ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 NEWES d d d d
T 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRE
d d d d d d d
CT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH d d d
RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GR d d d d
ADED A+ d
Your patient has a long history of mitral stenosis (narrowing of t
d d d d d d d d d d d
he mitral valve). As the years go by, the left atrium, which contra
d d d d d d d d d d d d
cts against the increased resistance of the stenotic valve, begins t
d d d d d d d d d d
o fail--
d
and output from the left ventricle begins to decline. If the left ven
d d d d d d d d d d d d
tricle were to undergo adaptation, what would it most likely be?
d d d d d d d d d d
a. atrophy.
b. hypertrophy.
c. hyperplasia.
d. metaplasia. - ....ANSWER...A d d
Which of the following is not characteristic of cellular dysplasia
d d d d d d d d d
?
a. variation in size and shape of cells d d d d d d
b. small, pale nuclei d d
c. disorderly arrangement of cells d d d
d. preneoplastic change - ....ANSWER...B d d d
If a normal individual began to take cortisol 100 mgs. every day a
d d d d d d d d d d d d
s a medication, which of the following would result?
d d d d d d d d
a. hypertrophy of the adrenal gland d d d d
b. hyperplasia of the adrenal gland d d d d
c. atrophy of the adrenal gland d d d d
,d. hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the adrenal gland - d d d d d d d
....ANSWER...C
If a normal individual began to take thyroid hormone 100 mcgs.
d d d d d d d d d d d
every day as a medication, which of the following would result?
d d d d d d d d d d
a. hypertrophy of the thyroid gland d d d d
b. hyperplasia of the thyroid gland d d d d
c. atrophy of the thyroid gland d d d d
d. hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the thyroid gland - d d d d d d d
....ANSWER...B
Chronic alcoholism can result in the development of a fatty liver
d d d d d d d d d d d
because it results in which of the following?
d d d d d d d
a. increased production of free fatty acids d d d d d
b. increased conversion of free fatty acids to triglycerides
d d d d d d d
c. decreased oxidation of cholesterol, triglycerides, and p
d d d d d d
hospholipids
d. decreased binding of cholesterol, triglycerides, and pd d d d d d
hospholipids to apoproteins - ....ANSWER...A d d d d
Which of the following is the primary difference between wet an
d d d d d d d d d d
d dry gangrene?
d d
a. Infection and inflammation are present in wet gangrene.
d d d d d d d
b. Wet gangrene results from arterial occlusion and dry g
d d d d d d d d
angrene from venous stasis. d d d
c. Dry gangrene involves the presence of Clostridium p
d d d d d d d
erfringens.
d. Wet gangrene occurs only in internal organs. -
d d d d d d d
....ANSWER...D
Which of the following components is not involved in apoptosis
d d d d d d d d d
?
,d a. Bcl-2
d
d b. apaf-1
d
d c. caspase 9
d d
d d. cytochrome c
d d
d e. HLA 2 - ....ANSWER...E
d d d d
Some cancer- d
causing viruses are able to protect the cells that they transform f
d d d d d d d d d d d
rom undergoing apoptosis by interfering with the action of the a
d d d d d d d d d d
poptosis promoter called: d d
a. TNF-alpha.
b. Fas.
c. p53.
d. IL-2.
e. INF-beta. - ....ANSWER...C d d
Which of the following diseases is thought to be related to free r
d d d d d d d d d d d d
adical damage? d
a. osteoarthritis
d d
b. detached retina
d d d
c. cerebral aneurysm
d d d
d. cancer - ....ANSWER...D
d d d d
Which of the following enzymes, released from dying cells, may
d d d d d d d d d d
indicate problems in the liver?
d d d d
a. alanine aminotransferase d
b. aspartate aminotransferase c. alkaline phosphatase d d d d
d. all of the above
d d d
e. none of the above - ....ANSWER...D
d d d d d
Researchers hypothesize that the disappearance of dopamine- d d d d d d
dgenerating cells in the midbrain in Parkinson's Disease may be re
d d d d d d d d d d
lated to oxidative stress due to a decrease in the amount of
d d d d d d d d d d d
, glutathione in the midbrain. The best explanation for this theory i
d d d d d d d d d d
s which of the following?
d d d d
a. DNA synthesis requires glutathione for optimal d
d d d d d d
evelopment.
b. Dopamine synthesis requires glutathione to prevent free r d d d d d d d
adical production.
d
c. Free radicals produced via dopamine synthesis are n
d d d d d d d
eutralized by glutathione. d d
d. Glutathione is needed for entry of dopamine into the c d d d d d d d d d
erebral circulation. - ....ANSWER...C
d d d
Which of the following is(are) true regarding aging?
d d d d d d d
a. may involve an increase in autoantibodies
d d d d d
b. may result from damage accumulation
d d d d
c. both are true d d
d. neither is true - ....ANSWER...C d d d d
In theories of aging, cross-
d d d d
linking implies which of the following?
d d d d d
a. The lifespan and number of times a cell can replicate are pr
d d d d d d d d d d d
eprogrammed.
b. The number of cell doublings is limited.
d d d d d d
c. There is oxygen toxicity. d d d
d. Cell permeability decreases. - ....ANSWER...D
d d d d
When myocardial cells are injured, the function of the Na-
d d d d d d d d d
K membrane pump may be impaired. Which of the following ma
d d d d d d d d d d
y then result?
d d
a. intracellular sodium will increase d d d
b. extracellular potassium will decrease d d d
c. cell volume will decrease
d d d
d. all of the above - ...ANSWER...A
d d d d d
T 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRE
d d d d d d d
CT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH d d d
RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GR d d d d
ADED A+ d
Your patient has a long history of mitral stenosis (narrowing of t
d d d d d d d d d d d
he mitral valve). As the years go by, the left atrium, which contra
d d d d d d d d d d d d
cts against the increased resistance of the stenotic valve, begins t
d d d d d d d d d d
o fail--
d
and output from the left ventricle begins to decline. If the left ven
d d d d d d d d d d d d
tricle were to undergo adaptation, what would it most likely be?
d d d d d d d d d d
a. atrophy.
b. hypertrophy.
c. hyperplasia.
d. metaplasia. - ....ANSWER...A d d
Which of the following is not characteristic of cellular dysplasia
d d d d d d d d d
?
a. variation in size and shape of cells d d d d d d
b. small, pale nuclei d d
c. disorderly arrangement of cells d d d
d. preneoplastic change - ....ANSWER...B d d d
If a normal individual began to take cortisol 100 mgs. every day a
d d d d d d d d d d d d
s a medication, which of the following would result?
d d d d d d d d
a. hypertrophy of the adrenal gland d d d d
b. hyperplasia of the adrenal gland d d d d
c. atrophy of the adrenal gland d d d d
,d. hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the adrenal gland - d d d d d d d
....ANSWER...C
If a normal individual began to take thyroid hormone 100 mcgs.
d d d d d d d d d d d
every day as a medication, which of the following would result?
d d d d d d d d d d
a. hypertrophy of the thyroid gland d d d d
b. hyperplasia of the thyroid gland d d d d
c. atrophy of the thyroid gland d d d d
d. hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the thyroid gland - d d d d d d d
....ANSWER...B
Chronic alcoholism can result in the development of a fatty liver
d d d d d d d d d d d
because it results in which of the following?
d d d d d d d
a. increased production of free fatty acids d d d d d
b. increased conversion of free fatty acids to triglycerides
d d d d d d d
c. decreased oxidation of cholesterol, triglycerides, and p
d d d d d d
hospholipids
d. decreased binding of cholesterol, triglycerides, and pd d d d d d
hospholipids to apoproteins - ....ANSWER...A d d d d
Which of the following is the primary difference between wet an
d d d d d d d d d d
d dry gangrene?
d d
a. Infection and inflammation are present in wet gangrene.
d d d d d d d
b. Wet gangrene results from arterial occlusion and dry g
d d d d d d d d
angrene from venous stasis. d d d
c. Dry gangrene involves the presence of Clostridium p
d d d d d d d
erfringens.
d. Wet gangrene occurs only in internal organs. -
d d d d d d d
....ANSWER...D
Which of the following components is not involved in apoptosis
d d d d d d d d d
?
,d a. Bcl-2
d
d b. apaf-1
d
d c. caspase 9
d d
d d. cytochrome c
d d
d e. HLA 2 - ....ANSWER...E
d d d d
Some cancer- d
causing viruses are able to protect the cells that they transform f
d d d d d d d d d d d
rom undergoing apoptosis by interfering with the action of the a
d d d d d d d d d d
poptosis promoter called: d d
a. TNF-alpha.
b. Fas.
c. p53.
d. IL-2.
e. INF-beta. - ....ANSWER...C d d
Which of the following diseases is thought to be related to free r
d d d d d d d d d d d d
adical damage? d
a. osteoarthritis
d d
b. detached retina
d d d
c. cerebral aneurysm
d d d
d. cancer - ....ANSWER...D
d d d d
Which of the following enzymes, released from dying cells, may
d d d d d d d d d d
indicate problems in the liver?
d d d d
a. alanine aminotransferase d
b. aspartate aminotransferase c. alkaline phosphatase d d d d
d. all of the above
d d d
e. none of the above - ....ANSWER...D
d d d d d
Researchers hypothesize that the disappearance of dopamine- d d d d d d
dgenerating cells in the midbrain in Parkinson's Disease may be re
d d d d d d d d d d
lated to oxidative stress due to a decrease in the amount of
d d d d d d d d d d d
, glutathione in the midbrain. The best explanation for this theory i
d d d d d d d d d d
s which of the following?
d d d d
a. DNA synthesis requires glutathione for optimal d
d d d d d d
evelopment.
b. Dopamine synthesis requires glutathione to prevent free r d d d d d d d
adical production.
d
c. Free radicals produced via dopamine synthesis are n
d d d d d d d
eutralized by glutathione. d d
d. Glutathione is needed for entry of dopamine into the c d d d d d d d d d
erebral circulation. - ....ANSWER...C
d d d
Which of the following is(are) true regarding aging?
d d d d d d d
a. may involve an increase in autoantibodies
d d d d d
b. may result from damage accumulation
d d d d
c. both are true d d
d. neither is true - ....ANSWER...C d d d d
In theories of aging, cross-
d d d d
linking implies which of the following?
d d d d d
a. The lifespan and number of times a cell can replicate are pr
d d d d d d d d d d d
eprogrammed.
b. The number of cell doublings is limited.
d d d d d d
c. There is oxygen toxicity. d d d
d. Cell permeability decreases. - ....ANSWER...D
d d d d
When myocardial cells are injured, the function of the Na-
d d d d d d d d d
K membrane pump may be impaired. Which of the following ma
d d d d d d d d d d
y then result?
d d
a. intracellular sodium will increase d d d
b. extracellular potassium will decrease d d d
c. cell volume will decrease
d d d
d. all of the above - ...ANSWER...A
d d d d d
