Full AP Psychology Exam Review 2025 Absolute Refractory Period - CORRRECT ANSWERS The minimum length of time after an action potential during which another action potential cannot begin. Acetylcholine (Ach) - CORRRECT ANSWERS A neurotransmitter involved

Full AP Psychology Exam Review 2025

Absolute Refractory Period - CORRRECT ANSWERS The minimum length of time
after an action potential during which another action potential cannot begin.

Acetylcholine (Ach) - CORRRECT ANSWERS A neurotransmitter involved in learning,
memory and muscle movement

Action Potential - CORRRECT ANSWERS A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge
that travels down an axon

Adrenal Glands - CORRRECT ANSWERS A pair of endocrine glands just above the
kidneys. The adrenals secrete the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and
norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which help to arouse the bode in times of stress.

Afferent Nerve Fibers - CORRRECT ANSWERS Axons that carry information inward to
the central nervous system from the periphery of the body

Agonist - CORRRECT ANSWERS Excite neurons by mimicking natural
neurotransmitters or blocking their reuptake to keep more in your system.

Alzheimer's Disease - CORRRECT ANSWERS An irreversible, progressive brain
disorder, characterized by the deterioration of memory, language, and eventually,
physical functioning.

Amygdala - CORRRECT ANSWERS Two almond-shaped neural clusters that are
components of the limbic system and are linked to emoption

Antagonist - CORRRECT ANSWERS Blocks neural impulses by blocking receptor sites
or diminishing their release

Aphasia - CORRRECT ANSWERS Inability to use or understand language (spoken or
written) because of a brain lesion.

Association Areas - CORRRECT ANSWERS Areas of the cerebral cortex that are not
involved in primary motor or sensory functions; rather, they are involved in higher
mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking.

Autonomic Nervous System - CORRRECT ANSWERS The part of the nervous system
of vertebrates that controls involuntary actions of the smooth muscles and heart and
glands

,Axon - CORRRECT ANSWERS Long nerve fiber that conducts away from the cell body
of the neuron

Biopsychology (Biological Psychology) - CORRRECT ANSWERS Specialty in
psychology that studies the interaction of biology, behavior and mental processes

Behavioral Genetics - CORRRECT ANSWERS Study of hereditary influences and how
it influences behavior and thinking

Brainstem - CORRRECT ANSWERS The part of the brain continuous with the spinal
cord and comprising the medulla oblongata and pons and midbrain and parts of the
hypothalamus.

Central Nervous System - CORRRECT ANSWERS The portion of the vertebrate
nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord

Cerebellum - CORRRECT ANSWERS The "little brain" attached to the rear of the
brainstem; it helps coordinate voluntary movement and balance

Cerebral Cortex - CORRRECT ANSWERS The layer of unmyelinated neurons (the
gray matter) forming the cortex of the cerebrum

Cerebral Hemispheres - CORRRECT ANSWERS The right and left halves of the
cerebrum

Cerebrospinal Fluid - CORRRECT ANSWERS Clear liquid produced in the ventricles of
the brain

Computerized Tomography - CORRRECT ANSWERS A method of examining body
organs by scanning them with X rays and using a computer to construct a series of
cross-sectional scans along a single axis

Corpus Callosum - CORRRECT ANSWERS A broad transverse nerve tract connecting
the two cerebral hemispheres

Dendrites - CORRRECT ANSWERS Branching extensions of neuron that receives
messages from neighboring neurons

Efferent Nerve Fibers - CORRRECT ANSWERS Axons that carry information outward
from the central nervous system to the periphery of the body

Electroencephalogram - CORRRECT ANSWERS A graphical record of electrical
activity of the brain

Endocrine System - CORRRECT ANSWERS The system of glands that produce
endocrine secretions that help to control bodily metabolic activity

,Endorphins - CORRRECT ANSWERS Natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to
pain control and to pleasures

Exitatory PSP - CORRRECT ANSWERS An electric potential that increases the
likelihood that a postsynaptic neuron will fire action potentials

Forebrain - CORRRECT ANSWERS The top of the brain which includes the thalamus,
hypothalamus, and cerebral cortex; responsible for emotional regulation, complex
thought, memory aspect of personality

Glial Cell - CORRRECT ANSWERS A type of cell that surrounds neurons, influences
the communication among neurons, and generally helps in the "care and feeding" of
neurons

Hindbrain - CORRRECT ANSWERS Division which includes the cerebellum, pons, and
medulla; responsible for involuntary processes; blood pressure, body temperature, heart
rate, breathing, sleep cycles

Hormones - CORRRECT ANSWERS Chemical messengers, mostly those
manufactured by the endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect
another

Hypothalamus - CORRRECT ANSWERS A neural structure lying below the thalamus;
directs eating, drinking, body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the
pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion

Interneuron - CORRRECT ANSWERS Nerve cell located entirely in the central nervous
system that integrates sensory information and sends motor commands

Inhibitory PSP - CORRRECT ANSWERS An electric potential that decreases the
likelihood that a postsynaptic neuron will fire action potentials

Lesioning - CORRRECT ANSWERS Destroying a piece of the brain

Limbic System - CORRRECT ANSWERS A system of functionally related neural
structures in the brain that are involved in emotional behavior

Magnetic Resonance Imaging - CORRRECT ANSWERS The use of nuclear magnetic
resonance of protons to produce proton density images

Medulla - CORRRECT ANSWERS The base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and
breathing

Functional MRI - CORRRECT ANSWERS Allows researchers to scan areas of the
brain while a participant performs a physical or cognitive task

, Midbrain - CORRRECT ANSWERS The middle division of brain responsible for hearing
and sight; location where pain is registered; includes temporal lobe, occipital lobe, and
most of the parietal lobe

Myelin Sheath - CORRRECT ANSWERS A layer of myelin encasing (and insulating)
the axons of medullated nerve fibers

Nerves - CORRRECT ANSWERS Neural "cables" containing many axons. These
bundled axons, which are part of the peripheral nervous system, connect the central
nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs

Neural Networks - CORRRECT ANSWERS Interconnected neural cells. With
experience, networks can learn, as feedback strengthens or inhibits connections that
produce certain results. Computer simulations of neural networks show analogous
learning.

Neuron - CORRRECT ANSWERS A cell that is specialized to conduct nerve impulses

Neuroscience - CORRRECT ANSWERS The scientific study of the nervous system

Neurotransmitters - CORRRECT ANSWERS Chemical messengers that traverse the
synaptic gaps between neurons.

Parasympathetic Nervous System - CORRRECT ANSWERS The division of the
autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy

Peripheral Nervous System - CORRRECT ANSWERS The section of the nervous
system lying outside the brain and spinal cord

Pituitary Gland - CORRRECT ANSWERS The master gland of the endocrine system

Plasticity - CORRRECT ANSWERS The brains capacity for modification, as evident in
brain reorganization following damage (especially in children) and in experiments on the
effects of experience on brain development

Positron Emission Tomography - CORRRECT ANSWERS Using a computerized
radiographic technique to examine the metabolic activity in various tissues (especially in
the brain)

Postsynaptic potential - CORRRECT ANSWERS The change in the membrane
potential of a neuron that has received stimultation from another neuron

Reflex - CORRRECT ANSWERS An automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a
stimulus