. maturation. D. a critical period. refer to page 9 APA LO: 5.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Identify the process of maturation. 44. The unfolding of a natural, genetically influenced sequence of physical and psychological patterns is the result of A. heredity. B. environment. C. maturation. D. personality. refer to page 9 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Explain nature and nurture perspectives of development. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-23 45. A two-generational kinship unit that shares household and economic resources and consists of one or two parents and their biological, adopted, or stepchildren is called a(n) A. family. B. nuclear family. C. extended family. D. blended family. refer to page 10 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Recognize the nuclear family. 46. Shari belongs to a multigenerational kinship unit consisting of parents, children, grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. This unit is referred to as a(n) A. family. B. nuclear family. C. extended family. D. blended family. refer to page 10 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Recognize the nuclear family. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-24 47. The Ferkle family goes away each year to see such sights as the world's largest ball of string and the world's largest landfill. On each vacation, they make certain that both parents and children are included. Their vacations are shared by the family. A. extended B. nuclear C. inclusive D. derivative refer to page 10 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Recognize the nuclear family. 48. Each summer, the Smith's host grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, and distant relatives for a two-day reunion. The Smith family reunion involves the family. A. nuclear B. general C. extended D. inclusive refer to page 10 APA LO: 1.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Describe extended family. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-25 49. In western societies, the dominant traditional family structure is the family, while in other societies such as Asian and Latin America, the family is more traditional. A. nuclear; extended B. general; nuclear C. extended; general D. extended; nuclear refer to page 10 APA LO: 1.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Describe extended family. 50. Which one of the following is NOT a factor that determines socioeconomic status? A. ethnicity B. income C. education D. occupation refer to page 13 APA LO: 1.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Define socioeconomic status. 51. Which of the following is/are determined by socioeconomic status? A. the neighborhood in which a family lives B. the school the children attend C. the quality of medical care available to a family D. all of the above refer to page 13 APA LO: 1.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Define socioeconomic status. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-27 52. Charles is a child growing up in a low-SES (socioeconomic status) family. Which of the following will likely have an effect on his development? A. nutritional deficiencies B. frequent illness C. poor housing/living conditions D. all of the above refer to page 14 APA LO: 1.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Define socioeconomic status. 53. Conditions that increase the likelihood of a negative outcome or result are called factors. A. diversity B. developmental C. adaptive D. risk refer to page 14 APA LO: 1.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Define socioeconomic status. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-28 54. The most powerful factors in a neighborhood that affect the way children develop are income and A. attitudes toward higher education. B. the quality of schools. C. access to resources. D. the number of recreational facilities. refer to page 14 APA LO: 1.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Define socioeconomic status. 55. A society or group's total way of life, including customs, traditions, beliefs, values, and language is referred to as its A. subculture. B. ethnicity. C. culture. D. origin. refer to page 11 APA LO: 1.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Define culture. 56. The well-being of children from affluent families may be at risk due to A. pressure to achieve. B. the amount of time they are left alone by working parents. C. high rates of substance abuse, depression, and anxiety. D. all of the above refer to page 11 APA LO: 1.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Define socioeconomic status. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-30 57. A group consisting of people united by ancestry, race, religion, language, or national origin is known as a(n) A. subculture. B. ethnic group. C. unique culture. D. nuclear family. refer to page 11 APA LO: 1.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Define ethnicity. 58. Teachers in the classroom need to be aware that ethnic and cultural patterns may influence A. the way the children act toward each other. B. the games children play. C. the way children learn. D. all of the above refer to page 11 APA LO: 1.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Define ethnicity. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-31 59. The fact that 11-year-old Kim is interested in attracting boys' attention while her classmates are still focused on their same-sex friendships is an example of the phenomenon that A. developmental periods occur in different sequences for different people. B. deviations from "average" development are a cause for concern. C. rates of development may vary from the average or typical. D. the sequence of development is primarily altered by experience. refer to page 10 APA LO: 1.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Define ethnicity. 60. Most immigrant children in the United States A. live with two parents. B. are twice as likely as other children to live with an extended family. C. live with parents who have high academic aspirations for them. D. all of the above. refer to page 12 APA LO: 1.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Define ethnicity. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-32 61. An overgeneralization that obscures cultural differences within an ethnic group is referred to as A. acculturation. B. ancestry impairment. C. cultural confusion. D. ethnic gloss. refer to page 13 APA LO: 1.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Define ethnicity. 62. Katherine grew up attending private Catholic schools. Each year at Christmas, she and her classmates decorated a tree in school and did the same at home. For Katherine's classmates and family, the tree decorating was a event. A. nonnormative B. normative C. cohort D. cultural refer to page 11 APA LO: 1.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Define culture. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-33 63. Events that occur at about the same age for people around the world, such as starting school, are called A. normative age-graded influences. B. normative history-graded influences. C. nonnormative life events. D. cohort-determined influences. refer to page 15 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Define normative age-graded influences. 64. Normative age-graded influences include all of the following EXCEPT A. puberty and menopause. B. starting school. C. retirement. D. war and famine. refer to page 15 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Define normative age-graded influences. 65. Events such as puberty and entry into formal education, which are highly similar for people in a particular age group, are considered A. normative age-graded influences. B. normative history-graded influences. C. cohort experiences. D. nonnormative life events. refer to page 15 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Define normative age-graded influences. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-35 66. Normative history-graded influences include all of the following EXCEPT A. worldwide economic depression. B. introduction of the contraceptive pill. C. the AIDS epidemic. D. the death of a spouse. refer to page 17 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Define normative history-graded influences. 67. The impact of technological developments such as video games, computers, and the Internet are considered influences. A. nonnormative age-graded B. normative history-graded C. normative age-graded D. nonnormative history-graded refer to page 17 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Define normative history-graded influences. 68. Nonnormative life events are A. unusual events that influence a person's life. B. events that generally happen to everyone. C. typical for a given population. D. traumatic or unhappy events. refer to page 17 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Define normative life events. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-36 69. All of the individuals who were elementary school students in New York City during the 9/11 Terrorist attacks shared a common experience. This group is referred to as a(n) A. cohort. B. historical generation. C. culture. D. encounter group. refer to page 17 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Define normative life events. 70. Which of the following individuals are members of the same cohort? A. a woman who raised children in Chicago during World War II and a woman who raised children in Chicago during the 1990s B. an urban child in the Soviet Union and a rural child in the United States C. a high school student in Cleveland and a high school student in Cincinnati D. all of the above refer to page 17 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Define normative life events. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-37 71. Which of the following statements describes a fundamental point of childhood development? A. Social, cognitive, and physical domains are distinct and have little bearing on one another. B. Normal development is quite standard; children developing normally exhibit few differences. C. Historical events influence development. D. Development is a process that ceases at the end of childhood. refer to page 17 APA LO: 5.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Define normative life events. 72. A is a specific time during development when a given event, or lack of an event, has the greatest impact. A. cohort B. nonnormative event C. critical period D. developmental milestone refer to page 18 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Define critical periods. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-38 73. Rubella has a disastrous impact if it is contracted during the first trimester of a pregnancy, yet has hardly any impact if contracted later in a pregnancy. This is an example of A. heredity. B. normative age-graded events. C. maturational timing. D. a critical period. refer to page 18 APA LO: 5.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Define critical periods. 74. Morgan was born with a muscle problem that interfered with her ability to focus both of her eyes on the same object. However, the problem was not detected until third grade. Morgan's vision has greatly improved with physical therapy and glasses but it is likely that her depth perception has been adversely affected for life. This is an example of A. cohorts. B. developmental domains. C. critical periods of development. D. imprinting. refer to page 18 APA LO: 1.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Define critical periods. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-39 75. Evidence for critical periods of physical development is undeniable. However, for other aspects of development, there seems to be greater A. rigidity. B. plasticity. C. acceptability. D. latency. refer to page 18 APA LO: 5.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Discuss the role of plasticity in development. 76. Research suggests a critical period and a sensitive period for language development. The sensitive period ends around the time of A. toddlerhood. B. early childhood. C. middle childhood. D. puberty. refer to page 19 APA LO: 5.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Define critical periods. 77. Which aspects of development show plasticity? A. physical development B. cognitive development C. psychosocial development D. all of the above refer to page 18 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Discuss the role of plasticity in development. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-41 78. Which of the following would be the best example of bidirectional influences on child development? A. High-income households support more favorable development than low-SES households. B. School-age children can focus on two or more pieces of information at the same time. C. Children influence their environments, and their environments influence them. D. No two children are influenced in exactly the same ways. refer to page 18 APA LO: 5.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.4: Identify six fundamental points about child development on which consensus has emerged. Learn Smart LO: Recognize that developmental science is multidisciplinary or multidimensional. 79. In the case study involving "Genie," researchers found that A. there is a critical period for language development. B. no critical period exists for language acquisition. C. the critical period for language development begins in middle childhood. D. adolescence is an optimal time for acquiring a second language. refer to page 19 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Connect LO: 1.4: Identify six fundamental points about child development on which consensus has emerged. Learn Smart LO: Discuss the role of plasticity in development. Essay Questions 80. Trace the evolution of the field of child development. To support your answer, include the contributions of such researchers as Dietrich Tiedemann, Charles Darwin, G. Stanley Hall, and Arnold Gesell. Answers will vary APA LO: 5.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.1: Describe child development, and how its study has evolved. Learn Smart LO: Discuss the study of human development. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-43 81. Developmental scientists study development over the human life span. Explain the difference between psychosocial development, cognitive development, and physical development. Provide an example of each type of development. Answers will vary APA LO: 5.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.1: Describe child development, and how its study has evolved. Learn Smart LO: Discuss the domains of development. 82. Those who work with children must keep in mind that there are three domains or dimensions of child development. List the three domains, and give specific examples of how these domains are all interrelated in childhood. Answers will vary APA LO: 5.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Discuss the domains of development. 83. Twelve-month-old Kara, born in Iraq, has just been adopted by an American couple and is moving to the United States. Explain how Kara's heredity, environment, and maturation will play a role in determining her development. Answers will vary APA LO: 1.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Discuss influences on development. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-44 84. Imagine that you are a developmental scientist and have been sent to a war-torn region to observe and make recommendations about the care and treatment of the children there. What is the current interpretation of the term "critical period" as it relates to childhood development? What are some of the typical tasks that must be mastered by children during a certain "critical" time period for normal developmental to occur? Explain how these principles would apply to children whose lives have been disrupted by war. Answers will vary APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Define critical periods. 85. Mrs. Peters is a new seventh-grade teacher in an urban public school. List several normative events likely to occur among her students during the school year. What are some of the nonnormative events that may occur that she could prepare herself for in advance? Answers will vary APA LO: 1.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Define normative life events. 86. A child's development can be affected by many things. For example, the socioeconomic status of a child's family, nonnormative influences, and normative history-graded events all can play a role in a child's development. Choose one of these influences and describe specifically how it contributes to child development. Give specific examples where possible, noting the importance of resilience. Answers will vary APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Discuss influences on development. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-45 87. List and briefly describe six fundamental points about child development on which consensus among researchers has emerged. How are these points related to the study of child development? Answers will vary APA LO: 5.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.4: Identify six fundamental points about child development on which consensus has emerged. Learn Smart LO: Identify characteristics of the life-span perspective. 88. One of the major influences on development is the historical period in which one grows up. The text describes a study that looked at both individuals who grew up in the Depression as well as those affected by the 1980s farm crisis. Briefly describe the results of this research. Today's economic crisis may have some similarities to both of these challenging economic times. In one paragraph, briefly design a program to minimize the effects of hard times on infant and early childhood development. Answers will vary APA LO: 1.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Create Connect LO: 1.4: Identify six fundamental points about child development on which consensus has emerged. Learn Smart LO: Illustrate history-graded influences. 89. In the discussion of critical periods, the text presents the case of Genie, who was subjected to years of child abuse. What evidence does this landmark case provide about critical periods and language acquisition? Answers will vary APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluate Connect LO: 1.4: Identify six fundamental points about child development on which consensus has emerged. Learn Smart LO: Recall that development is contextual. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-46 True / False Questions 90. Developmental scientists are primarily interested in infant and child development. FALSE refer to page 6 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.1: Describe child development, and how its study has evolved. Learn Smart LO: Recall the goals of life-span development study. 91. The three domains of development are emotional, physical, and cognitive. FALSE refer to page 6 APA LO: 5.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Define the three domains of development. 92. Learning falls under the cognitive domain of development. TRUE refer to page 6 APA LO: 5.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Define the three domains of development. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-47 93. Cognitive advances are rarely related to physical, emotional, or social factors. FALSE refer to page 6 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Describe the nature of development. 94. The periods of development are arbitrary. TRUE refer to page 7 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Describe the concept of life-span development. 95. Attachment is a critical component of psychosocial development during middle childhood. FALSE refer to page 8 APA LO: 5.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Discuss the infancy period of development. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-48 96. As an adolescent, Julio's relationship with his parents is generally good. TRUE refer to page 8 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Discuss the early adulthood period of development. 97. Intuit parents do not believe that young children are capable of reason and thus are lenient with they become angry or fuss. This is an example of a social construction. TRUE refer to page 7 APA LO: 1.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.2: Understand what development scientists study. Learn Smart LO: Identify major sociocultural concepts of life-span development. 98. Individual differences have minimal effects on development. FALSE refer to page 9 APA LO: 5.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Describe influences on development. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-49 99. If Bob and his parents are all farsighted, it is likely that vision problems in this family are due to heredity. TRUE refer to page 9 APA LO: 5.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Explain nature and nurture perspectives of development. 100. If adopted children are like their non-biological adoptive parents on a trait like intelligence, it would suggest that intelligence is strongly influenced by nurture. TRUE refer to page 9 APA LO: 5.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Explain nature and nurture perspectives of development. 101. If a characteristic has a strong genetic influence, it is largely due to nurture. FALSE refer to page 9 APA LO: 5.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Explain nature and nurture perspectives of development. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-50 102. Baby Jenise learns to crawl before she walks. This is an example of maturation. TRUE refer to page 9 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Identify the process of maturation. 103. Developmental timing is the same for all humans. FALSE refer to page 10 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Identify major sociocultural concepts of life-span development. 104. Your grandmother is part of your nuclear family. FALSE refer to page 10 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Describe extended family. 105. Your aunt is part of your extended family. TRUE refer to page 10 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Describe extended family. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-52 106. The type of food that one eats is a reflection of ethnic and cultural patterns. TRUE refer to page 11 APA LO: 1.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Define culture. 107. Children of immigrants are twice as likely as other children to live in extended-family households. TRUE refer to page 12 APA LO: 1.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Define ethnicity. 108. One in 4 children in immigrant families has one parent born in the United States. TRUE refer to page 12 APA LO: 1.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.3: Recall the influences that make one child different from another. Learn Smart LO: Define ethnicity. Chapter 01 - Studying A Child's World 1-53 109. Developmental scientists argue that development is largely unidirectional. FALSE refer to page 18 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.4: Identify six fundamental points about child development on which consensus has emerged. Learn Smart LO: Recognize that development is multidirectional. 110. Research suggests there is a critical period for language acquisition. TRUE refer to page 19 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 1.4: Identify six fundamental points about child development on which consensus has emerged. Learn Smart LO: Define critical periods. Chapter 02 - A Child's World: How We Discover It 2-1 Chapter 02 A Child's World: How We Discover It Multiple Choice Questions 1. A scientific theory is a set of A. logically related statements seeking to describe, explain, and predict human behavior. B. facts derived from research. C. predictions about future outcomes. D. opinions presented by a well-known authority in a field. refer to page 24 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 2.1: Explain the purposes theories serve, and two basic issues on which developmental theorists differ. Learn Smart LO: Define scientific theory. 2. The statement, "If children learn aggression from models, then children who watch violent television shows should be more aggressive than children who watch nonviolent shows," is an example of a A. theory. B. finding. C. hypothesis. D. conclusion. refer to page 24 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 2.1: Explain the purposes theories serve, and two basic issues on which developmental theorists differ. Learn Smart LO: Recall the definition of a hypothesis. Chapter 02 - A Child's World: How We Discover It 2-2 3. Before designing her research study, Dr. Bennett predicts that infants who have poor diets will have academic problems later in life. Dr. Bennett's prediction is an example of a(n) A. hypothesis. B. theory. C. interpretation. D. conclusion. refer to page 24 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 2.1: Explain the purposes theories serve, and two basic issues on which developmental theorists differ. Learn Smart LO: Recall the definition of a hypothesis. 4. Which of the following statements is true of scientific theories? A. Theories are the possible explanations for phenomena. B. Theories can be proved, but never disproved. C. Theories change to incorporate new findings. D. Theories are based on assumptions that are true. refer to page 24 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Connect LO: 2.1: Explain the purposes theories serve, and two basic issues on which developmental theorists differ. Learn Smart LO: Define scientific theory. 5. Which of the following is NOT one of the basic issues that theorists address when explaining child development? A. Assessing whether development is more influenced by heredity or by environment B. Determining whether children are active or passive in their own development C. Observing whether development is continuous or occurs in stages D. Viewing all development as culturally determined refer to page 25 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Connect LO: 2.1: Explain the purposes theories serve, and two basic issues on which developmental theorists differ. Learn Smart LO: Recall the two basic issues that theorists make assumptions about in attempting to explain development. Chapter 02 - A Child's World: How We Discover It 2-4 6. At age 1, Suzi had a vocabulary of 10 words. Now, at 2 years of age, she has a vocabulary of over 100 words. This reflects a(n) developmental change. A. autonomous B. bidirectional C. qualitative D. quantitative refer to page 26 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 2.1: Explain the purposes theories serve, and two basic issues on which developmental theorists differ. Learn Smart LO: Recognize that mechanistic theorists deal with quantitative change. 7. viewed human development as being shaped by unconscious forces. A. Sigmund Freud B. B. F. Skinner C. Jean Piaget D. John B. Watson refer to page 27 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 2.2: Differentiate the five theoretical perspectives on child development, and identify theories that are representative of each. Learn Smart LO: Recall the basic belief of Sigmund Freud. 8. Sigmund Freud believed that people are motivated primarily by A. extrinsic rewards. B. unconscious forces. C. anxiety. D. their environment. refer to page 27 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 2.2: Differentiate the five theoretical perspectives on child development, and identify theories that are representative of each. Learn Smart LO: Recall the basic belief of Sigmund Freud. Chapter 02 - A Child's World: How We Discover It 2-5 9. Armond argues that unconscious forces motivate people to behave the way they do. Armond's position is similar to the perspective of development. A. information-processing B. cognitive C. ethological D. psychoanalytic refer to page 27 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 2.2: Differentiate the five theoretical perspectives on child development, and identify theories that are representative of each. Learn Smart LO: Recall the basic belief of Sigmund Freud. 10. According to Freud, the element of personality that operates under the pleasure principal is referred to as the A. libido. B. id. C. superego. D. ego. refer to pages 27-28 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 2.2: Differentiate the five theoretical perspectives on child development, and identify theories that are representative of each. Learn Smart LO: Distinguish between the three parts of the personality according to Freud. Chapter 02 - A Child's World: How We Discover It 2-6 11. Parents who are up all night attending to the almost insatiable demands of their newborn babies are often frustrated by infants' apparent tendency to operate on the "pleasure principle." The pleasure principle is associated with the A. id. B. ego. C. superego. D. ego ideal. refer to pages 27-28 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Connect LO: 2.2: Differentiate the five theoretical perspectives on child development, and identify theories that are representative of each. Learn Smart LO: Distinguish between the three parts of the personality according to Freud. 12. According to Freud, during the first year of life, the part of the personality that represents reason and operates on the "reality principle" becomes more evident in the baby's behavior. This is due to the development of the A. id. B. ego. C. superego. D. conscience. refer to pages 27-28 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 2.2: Differentiate the five theoretical perspectives on child development, and identify theories that are representative of each. Learn Smart LO: Distinguish between the three parts of the personality according to Freud. Chapter 02 - A Child's World: How We Discover It 2-7 13. Freud maintained that children develop in an unvarying sequence of five maturation-based stages of development. A. psychosocial B. psychoanalytic C. unconscious D. psychosexual refer to page 29 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 2.2: Differentiate the five theoretical perspectives on child development, and identify theories that are representative of each. Learn Smart LO: Identify the five stages of psychosexual development according to Freud. 14. According to Freud, children move through five stages of psychosexual development. The sequence of these stages is A. anal, phallic, oral, latency, and, genital. B. oral, anal, phallic, latency, and, genital. C. anal, oral, genital, latency, and, phallic. D. oral, latency, genital, anal, and, phallic. refer to page 29 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 2.2: Differentiate the five theoretical perspectives on child development, and identify theories that are representative of each. Learn Smart LO: Identify the five stages of psychosexual development according to Freud. Chapter 02 - A Child's World: How We Discover It 2-8 15. According to Freud's theory, a 4-year-old child who has become attached to the parent of the other sex and regards the same-sex parent as a rival is considered to be in the stage of psychosexual development. A. oral B. anal C. phallic D. latency refer to page 29 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 2.2: Differentiate the five theoretical perspectives on child development, and identify theories that are representative of each. Learn Smart LO: Describe Freud's phallic stage of psychosexual development. 16. Joseph hits his brother with a toy while playing and feels guilty about it afterwards. According to Freud, these feelings reflect the operation of the A. id. B. ego. C. superego. D. defense mechanism. refer to pages 27-29 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 2.2: Differentiate the five theoretical perspectives on child development, and identify theories that are representative of each. Learn Smart LO: Distinguish between the three parts of the personality according to Freud. Chapter 02 - A Child's World: How We Discover It 2-9 17. Keesha is worried that her mother will find out that she accidentally broke her brother's truck. She is starting to develop a conscience. Which of the following psychosexual stages includes our conception of a "conscience?" A. Id B. Ego C. Superego D. Libido refer to page 29 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 2.2: Differentiate the five theoretical perspectives on child development, and identify theories that are representative of each. Learn Smart LO: Distinguish between the three parts of the personality according to Freud. 18. Mrs. Dobber, a teacher, believes that fourth graders are at a stage of psychosexual development characterized by relative calm. Mrs. Dobber's students are in the stage, which occurs during middle childhood. A. phallic B. superego C. latency D. generative refer to page 29 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 2.2: Differentiate the five theoretical perspectives on child development, and identify theories that are representative of each. Learn Smart LO: Describe Freud's latency stage of psychosexual development. Chapter 02 - A Child's World: How We Discover It 2-10 19. Each of Erikson's stages of development involves a psychosocial challenge, or , hat is important at a particular time. A. trauma B. crises C. historical event D. phase refer to page 31 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 2.2: Differentiate the five theoretical perspectives on child development, and identify theories that are representative of each. Learn Smart LO: Discuss Erikson's psychosocial theory of development. 20. A major distinction between Freud's and Erikson's views of development is that Erikson A. emphasized female development, whereas Freud emphasized male development. B. viewed development as a lifelong process, whereas Freud emphasized early experiences. C. focused on unconscious processes, whereas Freud emphasized conscious processes. D. emphasized biological factors, whereas Freud emphasized cultural factors. refer to page 31 APA LO: 5.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Connect LO: 2.2: Differentiate the five theoretical perspectives on child development, and identify theories that are representative of each. Learn Smart LO: Discuss Erikson's psychosocial theory of development. Chapter 02 - A Child's World: How We Discover It 2-11 21. As an assignment for a developmental psychology class, Darius interviewed his grandparents to learn more about their life experiences. In the interview, Darius learned that his grandparents view development as lifelong. The idea that personality development occurs throughout the life span is consistent with theory. A. Freud's psychosexual B. Erikson's psychosocial C. Bandura's social learning D. Bowlby's ethological refer to page 31 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 2.2: Differentiate the five theoretical perspectives on child development, and identify theories that are representative of each. Learn Smart LO: Discuss Erikson's psychosocial theory of development. 22. In Erikson's theory of development, there are stages of psychosocial development. A. 3 B. 5 C. 8 D. 12 refer to page 31 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 2.2: Differentiate the five theoretical perspectives on child development, and identify theories that are representative of each. Learn Smart LO: Discuss Erikson's psychosocial theory of development. Chapter 02 - A Child's World: How We Discover It 2-12 23. Compared to Freud's theory, Erikson placed greater emphasis on A. physical development. B. intellectual development. C. early experiences. D. social and cultural influences. refer to page 31 APA LO: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Connect LO: 2.2: Differentiate the five theoretical perspectives on child development, and identify theories that are representative of each. Learn Smart LO: Discuss Erikson's psychosocial theory of development. 24. A long-lasting change in behavior as a result of experience or adaptation to the environment is called A. modification. B. cognition. C. learning. D. behaviorism. refer to page 31 APA LO: 5.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 2.2: Differentiate the five theoretical perspectives on child development, and identify theories that are representative of each. Learn Smart LO: Discuss perspective two: Learning. 25. Behaviorists look for events that will determine whether or not a particular behavior will be repeated. This mental link is referred to as A. associative learning. B. unconscious learning. C. intelligence. D. personality. refer to page 31 APA LO: 5.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 2.2: Differentiate the five theoretical perspectives on child development, and identify theories that are representative of each. Learn Smart LO: Recall associative learning. Chapter 02 - A Child's World: How We Discover It 2-14 26. Every time Tanya leaves 2-year-old Timmy at day care, Timmy cries. Tanya always hands Timmy to the same teacher. She notices that Timmy now starts to cry when he sees this teacher from a distance. Timmy's behavior is an example of A. classical conditioning. B. operant conditioning. C. social learning. D. negative reinforcement. refer to page 32 APA LO: 5.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 2.2: Differentiate the five theoretical perspectives on child development, and identify theories that are representative of each. Learn Smart LO: Recall classical conditioning. 27. Daniel was embarrassed by his coach for not making a basket during an important game. Since then, whenever he gets the ball and heads down the court, he gets an overwhelming feeling of anxiety that prevents him from thinking clearly when he tries to shoot the ball. This is an example of A. operant conditioning. B. classical conditioning. C. social learning. D. intermittent reinforcement. refer to page 32 APA LO: 5.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 2.2: Differentiate the five theoretical perspectives on child development, and identify theories that are representative of each. Learn Smart LO: Recall classical conditioning. Chapter 02 - A Child's World: How We Discover It 2-15 28. When John B. Watson trained "Little Albert" to be afraid of small furry animals, he used A. classical conditioning. B. negative reinforcement. C. shaping behavior. D. intermittent reinforcement. refer to page 32 APA LO: 5.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Connect LO: 2.2: Differentiate the five theoretical perspectives on child development, and identify theories that are representative of each. Learn Smart LO: Recall classical conditioning. 29. Mr. Whitford's fifth-grade students sit quietly and continue doing their work when Mr. Whitford leaves the room because he rewards them with more recess time if they do so. Learning based on association of behavior with consequences is called A. classical conditioning. B. operant conditioning. C. the pleasure principle. D. the reality principle. refer to page 32 APA LO: 5.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Connect LO: 2.2: Differentiate the five theoretical perspectives on child development, and identify theories that are representative of each. Learn Smart LO: Discuss Skinner's operant conditioning theory. Chapter 02 - A Child's World: How We Discover It 2-16 30. Marissa really wants to be in the school play but does not enjoy having to memorize lines. Two weeks before the play is scheduled, her father implements a reward system. As soon as Marissa learns her lines, she does not have to help with the dishes until the play is over. Marissa increases her efforts in practice and learns the lines thoroughly in two days. This is an example of A.