COMMON MEDICAL TOPICS THAT ARE OFTEN COV g g g g g g
ERED ON MEDICAL EXAMS AND TEST g g g g g
• Anatomy: This includes the study of the structure and function of th
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e human body, including the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, respi
g g g g g g g
ratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and nervous systems.
g g g g g
Anatomy
Anatomy is the branch of biology that studies the physical structure and org
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anization of living organisms. It involves examining the internal and extern
g g g g g g g g g g
al structures of organisms, ranging from the molecular level to the whole or
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ganism level. g
Anatomy can be divided into several subfields, including human anatomy, a
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nimal anatomy, and plant anatomy. Human anatomy is the study of the stru
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cture of the human body, while animal anatomy is the study of the structure
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of animals. Plant anatomy, on the other hand, focuses on the structure of pla
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nts.
Anatomy is an important field of study for many professions, including me
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dicine, biology, veterinary science, and physical therapy. It helps professio
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nals understand the structure and function of different parts of the body, an
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d how they interact with each other. By studying anatomy, professionals ca
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n better diagnose and treat medical conditions, as well as design and develo
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p new treatments and therapies.
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1
, • Physiology: This includes the study of the functions and processes o g g g g g g g g g g
f the body, including the cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, and
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renal systems. g
Physiology
Physiology is the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of l
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iving organisms and their parts. It is the study of the mechanisms and proce
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sses that enable organisms to carry out their essential functions, such as meta
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bolism, circulation, respiration, and reproduction.
g g g g
Physiology can be divided into several subfields, including human physiol
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ogy, animal physiology, and plant physiology. Human physiology is the stu
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dy of the functions of the human body, while animal physiology focuses on
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the functions of animals. Plant physiology is the study of the functions of pl
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ants.
Physiology is an important field of study for many professions, including m
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edicine, biology, veterinary science, and physical therapy. By studying phy
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siology, professionals can understand how the body's systems and organs
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work together to maintain health and respond to disease. This knowledge c
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an be used to develop new treatments and therapies, as well as to improve o
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verall health and well-being.
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2
, • Pathology: This includes the study of the causes, processes, and ef g g g g g g g g g g
fects of disease, including infectious diseases, cancer, and genetic
g g g g g g g g g
disorders.
Pathology
Pathology is the branch of medical science that deals with the study of dise
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
ases and their effects on the body. It involves the examination of tissues, or
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
gans, and body fluids to identify the causes, mechanisms, and consequence
g g g g g g g g g g
s of diseases.
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Pathologists use various techniques and tools to study diseases at the cellul
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ar, molecular, and organ system levels. They may perform laboratory tests,
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such as blood tests, microbiology cultures, or histopathology evaluations, t
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o diagnose and monitor diseases.
g g g g
Pathology is also used to investigate the causes of death and to determine th
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e nature and extent of injuries in cases of trauma. Pathologists may work in h
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
ospitals, research laboratories, medical schools, or government agencies.
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There are different specialties within pathology, such as anatomical pathol
g g g g g g g g g
ogy, which deals with the study of tissues and organs; clinical pathology, w
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hich deals with laboratory testing of bodily fluids; and forensic pathology,
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which deals with the investigation of deaths and injuries for legal purposes.
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3
, • Pharmacology: This includes the study of drugs and their effects o g g g g g g g g g g
n the body, including how they are absorbed, distributed, metaboliz
g g g g g g g g g
ed, and eliminated. g g
Pharmacology
Pharmacology is the branch of medical science that deals with the study of
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drugs and their effects on the body. It involves the study of how drugs intera
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
ct with biological systems, how they are absorbed, distributed, metabolize
g g g g g g g g g
d, and excreted by the body, and how they affect the physiological and bioc
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
hemical processes. g
Pharmacologists study the properties of drugs, including their chemical str
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ucture, mechanism of action, therapeutic effects, and potential side effects.
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They also study the development and testing of new drugs and their effects
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on humans and animals.
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Pharmacology plays a critical role in the development of new drugs and tre
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atments for various diseases and conditions. It also helps healthcare profess
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ionals to understand the benefits and risks associated with different drugs an
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d to make informed decisions about their use in patient care.
g g g g g g g g g g
There are different areas of specialization within pharmacology, such as cli
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nical pharmacology, which focuses on the use of drugs in clinical practice;
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toxicology, which deals with the study of the adverse effects of drugs on th
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e body; and pharmacogenetics, which studies the genetic factors that influe
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nce the response of individuals to drugs.
g g g g g g
4
ERED ON MEDICAL EXAMS AND TEST g g g g g
• Anatomy: This includes the study of the structure and function of th
g g g g g g g g g g g
e human body, including the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, respi
g g g g g g g
ratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and nervous systems.
g g g g g
Anatomy
Anatomy is the branch of biology that studies the physical structure and org
g g g g g g g g g g g g
anization of living organisms. It involves examining the internal and extern
g g g g g g g g g g
al structures of organisms, ranging from the molecular level to the whole or
g g g g g g g g g g g g
ganism level. g
Anatomy can be divided into several subfields, including human anatomy, a
g g g g g g g g g g
nimal anatomy, and plant anatomy. Human anatomy is the study of the stru
g g g g g g g g g g g g
cture of the human body, while animal anatomy is the study of the structure
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
of animals. Plant anatomy, on the other hand, focuses on the structure of pla
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
nts.
Anatomy is an important field of study for many professions, including me
g g g g g g g g g g g
dicine, biology, veterinary science, and physical therapy. It helps professio
g g g g g g g g g
nals understand the structure and function of different parts of the body, an
g g g g g g g g g g g g
d how they interact with each other. By studying anatomy, professionals ca
g g g g g g g g g g g
n better diagnose and treat medical conditions, as well as design and develo
g g g g g g g g g g g g
p new treatments and therapies.
g g g g
1
, • Physiology: This includes the study of the functions and processes o g g g g g g g g g g
f the body, including the cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, and
g g g g g g g g g
renal systems. g
Physiology
Physiology is the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of l
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
iving organisms and their parts. It is the study of the mechanisms and proce
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
sses that enable organisms to carry out their essential functions, such as meta
g g g g g g g g g g g g
bolism, circulation, respiration, and reproduction.
g g g g
Physiology can be divided into several subfields, including human physiol
g g g g g g g g g
ogy, animal physiology, and plant physiology. Human physiology is the stu
g g g g g g g g g g
dy of the functions of the human body, while animal physiology focuses on
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
the functions of animals. Plant physiology is the study of the functions of pl
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
ants.
Physiology is an important field of study for many professions, including m
g g g g g g g g g g g
edicine, biology, veterinary science, and physical therapy. By studying phy
g g g g g g g g g
siology, professionals can understand how the body's systems and organs
g g g g g g g g g g
work together to maintain health and respond to disease. This knowledge c
g g g g g g g g g g g
an be used to develop new treatments and therapies, as well as to improve o
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
verall health and well-being.
g g g
2
, • Pathology: This includes the study of the causes, processes, and ef g g g g g g g g g g
fects of disease, including infectious diseases, cancer, and genetic
g g g g g g g g g
disorders.
Pathology
Pathology is the branch of medical science that deals with the study of dise
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
ases and their effects on the body. It involves the examination of tissues, or
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
gans, and body fluids to identify the causes, mechanisms, and consequence
g g g g g g g g g g
s of diseases.
g g
Pathologists use various techniques and tools to study diseases at the cellul
g g g g g g g g g g g
ar, molecular, and organ system levels. They may perform laboratory tests,
g g g g g g g g g g g
such as blood tests, microbiology cultures, or histopathology evaluations, t
g g g g g g g g g
o diagnose and monitor diseases.
g g g g
Pathology is also used to investigate the causes of death and to determine th
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
e nature and extent of injuries in cases of trauma. Pathologists may work in h
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
ospitals, research laboratories, medical schools, or government agencies.
g g g g g g g
There are different specialties within pathology, such as anatomical pathol
g g g g g g g g g
ogy, which deals with the study of tissues and organs; clinical pathology, w
g g g g g g g g g g g g
hich deals with laboratory testing of bodily fluids; and forensic pathology,
g g g g g g g g g g g
which deals with the investigation of deaths and injuries for legal purposes.
g g g g g g g g g g g
3
, • Pharmacology: This includes the study of drugs and their effects o g g g g g g g g g g
n the body, including how they are absorbed, distributed, metaboliz
g g g g g g g g g
ed, and eliminated. g g
Pharmacology
Pharmacology is the branch of medical science that deals with the study of
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
drugs and their effects on the body. It involves the study of how drugs intera
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
ct with biological systems, how they are absorbed, distributed, metabolize
g g g g g g g g g
d, and excreted by the body, and how they affect the physiological and bioc
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
hemical processes. g
Pharmacologists study the properties of drugs, including their chemical str
g g g g g g g g g
ucture, mechanism of action, therapeutic effects, and potential side effects.
g g g g g g g g g g
They also study the development and testing of new drugs and their effects
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
on humans and animals.
g g g
Pharmacology plays a critical role in the development of new drugs and tre
g g g g g g g g g g g g
atments for various diseases and conditions. It also helps healthcare profess
g g g g g g g g g g
ionals to understand the benefits and risks associated with different drugs an
g g g g g g g g g g g
d to make informed decisions about their use in patient care.
g g g g g g g g g g
There are different areas of specialization within pharmacology, such as cli
g g g g g g g g g g
nical pharmacology, which focuses on the use of drugs in clinical practice;
g g g g g g g g g g g g
toxicology, which deals with the study of the adverse effects of drugs on th
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
e body; and pharmacogenetics, which studies the genetic factors that influe
g g g g g g g g g g
nce the response of individuals to drugs.
g g g g g g
4
