lOMoARcPSD| 126
g g
,lOMoARcPSD| 126
g g
, lOMoARcPSD| 126
g g
Test Bank for Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care 7th
g g g g g g g g g g g g
Edition Dains g g
Chapter 1: Clinical Reasoning, Differential Diagnosis, Evidence-Based Practice, and Symptom Analysis
g g g g g g g g g g
Multiple Choice
g
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
g g g g g g g g g g g
1. Which gtype gof gclinical gdecision-making gis gmost greliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
2. Which gof gthe gfollowing gis gfalse? gTo gobtain gadequate ghistory, ghealth-care gproviders gmust gbe:
A. Methodical gand gsystematic
B. Attentive gto gthe gpatient‘s gverbal gand gnonverbal glanguage
C. Able gto gaccuratelyginterpret gthe gpatient‘s gresponses
D. Adept gat greading gintogthe gpatient‘s gstatements
3. Essential gparts gof ga ghealth ghistoryginclude gall gof gthe gfollowing gexcept:
A. Chief gcomplaint
B. Historygof gthe gpresent gillness
C. Current gvital gsigns
D. All gof gthe gabove gare gessential ghistorygcomponents
4. Which gof gthe gfollowing gis gfalse? gWhile gperforming gthe gphysical gexamination, gthe gexaminer gmust gbe gable gto:
A. Differentiate gbetween gnormal gand gabnormal gfindings
B. Recall gknowledge gof ga grange gof gconditions gand gtheir gassociated gsigns gand gsymptoms
C. Recognize ghow gcertain gconditions gaffect gthe gresponse gto gother gconditions
D. Foresee gunpredictable g findings
5. The gfollowing gis gthe gleast greliable gsource gof ginformation gfor gdiagnostic gstatistics:
A. Evidence-based g investigations
B. Primarygreports gof gresearch
C. Estimation gbased gon ga gprovider‘s gexperience
D. Published g meta-analyses
6. The gfollowing gcan gbe gused gto gassist gin gsound gclinical gdecision-making:
A. Algorithmgpublished gin ga gpeer-reviewed gjournal garticle
B. Clinical gpractice gguidelines
C. Evidence-based g research
D. All gof gthe gabove
7. If ga gdiagnostic gstudyghas ghigh gsensitivity, g this gindicates ga:
A. High gpercentage gof gpersons gwith gthe ggiven gcondition gwill ghave gan gabnormal gresult
B. Low gpercentage gof gpersons gwith gthe ggiven gcondition gwill ghave gan gabnormal gresult
C. Low glikelihood gof gnormal gresult gin gpersons gwithout ga ggiven gcondition
D. None gof gthe gabove
8. If ga gdiagnostic gstudyghas ghigh gspecificity, gthis gindicates ga:
A. Low gpercentage gof ghealthygindividuals gwill gshow ga gnormal gresult
B. High gpercentage gof ghealthygindividuals gwill gshow ga gnormal gresult
C. High gpercentage gof gindividuals gwith ga gdisorder gwill gshow ga gnormal gresult
D. Low gpercentage gof gindividuals gwith ga gdisorder gwill gshow gan gabnormal gresult
9. A glikelihood gratio gabove g1 gindicates gthat ga gdiagnostic gtest gshowing ga:
A. Positive gresult gis gstronglygassociated gwith gthe gdisease
B. Negative gresult gis gstronglygassociated gwith gabsence gof gthe gdisease
C. Positive gresult gis gweaklygassociated gwith gthe gdisease
D. Negative gresult gis gweaklygassociated gwith gabsence gof gthe gdisease
10. Which gof gthe gfollowing gclinical greasoning gtools gis gdefined gas gevidence-based gresource gbased gon gmathematical
gmodeling gto gexpress gthe glikelihood gof ga gcondition gin gselect gsituations, gsettings, gand/or gpatients?
, lOMoARcPSD| 126
g g
A. Clinical gpractice gguideline
B. Clinical gdecision grule
C. Clinical galgorithm
Chapter 1: Clinical reasoning, differential diagnosis, evidence-based practice, and symptom ana
g g g g g g g g g g
Answer Section
g
MULTIPLE gCHOICE
1. ANS: B
Croskerry g(2009) gdescribes gtwo gmajor gtypes gof gclinical gdiagnostic gdecision-making: gintuitive gand ganalytical. gIntuitive
gdecision- gmaking g(similar gto gAugenblink gdecision-making) gis gbased gon gthe gexperience gand gintuition gof gthe gclinician gand gis
gless greliable gand gpaired gwith gfairly gcommon gerrors. gIn gcontrast, ganalytical gdecision-making gis gbased gon gcareful gconsideration
gand ghas ggreater greliability gwith grare gerrors.
PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
To gobtain gadequate ghistory, gproviders gmust gbe gwell gorganized, gattentive gto gthe gpatient‘s gverbal gand gnonverbal glanguage, gand
gable gto gaccurately ginterpret gthe gpatient‘s gresponses gto gquestions. gRather gthan greading ginto gthe gpatient‘s gstatements, gthey
gclarify gany gareas gof guncertainty.
PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vital gsigns gare gpart gof gthe gphysical gexamination gportion gof gpatient gassessment, gnot gpart gof gthe ghealth ghistory.
PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
While gperforming gthe gphysical gexamination, gthe gexaminer gmust gbe gable gto gdifferentiate gbetween gnormal gand gabnormal
gfindings, grecall gknowledge gof ga grange gof gconditions, gincluding gtheir gassociated gsigns gand gsymptoms, grecognize ghow gcertain
gconditions gaffect gthe gresponse gto gother gconditions, gand gdistinguish gthe grelevance gof gvaried gabnormal gfindings.
PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sources gfor gdiagnostic gstatistics ginclude gtextbooks, gprimary greports gof gresearch, gand gpublished gmeta-analyses. gAnother gsource
gof gstatistics, gthe gone gthat ghas gbeen gmost gwidelygused gand gavailable gfor gapplication gto gthe greasoning gprocess, gis gthe gestimation
gbased gon ga gprovider‘s gexperience, galthough gthese gare grarely gaccurate. gOver gthe gpast gdecade, gthe gavailability gof gevidence gon
gwhich gto gbase gclinical greasoning gis gimproving, g and gthere gis gan gincreasing gexpectation gthat gclinical greasoning gbe gbased gon
gscientific gevidence.
Evidence-based gstatistics g are g also gincreasingly gbeing gused gto gdevelop g resources gto gfacilitate g clinical g decision-making.
PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
To gassist gin gclinical gdecision-making, ga gnumber gof gevidence-based gresources ghave gbeen gdeveloped gto gassist gthe gclinician.
gResources, gsuch gas galgorithms gand gclinical gpractice gguidelines, gassist gin gclinical greasoning gwhen gproperly gapplied.
PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
The gsensitivity gof ga gdiagnostic gstudy gis gthe gpercentage gof gindividuals gwith gthe gtarget gcondition gwho gshow gan gabnormal, gor
g positive, gresult. gA ghigh gsensitivity gindicates gthat ga ggreater gpercentage gof gpersons gwith gthe ggiven gcondition gwill ghave gan
gabnormal gresult.
PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
The gspecificity gof ga gdiagnostic gstudy gis gthe gpercentage gof gnormal, ghealthy gindividuals gwho ghave ga gnormal gresult. gThe ggreater
gthe gspecificity, gthe ggreater gthe gpercentage gof gindividuals gwho gwill ghave gnegative, gor gnormal, gresults gif gthey gdo gnot ghave gthe
gtarget gcondition.
PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
The glikelihood gratio gis gthe gprobability gthat ga gpositive gtest gresult gwill gbe gassociated gwith ga gperson gwho ghas gthe gtarget gcondition
gand ga gnegative gresult gwill gbe gassociated gwith ga ghealthy gperson. gA glikelihood gratio gabove g1 gindicates gthat ga gpositive gresult gis
gassociated gwith gthe gdisease; ga glikelihood gratio gless gthan g1 gindicates gthat ga gnegative gresult gis gassociated gwith gan gabsence gof gthe
gdisease.
g g
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g g
, lOMoARcPSD| 126
g g
Test Bank for Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care 7th
g g g g g g g g g g g g
Edition Dains g g
Chapter 1: Clinical Reasoning, Differential Diagnosis, Evidence-Based Practice, and Symptom Analysis
g g g g g g g g g g
Multiple Choice
g
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
g g g g g g g g g g g
1. Which gtype gof gclinical gdecision-making gis gmost greliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
2. Which gof gthe gfollowing gis gfalse? gTo gobtain gadequate ghistory, ghealth-care gproviders gmust gbe:
A. Methodical gand gsystematic
B. Attentive gto gthe gpatient‘s gverbal gand gnonverbal glanguage
C. Able gto gaccuratelyginterpret gthe gpatient‘s gresponses
D. Adept gat greading gintogthe gpatient‘s gstatements
3. Essential gparts gof ga ghealth ghistoryginclude gall gof gthe gfollowing gexcept:
A. Chief gcomplaint
B. Historygof gthe gpresent gillness
C. Current gvital gsigns
D. All gof gthe gabove gare gessential ghistorygcomponents
4. Which gof gthe gfollowing gis gfalse? gWhile gperforming gthe gphysical gexamination, gthe gexaminer gmust gbe gable gto:
A. Differentiate gbetween gnormal gand gabnormal gfindings
B. Recall gknowledge gof ga grange gof gconditions gand gtheir gassociated gsigns gand gsymptoms
C. Recognize ghow gcertain gconditions gaffect gthe gresponse gto gother gconditions
D. Foresee gunpredictable g findings
5. The gfollowing gis gthe gleast greliable gsource gof ginformation gfor gdiagnostic gstatistics:
A. Evidence-based g investigations
B. Primarygreports gof gresearch
C. Estimation gbased gon ga gprovider‘s gexperience
D. Published g meta-analyses
6. The gfollowing gcan gbe gused gto gassist gin gsound gclinical gdecision-making:
A. Algorithmgpublished gin ga gpeer-reviewed gjournal garticle
B. Clinical gpractice gguidelines
C. Evidence-based g research
D. All gof gthe gabove
7. If ga gdiagnostic gstudyghas ghigh gsensitivity, g this gindicates ga:
A. High gpercentage gof gpersons gwith gthe ggiven gcondition gwill ghave gan gabnormal gresult
B. Low gpercentage gof gpersons gwith gthe ggiven gcondition gwill ghave gan gabnormal gresult
C. Low glikelihood gof gnormal gresult gin gpersons gwithout ga ggiven gcondition
D. None gof gthe gabove
8. If ga gdiagnostic gstudyghas ghigh gspecificity, gthis gindicates ga:
A. Low gpercentage gof ghealthygindividuals gwill gshow ga gnormal gresult
B. High gpercentage gof ghealthygindividuals gwill gshow ga gnormal gresult
C. High gpercentage gof gindividuals gwith ga gdisorder gwill gshow ga gnormal gresult
D. Low gpercentage gof gindividuals gwith ga gdisorder gwill gshow gan gabnormal gresult
9. A glikelihood gratio gabove g1 gindicates gthat ga gdiagnostic gtest gshowing ga:
A. Positive gresult gis gstronglygassociated gwith gthe gdisease
B. Negative gresult gis gstronglygassociated gwith gabsence gof gthe gdisease
C. Positive gresult gis gweaklygassociated gwith gthe gdisease
D. Negative gresult gis gweaklygassociated gwith gabsence gof gthe gdisease
10. Which gof gthe gfollowing gclinical greasoning gtools gis gdefined gas gevidence-based gresource gbased gon gmathematical
gmodeling gto gexpress gthe glikelihood gof ga gcondition gin gselect gsituations, gsettings, gand/or gpatients?
, lOMoARcPSD| 126
g g
A. Clinical gpractice gguideline
B. Clinical gdecision grule
C. Clinical galgorithm
Chapter 1: Clinical reasoning, differential diagnosis, evidence-based practice, and symptom ana
g g g g g g g g g g
Answer Section
g
MULTIPLE gCHOICE
1. ANS: B
Croskerry g(2009) gdescribes gtwo gmajor gtypes gof gclinical gdiagnostic gdecision-making: gintuitive gand ganalytical. gIntuitive
gdecision- gmaking g(similar gto gAugenblink gdecision-making) gis gbased gon gthe gexperience gand gintuition gof gthe gclinician gand gis
gless greliable gand gpaired gwith gfairly gcommon gerrors. gIn gcontrast, ganalytical gdecision-making gis gbased gon gcareful gconsideration
gand ghas ggreater greliability gwith grare gerrors.
PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
To gobtain gadequate ghistory, gproviders gmust gbe gwell gorganized, gattentive gto gthe gpatient‘s gverbal gand gnonverbal glanguage, gand
gable gto gaccurately ginterpret gthe gpatient‘s gresponses gto gquestions. gRather gthan greading ginto gthe gpatient‘s gstatements, gthey
gclarify gany gareas gof guncertainty.
PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vital gsigns gare gpart gof gthe gphysical gexamination gportion gof gpatient gassessment, gnot gpart gof gthe ghealth ghistory.
PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
While gperforming gthe gphysical gexamination, gthe gexaminer gmust gbe gable gto gdifferentiate gbetween gnormal gand gabnormal
gfindings, grecall gknowledge gof ga grange gof gconditions, gincluding gtheir gassociated gsigns gand gsymptoms, grecognize ghow gcertain
gconditions gaffect gthe gresponse gto gother gconditions, gand gdistinguish gthe grelevance gof gvaried gabnormal gfindings.
PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sources gfor gdiagnostic gstatistics ginclude gtextbooks, gprimary greports gof gresearch, gand gpublished gmeta-analyses. gAnother gsource
gof gstatistics, gthe gone gthat ghas gbeen gmost gwidelygused gand gavailable gfor gapplication gto gthe greasoning gprocess, gis gthe gestimation
gbased gon ga gprovider‘s gexperience, galthough gthese gare grarely gaccurate. gOver gthe gpast gdecade, gthe gavailability gof gevidence gon
gwhich gto gbase gclinical greasoning gis gimproving, g and gthere gis gan gincreasing gexpectation gthat gclinical greasoning gbe gbased gon
gscientific gevidence.
Evidence-based gstatistics g are g also gincreasingly gbeing gused gto gdevelop g resources gto gfacilitate g clinical g decision-making.
PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
To gassist gin gclinical gdecision-making, ga gnumber gof gevidence-based gresources ghave gbeen gdeveloped gto gassist gthe gclinician.
gResources, gsuch gas galgorithms gand gclinical gpractice gguidelines, gassist gin gclinical greasoning gwhen gproperly gapplied.
PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
The gsensitivity gof ga gdiagnostic gstudy gis gthe gpercentage gof gindividuals gwith gthe gtarget gcondition gwho gshow gan gabnormal, gor
g positive, gresult. gA ghigh gsensitivity gindicates gthat ga ggreater gpercentage gof gpersons gwith gthe ggiven gcondition gwill ghave gan
gabnormal gresult.
PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
The gspecificity gof ga gdiagnostic gstudy gis gthe gpercentage gof gnormal, ghealthy gindividuals gwho ghave ga gnormal gresult. gThe ggreater
gthe gspecificity, gthe ggreater gthe gpercentage gof gindividuals gwho gwill ghave gnegative, gor gnormal, gresults gif gthey gdo gnot ghave gthe
gtarget gcondition.
PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
The glikelihood gratio gis gthe gprobability gthat ga gpositive gtest gresult gwill gbe gassociated gwith ga gperson gwho ghas gthe gtarget gcondition
gand ga gnegative gresult gwill gbe gassociated gwith ga ghealthy gperson. gA glikelihood gratio gabove g1 gindicates gthat ga gpositive gresult gis
gassociated gwith gthe gdisease; ga glikelihood gratio gless gthan g1 gindicates gthat ga gnegative gresult gis gassociated gwith gan gabsence gof gthe
gdisease.
