Project Management for Health Care (PMH-C)
Questions & Answers –100% Verified Latest
Update – Graded A+ 2025/2026 Brand
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Epigenetic Adaptation
Biological mechanism through which our environment of relationships, physical, chemical, and built
environments, and early nutrition cause the physiological adaptations and disruptions that can influence a
lifetime of well-being
Prenatal Stress and Brain Development
Maternal stress causes increased levels of stress hormones and other chemicals in the fetus
Increased activation of the fight or flight response in babies
Infants and children with a tougher time learning new tasks and more anxiety and fear in aversive situations
Prenatal Anxiety: Effect of Timing
Stress in the second trimester appears more strongly associated with preterm birth
Chronic, severe trait anxiety are at the highest risk of having shorter gestations and delivering smaller babies
Eating Disorders Risk
Anorexia and bulimia:
Gestational diabetes
Low birthweight
Miscarriage
Mania Risks During Pregnancy
STDs
Use of addictive substances
Lower self care
Difficulty with realistic prep for baby
Interpersonal Violence Risk
Risk increased further with combo of depression and substance use
Suicide Risk in Pregnancy
Pregnancy is unwanted
Could not obtain an abortion
Partner abandoned woman
,Woman has had prior pregnancy loss
Medication stopped abruptly
Effects of Untreated Depression: OB Complications
Preterm birth
Low birth weight
Pre-eclampsia
Gestational diabetes
Bonding and Attachment
Maternal distress affects "monitoring" activities
"Serve and Return"
If responses are absent, unreliable or inappropriate, brain architecture does not form as expected
Disruption in brain architecture can lead to disparities in learning and behavior
Breastfeeding and Depression
Depressed moms breastfed for shorter times
Experienced more negatively
No effect of paternal depression on nursing
More breastfeeding problems
* Moms with depression and on medication fed with breastmilk for longer durations than moms with
untreated depression
Depression in Newborns
Lower levels of dopamine and serotonin in newborns
Newborns crying more often
Brain activity of infant of moms with depression looks the same as in clinically depressed adults
Safety Practices
Moms with depression at 2-4 months
- less likely to use car seat
- less likely to reduce water temp on water heaters
Depressed moms at 30-33 months
- less likely to have safety latches
- No difference in car seat use than at 2 months
Child Development Practices
Depressed moms of 2-4 months
- played less and were less nurturing
,Depressed moms at 30-33 months
- spoke less to child, less able to limit television, unable to follow 2 or more routines, less nurturing
Depression at 4 years postpartum
Maternal depression is more common at 4 years postpartum than at any time in the first 12 months
postpartum
Women with one child at 4 years postpartum report significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms than
women with subsequent children
Prenatal Suicide
Blacks are more likely to have suicidal ideation
Most likely in women with lowest income
Related to psych illness, substance abuse
LESS associated with unemployment, adversity, single status and divorce
MMR
maternal mortality rate
Unnatural cause of death
Highest with postpartum psychiatric disorders
Highest within the first year after diagnosis
Infanticide
Rare
Greater risk with psychotic symptoms
Rarely has a history of abusing children
Usually part of a suicide attempt
No anger toward baby
Wish to not abandon baby and not burden others with baby
Risk Factors Towards Child Maltreatment
History of maltreatment
History of severe abuse
Substance abuse
Interpersonal violence
Young maternal age
Postpartum Depression in Dads
More likely if woman has a PMAD
More likely to spank
Less likely to read to child
Lesbian Partners
, Difficulty negotiating parental roles
Legal and Policy barriers
May be more likely to lack social support
Likely to be estranged from family
Social stress due to homophobia etc.
Difficulty accessing unbiased pregnancy and PP support
Effects on Partners
When the mother is unable to care for herself or the baby, the partner is left with overwhelming
responsibilities
Pulled between demands of work and home
Northing is done right
Efforts go unnoticed by her
Taking on the role of the mother
Fears she will never be the same
Angry that she is not pulling her weight at home
Frustrated because there is no apparent or easy solution
Epigenetics
Trauma can be passed down genetically to the baby
ACEs
Adverse Childhood Experiences
Urban ACES
Asks about factors of racism, poverty, abuse, pregnancy age, sexual activity, neighborhood, bullying, medical
issues and more.
TIC
Trauma Informed Care
Embraces a perspective that highlights adaptation over symptoms and resilience over pathology
Viewing trauma through an ecological and cultural lens and recognizing that context plays a significant role in
how individuals perceive and process traumatic events
Involves vigilance in anticipating and avoiding institutional processes and individual practices that are likely to
retraumatize
Resilience is part of TIC
Intersectonality
Questions & Answers –100% Verified Latest
Update – Graded A+ 2025/2026 Brand
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Epigenetic Adaptation
Biological mechanism through which our environment of relationships, physical, chemical, and built
environments, and early nutrition cause the physiological adaptations and disruptions that can influence a
lifetime of well-being
Prenatal Stress and Brain Development
Maternal stress causes increased levels of stress hormones and other chemicals in the fetus
Increased activation of the fight or flight response in babies
Infants and children with a tougher time learning new tasks and more anxiety and fear in aversive situations
Prenatal Anxiety: Effect of Timing
Stress in the second trimester appears more strongly associated with preterm birth
Chronic, severe trait anxiety are at the highest risk of having shorter gestations and delivering smaller babies
Eating Disorders Risk
Anorexia and bulimia:
Gestational diabetes
Low birthweight
Miscarriage
Mania Risks During Pregnancy
STDs
Use of addictive substances
Lower self care
Difficulty with realistic prep for baby
Interpersonal Violence Risk
Risk increased further with combo of depression and substance use
Suicide Risk in Pregnancy
Pregnancy is unwanted
Could not obtain an abortion
Partner abandoned woman
,Woman has had prior pregnancy loss
Medication stopped abruptly
Effects of Untreated Depression: OB Complications
Preterm birth
Low birth weight
Pre-eclampsia
Gestational diabetes
Bonding and Attachment
Maternal distress affects "monitoring" activities
"Serve and Return"
If responses are absent, unreliable or inappropriate, brain architecture does not form as expected
Disruption in brain architecture can lead to disparities in learning and behavior
Breastfeeding and Depression
Depressed moms breastfed for shorter times
Experienced more negatively
No effect of paternal depression on nursing
More breastfeeding problems
* Moms with depression and on medication fed with breastmilk for longer durations than moms with
untreated depression
Depression in Newborns
Lower levels of dopamine and serotonin in newborns
Newborns crying more often
Brain activity of infant of moms with depression looks the same as in clinically depressed adults
Safety Practices
Moms with depression at 2-4 months
- less likely to use car seat
- less likely to reduce water temp on water heaters
Depressed moms at 30-33 months
- less likely to have safety latches
- No difference in car seat use than at 2 months
Child Development Practices
Depressed moms of 2-4 months
- played less and were less nurturing
,Depressed moms at 30-33 months
- spoke less to child, less able to limit television, unable to follow 2 or more routines, less nurturing
Depression at 4 years postpartum
Maternal depression is more common at 4 years postpartum than at any time in the first 12 months
postpartum
Women with one child at 4 years postpartum report significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms than
women with subsequent children
Prenatal Suicide
Blacks are more likely to have suicidal ideation
Most likely in women with lowest income
Related to psych illness, substance abuse
LESS associated with unemployment, adversity, single status and divorce
MMR
maternal mortality rate
Unnatural cause of death
Highest with postpartum psychiatric disorders
Highest within the first year after diagnosis
Infanticide
Rare
Greater risk with psychotic symptoms
Rarely has a history of abusing children
Usually part of a suicide attempt
No anger toward baby
Wish to not abandon baby and not burden others with baby
Risk Factors Towards Child Maltreatment
History of maltreatment
History of severe abuse
Substance abuse
Interpersonal violence
Young maternal age
Postpartum Depression in Dads
More likely if woman has a PMAD
More likely to spank
Less likely to read to child
Lesbian Partners
, Difficulty negotiating parental roles
Legal and Policy barriers
May be more likely to lack social support
Likely to be estranged from family
Social stress due to homophobia etc.
Difficulty accessing unbiased pregnancy and PP support
Effects on Partners
When the mother is unable to care for herself or the baby, the partner is left with overwhelming
responsibilities
Pulled between demands of work and home
Northing is done right
Efforts go unnoticed by her
Taking on the role of the mother
Fears she will never be the same
Angry that she is not pulling her weight at home
Frustrated because there is no apparent or easy solution
Epigenetics
Trauma can be passed down genetically to the baby
ACEs
Adverse Childhood Experiences
Urban ACES
Asks about factors of racism, poverty, abuse, pregnancy age, sexual activity, neighborhood, bullying, medical
issues and more.
TIC
Trauma Informed Care
Embraces a perspective that highlights adaptation over symptoms and resilience over pathology
Viewing trauma through an ecological and cultural lens and recognizing that context plays a significant role in
how individuals perceive and process traumatic events
Involves vigilance in anticipating and avoiding institutional processes and individual practices that are likely to
retraumatize
Resilience is part of TIC
Intersectonality
