BIO 183 Final (Cumulative Exam
Questions from 1-3)
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Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Amino, carboxyl
Certain microorganisms have a high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids in their
membrane. Because of this, these organisms: - CORRECT ANSWERS They are able
to withstand low temperatures because their membranes do not solidify as rapidly
The tertiary structure of the protein is the: - CORRECT ANSWERS Unique three-
dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide
These structures in plant cells provide an easy route for the movement of ions, small
molecules like sugars and amino acids, and even macromolecules between cells: -
CORRECT ANSWERS Plasmodesmata
Organelle used for intracellular digestion by hydrolytic action, mostly in animal cells -
CORRECT ANSWERS Lysosome
Organelle that takes in water in a plant cell and builds turgor pressure - CORRECT
ANSWERS Vacuole
Organelle where microtubules are produced for the purpose of providing spindle fibers
during cell division - CORRECT ANSWERS Centrosome
The organelle sites of protein synthesis and are comprised of two parts, a large subunit
and a small subunit - CORRECT ANSWERS Ribosomes
Organelle composed of a primary layer for flexibility and a secondary layer for structure
through a matrix of proteins and other polysaccharides that provides a rigid shape,
structure, protection, and support. - CORRECT ANSWERS Cell Wall
Glues adjacent plant cells together with sticky polysaccharides - CORRECT ANSWERS
Middle lamella
Which of the following is a protein?
A. Glycogen
B. Chitin
C. Starch
D. Cellulose
,E. Collagen - CORRECT ANSWERS E. Collagen
By which methods may channel proteins be activated?
A. Sound waves
B. Regulatory protein/peripheral protein
C. Voltage change
D. Ligand/signal molecule
E. Receptors - CORRECT ANSWERS A. Sound waves
B. Regulatory protein/peripheral protein
C. Voltage change
D. Ligand/signal molecule
Celery stalks that are immersed in fresh water for several hours become stiff and hard.
Similar stalks left in a salt solution become limp and soft. From this we can deduce that
the cells of the celery stalks are: - CORRECT ANSWERS hypertonic to fresh water but
hypotonic to salt solution
According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true
statement about membrane phospholipids?
A) Can only house one transmembrane protein at a time
B) Are free to depart from the membrane and dissolve in the surrounding solution.
C) Have hydrophilic tails in the interior of the membrane.
D) Occur in an uninterrupted bilayer, with membrane proteins restricted to the surface of
the membrane.
E) Can move laterally along the plane of the membrane - CORRECT ANSWERS E)
Can move laterally along the plane of the membrane
Which of the following is a function of proteins?
A) Enzymatic action
B) Transport
C) Cellular signaling
D) Structural support
E) Primary energy source - CORRECT ANSWERS A) Enzymatic action
B) Transport
C) Cellular signaling
D) Structural support
Which of the following apply to cholesterol?
A) Can be saturated or unsaturated
B) Is a precursor for the synthesis of steroids
C) Forms phospholipids
D) Maintains the integrity of cell membranes by buffering the effects of temperature
fluctuations - CORRECT ANSWERS B) Is a precursor for the synthesis of steroids
D) Maintains the integrity of cell membranes by buffering the effects of temperature
fluctuations
, Which of the following does NOT require phosphorylation?
A) Carrier proteins for activate transport
B) Aquaporins for movement of water
C) Transmembrane proteins moving Na+ ions out of the cell during repolarization
D) Channel proteins for facilitated diffusion - CORRECT ANSWERS B) Aquaporins for
movement of water
D) Channel proteins for facilitated diffusion
Which of the following best describes the composition of nucleotides?
A) Nitrogenous base and pentose sugar
B) Phosphate group and adenine/uracil
C) Nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
D) Nitrogenous base, phosphate group, pentose sugar
E) Three phosphate groups, adenine, pentose sugar - CORRECT ANSWERS D)
Nitrogenous base, phosphate group, pentose sugar
Polymers of polypeptides are synthesized from monomers by which process? -
CORRECT ANSWERS Dehydration
An animal cell that lacks carbohydrate structures on the external surface of its plasma
membrane would likely be impaired in which function? - CORRECT ANSWERS Cell-
cell recognition
Making ATP requires an energy input, and our cells obtain that from: - CORRECT
ANSWERS Sugars
Cells can make ATP by two processes: _____ and _____ - CORRECT ANSWERS
Substrate-level phosphorylation; chemiosmosis
The primary source of energy in the body is ______, and any excess of this is stored in
the liver as _______. - CORRECT ANSWERS Carbohydrates; glycogen
If ATP is used for the purpose of transport, the reaction by which a phosphate group is
liberated is ______. - CORRECT ANSWERS Hydrolysis
Carriers that bind two or more molecules or ions and transport them in opposite
directions are called _______, while carriers that bind two or more molecules or ions
and transport them in the same direction are called _______. - CORRECT ANSWERS
Antiporters; symporters
Pinocytosis is the process by which ______ enters a cell. - CORRECT ANSWERS
Liquid solute
The _______ consists of all the internal contents of a cell, including the organelles and
the fluid material - CORRECT ANSWERS Cytoplasm
Questions from 1-3)
Save
Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Amino, carboxyl
Certain microorganisms have a high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids in their
membrane. Because of this, these organisms: - CORRECT ANSWERS They are able
to withstand low temperatures because their membranes do not solidify as rapidly
The tertiary structure of the protein is the: - CORRECT ANSWERS Unique three-
dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide
These structures in plant cells provide an easy route for the movement of ions, small
molecules like sugars and amino acids, and even macromolecules between cells: -
CORRECT ANSWERS Plasmodesmata
Organelle used for intracellular digestion by hydrolytic action, mostly in animal cells -
CORRECT ANSWERS Lysosome
Organelle that takes in water in a plant cell and builds turgor pressure - CORRECT
ANSWERS Vacuole
Organelle where microtubules are produced for the purpose of providing spindle fibers
during cell division - CORRECT ANSWERS Centrosome
The organelle sites of protein synthesis and are comprised of two parts, a large subunit
and a small subunit - CORRECT ANSWERS Ribosomes
Organelle composed of a primary layer for flexibility and a secondary layer for structure
through a matrix of proteins and other polysaccharides that provides a rigid shape,
structure, protection, and support. - CORRECT ANSWERS Cell Wall
Glues adjacent plant cells together with sticky polysaccharides - CORRECT ANSWERS
Middle lamella
Which of the following is a protein?
A. Glycogen
B. Chitin
C. Starch
D. Cellulose
,E. Collagen - CORRECT ANSWERS E. Collagen
By which methods may channel proteins be activated?
A. Sound waves
B. Regulatory protein/peripheral protein
C. Voltage change
D. Ligand/signal molecule
E. Receptors - CORRECT ANSWERS A. Sound waves
B. Regulatory protein/peripheral protein
C. Voltage change
D. Ligand/signal molecule
Celery stalks that are immersed in fresh water for several hours become stiff and hard.
Similar stalks left in a salt solution become limp and soft. From this we can deduce that
the cells of the celery stalks are: - CORRECT ANSWERS hypertonic to fresh water but
hypotonic to salt solution
According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true
statement about membrane phospholipids?
A) Can only house one transmembrane protein at a time
B) Are free to depart from the membrane and dissolve in the surrounding solution.
C) Have hydrophilic tails in the interior of the membrane.
D) Occur in an uninterrupted bilayer, with membrane proteins restricted to the surface of
the membrane.
E) Can move laterally along the plane of the membrane - CORRECT ANSWERS E)
Can move laterally along the plane of the membrane
Which of the following is a function of proteins?
A) Enzymatic action
B) Transport
C) Cellular signaling
D) Structural support
E) Primary energy source - CORRECT ANSWERS A) Enzymatic action
B) Transport
C) Cellular signaling
D) Structural support
Which of the following apply to cholesterol?
A) Can be saturated or unsaturated
B) Is a precursor for the synthesis of steroids
C) Forms phospholipids
D) Maintains the integrity of cell membranes by buffering the effects of temperature
fluctuations - CORRECT ANSWERS B) Is a precursor for the synthesis of steroids
D) Maintains the integrity of cell membranes by buffering the effects of temperature
fluctuations
, Which of the following does NOT require phosphorylation?
A) Carrier proteins for activate transport
B) Aquaporins for movement of water
C) Transmembrane proteins moving Na+ ions out of the cell during repolarization
D) Channel proteins for facilitated diffusion - CORRECT ANSWERS B) Aquaporins for
movement of water
D) Channel proteins for facilitated diffusion
Which of the following best describes the composition of nucleotides?
A) Nitrogenous base and pentose sugar
B) Phosphate group and adenine/uracil
C) Nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
D) Nitrogenous base, phosphate group, pentose sugar
E) Three phosphate groups, adenine, pentose sugar - CORRECT ANSWERS D)
Nitrogenous base, phosphate group, pentose sugar
Polymers of polypeptides are synthesized from monomers by which process? -
CORRECT ANSWERS Dehydration
An animal cell that lacks carbohydrate structures on the external surface of its plasma
membrane would likely be impaired in which function? - CORRECT ANSWERS Cell-
cell recognition
Making ATP requires an energy input, and our cells obtain that from: - CORRECT
ANSWERS Sugars
Cells can make ATP by two processes: _____ and _____ - CORRECT ANSWERS
Substrate-level phosphorylation; chemiosmosis
The primary source of energy in the body is ______, and any excess of this is stored in
the liver as _______. - CORRECT ANSWERS Carbohydrates; glycogen
If ATP is used for the purpose of transport, the reaction by which a phosphate group is
liberated is ______. - CORRECT ANSWERS Hydrolysis
Carriers that bind two or more molecules or ions and transport them in opposite
directions are called _______, while carriers that bind two or more molecules or ions
and transport them in the same direction are called _______. - CORRECT ANSWERS
Antiporters; symporters
Pinocytosis is the process by which ______ enters a cell. - CORRECT ANSWERS
Liquid solute
The _______ consists of all the internal contents of a cell, including the organelles and
the fluid material - CORRECT ANSWERS Cytoplasm
