NURS 2502 - Pathophysiology Exam 3 LATEST 2025 50 REAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES ALREDY GRADED A+
Signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes mellitus - (ANSWER)- Polyuria, Polydipsia,
Polyphagia
- weight loss
- fatigue
- increased frequency of infections
- rapid, early onset
- INSULIN DEPENDENT
Correlation of blood glucose levels with HGA1C results - (ANSWER)- As A1C % becomes
more elevated so does glucose
- 5.7 - 6.4 pre-diabetic
- 6.5 or above is diabetic!
Pathophysiology of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) - (ANSWER)- Relative or absolute insulin
deficiency
- Increase in counterregulatory hormones (glucagon, cortisol, catecholamines, growth hormone)
- Hyperglycemia
Cause of osmotic diuresis in the diabetic patient - (ANSWER)Increase in blood sugar
(Hyperglycemia)
· Characteristics of the Somogyi effect - (ANSWER)- Morning hyperglycemia after a night of
Hypoglycemia
- Tremors
, - Night sweats
- Restlessness
Nocturnal hypoglycemia
TNM staging of tumors - (ANSWER)- Tumor Size: 0-2cm, 2-5cm, >5cm, broken through skin
or attached to chest wall
- Node Status: can't feel, swollen nodes, swollen & lumpy nodes, nodes near collarbone
- Metastasis: 0 = cancer-free, 1 = cancer cells or micrometastasis
· Term generally given to a malignancy of glandular epithelial tissue - (ANSWER)-
Adenocarcinoma
· Characteristics of stem cells - (ANSWER)A mesenchymal stem cell is a primitive cell with
the ability to:
- Self-replicate
- Reduce inflammation
- Fight apoptosis
- Perpetual self-renewal
- Ability to differentiate into a specialized adult cell type such as muscle cells or RBC
· Characteristics of benign tumors - (ANSWER)- A slow, progressive rate of growth that may
come to a standstill or regress.
- An expansive manner of growth.
- Inability to metastasize to distant sites.
Composed of well-differentiated cells that resemble the cells of the tissue of origin
· Pathophysiology of osteoarthritis - (ANSWER)- Degenerative joint disease
- Primarily localized or generalized syndromes
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES ALREDY GRADED A+
Signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes mellitus - (ANSWER)- Polyuria, Polydipsia,
Polyphagia
- weight loss
- fatigue
- increased frequency of infections
- rapid, early onset
- INSULIN DEPENDENT
Correlation of blood glucose levels with HGA1C results - (ANSWER)- As A1C % becomes
more elevated so does glucose
- 5.7 - 6.4 pre-diabetic
- 6.5 or above is diabetic!
Pathophysiology of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) - (ANSWER)- Relative or absolute insulin
deficiency
- Increase in counterregulatory hormones (glucagon, cortisol, catecholamines, growth hormone)
- Hyperglycemia
Cause of osmotic diuresis in the diabetic patient - (ANSWER)Increase in blood sugar
(Hyperglycemia)
· Characteristics of the Somogyi effect - (ANSWER)- Morning hyperglycemia after a night of
Hypoglycemia
- Tremors
, - Night sweats
- Restlessness
Nocturnal hypoglycemia
TNM staging of tumors - (ANSWER)- Tumor Size: 0-2cm, 2-5cm, >5cm, broken through skin
or attached to chest wall
- Node Status: can't feel, swollen nodes, swollen & lumpy nodes, nodes near collarbone
- Metastasis: 0 = cancer-free, 1 = cancer cells or micrometastasis
· Term generally given to a malignancy of glandular epithelial tissue - (ANSWER)-
Adenocarcinoma
· Characteristics of stem cells - (ANSWER)A mesenchymal stem cell is a primitive cell with
the ability to:
- Self-replicate
- Reduce inflammation
- Fight apoptosis
- Perpetual self-renewal
- Ability to differentiate into a specialized adult cell type such as muscle cells or RBC
· Characteristics of benign tumors - (ANSWER)- A slow, progressive rate of growth that may
come to a standstill or regress.
- An expansive manner of growth.
- Inability to metastasize to distant sites.
Composed of well-differentiated cells that resemble the cells of the tissue of origin
· Pathophysiology of osteoarthritis - (ANSWER)- Degenerative joint disease
- Primarily localized or generalized syndromes
