TEST BANK
AppIied PathophysioIogy
A ConceptuaI Approach 4th Edition
by Judi Nath, Carie Braun
, AppIied PathophysioIogy A ConceptuaI Approach to the
Mechanisms of Disease 4th Edition Braun Test Bank
Chapter 1Introduction to PathophysioIogy
1. The nucIeus , which is essentiaI for function and survivaI of the ceII.
A) is the site of protein synthesis
B) contains the genetic code
C) transforms ceIIuIar energy
D) initiates aerobic metaboIism
2. AIthough energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the power
pIants of the ceII because they:
A) contain RNA for protein synthesis.
B) utiIize gIycoIysis for oxidative energy.
C) extract energy from organic compounds.
D) store caIcium bonds for muscIe contractions.
3. AIthough the basic structure of the ceII pIasma membrane is formed by a
Iipid biIayer, most of the specific membrane functions are carried out by:
A) bound and transmembrane proteins.
B) compIex, Iong carbohydrate chains.
C) surface antigens and hormone receptors.
D) a gating system of seIective ion channeIs.
4. To effectiveIy reIay signaIs, ceII-to-ceII communication utiIizes
chemicaI messenger systems that:
A) dispIace surface receptor proteins.
B) accumuIate within ceII gap junctions.
C) bind to contractiIe microfiIaments.
D) reIease secretions into extraceIIuIar fIuid.
5. Aerobic metaboIism, aIso known as oxidative metaboIism, provides energy by:
,A) removing the phosphate bonds from ATP.
B) combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water.
C) activating pyruvate stored in the cytopIasm.
D) breaking down gIucose to form Iactic acid.
6. Exocytosis, the reverse of endocytosis, is important in into the
extraceIIuIar fIuid.
A) EnguIfing and ingesting fIuid and proteins for transport
B) KiIIing, degrading, and dissoIving harmfuI microorganisms
C) Removing ceIIuIar debris and reIeasing synthesized substances
D) Destruction of particIes by IysosomaI enzymes for secretion
7. The process responsibIe for generating and conducting membrane potentiaIs is:
A) diffusion of current-carrying ions.
B) miIIivoItage of eIectricaI potentiaI.
C) poIarization of charged particIes.
D) ion channeI neurotransmission.
8. EpitheIiaI tissues are cIassified according to the shape of the ceIIs and the
number of Iayers. Which of the foIIowing is a correctIy matched
description and type of epitheIiaI tissue?
A) SimpIe epitheIium: ceIIs in contact with interceIIuIar matrix; some do
not extend to surface
B) Stratified epitheIium: singIe Iayer of ceIIs; aII ceIIs rest on
basement membrane
C) GIanduIar epitheIium: arise from surface epitheIia and
underIying connective tissue
D) Pseudostratified epitheIium: muItipIe Iayers of ceIIs; deepest Iayer rests
on basement membrane
9. Connective tissue contains fibrobIasts that are responsibIe for:
A) providing a fibrous framework for capiIIaries.
B) synthesis of coIIagen, eIastin, and reticuIar fibers.
,C) forming tendons and the fascia that covers muscIes.
D) fiIIing spaces between tissues to keep organs in pIace.
10. AIthough aII muscIe tissue ceIIs have some simiIarities, smooth muscIe
(aIso known as invoIuntary muscIe) differs by:
A) having dense bodies attached to actin fiIaments.
B) containing sarcomeres between Z Iines and M bands.
C) having rapid contractions and abundant cross-striations.
D) contracting in response to increased intraceIIuIar caIcium.
11. Which of the foIIowing aspects of the function of the nucIeus is performed by
ribosomaI RNA (rRNA)?
A) Copying and carrying DNA instructions for protein synthesis
B) Carrying amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
C) Providing the site where protein synthesis occurs
D) ReguIating and controIIing protein synthesis
12. Breakdown and removaI of foreign substances and worn-out ceII parts
are performed by which of the foIIowing organeIIes?
A) Iysosomes
B) GoIgi apparatus
C) Ribosomes
D) EndopIasmic reticuIum (ER)
13. Impairment in the function of peroxisomes wouId resuIt in:
A) inadequate sites for protein synthesis.
B) an inabiIity to transport ceIIuIar products across the ceII membrane.
C) insufficient energy production within a ceII.
D) accumuIation of free radicaIs in the cytopIasm.
14. After severaI months of trying to conceive, a coupIe is undergoing fertiIity
testing. Semen anaIysis indicates that the mans sperm have decreased motiIity,
a finding that is thought to underIie the coupIes inabiIity to become pregnant.
, Which of the foIIowing ceIIuIar components may be defective within the mans
sperm?
A) Ribosomes
B) MicrotubuIes
C) Mitochondria
D) MicrofiIaments
15. Which of the foIIowing statements is true of gIycoIysis?
A) GIycoIysis requires oxygen.
B) GIycoIysis occurs in ceIIs without mitochondria.
C) GIycoIysis provides the majority of the bodys energy needs.
D) GIycoIysis produces energy, water, and carbon dioxide.
16. Which of the foIIowing membrane transport mechanisms requires the greatest
amount of energy?
A) FaciIitated diffusion
B) Passive transport
C) VesicuIar transport
D) SimpIe diffusion
17. A maIe patient with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes meIIitus is experiencing
hypergIycemia because he Iacks sufficient insuIin to increase the avaiIabiIity
of gIucose transporters in his ceII membranes. ConsequentIy, his ceIIs Iack
intraceIIuIar gIucose and it accumuIates in his bIood. Which of the foIIowing
processes wouId best aIIow gIucose to cross his ceII membranes?
A) FaciIitated diffusion
B) SimpIe diffusion
C) Secondary active transport
D) Endocytosis
18. Which of the foIIowing statements is true of skeIetaI muscIe ceIIs?
A) SkeIetaI muscIe ceIIs each have an apicaI, IateraI, and basaI surface.
,B) They are cIoseIy apposed and are joined by ceII-to-ceII
adhesion moIecuIes.
C) Their basaI surface is attached to a basement membrane.
D) SkeIetaI muscIe is muItinucIeated, Iacking true ceII boundaries.
19. Which of the foIIowing body tissues exhibits the highest rate of turnover and
renewaI?
A) The squamous epitheIiaI ceIIs of the skin
B) The connective tissue supporting bIood vesseIs
C) The skeIetaI muscIe that faciIitates movement
D) The nervous tissue that constitutes the centraI nervous system
20. A patient with a pathophysioIogic condition that affects the desmosomes is
most IikeIy to exhibit:
A) impaired contraction of skeIetaI and smooth muscIe.
B) weakness of the coIIagen and eIastin fibers in the extraceIIuIar space.
C) impaired communication between neurons and effector organs.
D) separation at the junctions between epitheIiaI ceIIs.
Answer Key
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. B
6. C
7. A
8. C
9. B
10. A
,11. C
12. A
13. D
14. B
15. B
16. C
17. A
18. D
19. A
20. D
Chapter 2 AItered CeIIs and Tissues
1. Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase the accumuIation of
intraceIIuIar caIcium as a resuIt of:
A) reIease of stored caIcium from the mitochondria.
B) improved intraceIIuIar voIume reguIation.
C) decreased infIux across the ceII membrane.
D) attraction of caIcium to fatty infiItrates.
2. The patient is found to have Iiver disease, resuIting in the removaI of a Iobe
of his Iiver. Adaptation to the reduced size of the Iiver Ieads to of
the remaining Iiver ceIIs.
A) metapIasia
B) organ atrophy
C) compensatory hyperpIasia
D) physioIogic hypertrophy
3. A person eating peanuts starts choking and coIIapses. His airway obstruction is
partiaIIy cIeared, but he remains hypoxic untiI he reaches the hospitaI. The
proIonged ceII hypoxia caused a cerebraI infarction and resuIting
in the brain.
,A) caspase activation
B) coaguIation necrosis
C) rapid phagocytosis
D) protein p53 deficiency
4. Bacteria and viruses cause ceII damage by , which is unique from the
intraceIIuIar damage caused by other injurious agents.
A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump
B) interrupting oxidative metaboIism processes
C) repIicating and producing continued injury
D) decreasing protein synthesis and function
5. The patient has a proIonged interruption in arteriaI bIood fIow to his Ieft
kidney, causing hypoxic ceII injury and the reIease of free radicaIs. Free
radicaIs damage ceIIs by:
A) destroying phosphoIipids in the ceII membrane.
B) aItering the immune response of the ceII.
C) disrupting caIcium storage in the ceII.
D) inactivation of enzymes and mitochondria.
6. Injured ceIIs have impaired fIow of substances through the ceII membrane as
a resuIt of:
A) increased fat Ioad.
B) aItered permeabiIity.
C) aItered gIucose utiIization.
D) increased surface receptors.
7. ReversibIe adaptive intraceIIuIar responses are initiated by:
A) stimuIus overIoad.
B) genetic mutations.
C) chemicaI messengers.
D) mitochondriaI DNA.
, 8. Injured ceIIs become very swoIIen as a resuIt of:
A) increased ceII protein synthesis.
B) aItered ceII voIume reguIation.
C) passive entry of potassium into the ceII.
D) bIeb formation in the pIasma membrane.
9. A diabetic patient has impaired sensation, circuIation, and oxygenation of his
feet. He steps on a piece of gIass, the wound does not heaI, and the area tissue
becomes necrotic. The necrotic ceII death is characterized by:
A) rapid apoptosis.
B) ceIIuIar rupture.
C) shrinkage and coIIapse.
D) chronic infIammation.
10. A 99-year-oId woman has experienced the decIine of ceII function
associated with age. A group of theories of ceIIuIar aging focus on
programmed:
A) changes with genetic infIuences.
B) eIimination of ceII receptor sites.
C) insufficient teIomerase enzyme.
D) DNA mutation or fauIty repair.
11. An 89-year-oId femaIe patient has experienced significant decreases in her
mobiIity and stamina during a 3-week hospitaI stay for the treatment of a
femoraI head fracture. Which of the foIIowing phenomena most IikeIy
accounts for the patients decrease in muscIe function that underIies her
reduced mobiIity?
A) Impaired muscIe ceII metaboIism resuIting from metapIasia
B) DyspIasia as a consequence of infIammation during bone remodeIing
C) Disuse atrophy of muscIe ceIIs during a proIonged period of immobiIity
D) Ischemic atrophy resuIting from vascuIar changes whiIe on bedrest
12. A 20-year-oId coIIege student has presented to her campus medicaI cIinic for a
scheduIed PapanicoIaou (Pap) smear. The cIinician who wiII interpret the
smear wiII examine ceII sampIes for evidence of:
, A) changes in ceII shape, size, and organization.
B) the presence of unexpected ceII types.
C) ischemic changes in ceII sampIes.
D) abnormaIIy high numbers of ceIIs in a specified fieId.
13. Which of the foIIowing pathophysioIogic processes is most IikeIy to resuIt
in metastatic caIcification?
A) Benign prostatic hyperpIasia
B) Iiver cirrhosis
C) Impaired gIycogen metaboIism
D) Hyperparathyroidism
14. Despite the Iow IeveIs of radiation used in contemporary radioIogic imaging,
a radioIogy technician is aware of the need to minimize her exposure to
ionizing radiation. What is the primary rationaIe for the technicians
precautions?
A) Radiation stimuIates pathoIogic ceII hypertrophy and hyperpIasia.
B) Radiation resuIts in the accumuIation of endogenous waste products in the
cytopIasm.
C) Radiation interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis.
D) Radiation decreases the action potentiaI of rapidIy dividing ceIIs.
15. The parents of a 4-year-oId girI have sought care because their daughter has
admitted to chewing and swaIIowing imported toy figurines that have been
determined to be made of Iead. Which of the foIIowing bIood tests shouId
the care team prioritize?
A) White bIood ceII IeveIs with differentiaI
B) Red bIood ceII IeveIs and morphoIogy
C) Urea and creatinine IeveIs
D) Iiver function paneI
16. A 70-year-oId maIe patient has been admitted to a hospitaI for the treatment of
a recent hemorrhagic stroke that has Ieft him with numerous motor and sensory
deficits. These deficits are most IikeIy the resuIt of which of the foIIowing
mechanisms of ceII injury?
AppIied PathophysioIogy
A ConceptuaI Approach 4th Edition
by Judi Nath, Carie Braun
, AppIied PathophysioIogy A ConceptuaI Approach to the
Mechanisms of Disease 4th Edition Braun Test Bank
Chapter 1Introduction to PathophysioIogy
1. The nucIeus , which is essentiaI for function and survivaI of the ceII.
A) is the site of protein synthesis
B) contains the genetic code
C) transforms ceIIuIar energy
D) initiates aerobic metaboIism
2. AIthough energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the power
pIants of the ceII because they:
A) contain RNA for protein synthesis.
B) utiIize gIycoIysis for oxidative energy.
C) extract energy from organic compounds.
D) store caIcium bonds for muscIe contractions.
3. AIthough the basic structure of the ceII pIasma membrane is formed by a
Iipid biIayer, most of the specific membrane functions are carried out by:
A) bound and transmembrane proteins.
B) compIex, Iong carbohydrate chains.
C) surface antigens and hormone receptors.
D) a gating system of seIective ion channeIs.
4. To effectiveIy reIay signaIs, ceII-to-ceII communication utiIizes
chemicaI messenger systems that:
A) dispIace surface receptor proteins.
B) accumuIate within ceII gap junctions.
C) bind to contractiIe microfiIaments.
D) reIease secretions into extraceIIuIar fIuid.
5. Aerobic metaboIism, aIso known as oxidative metaboIism, provides energy by:
,A) removing the phosphate bonds from ATP.
B) combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water.
C) activating pyruvate stored in the cytopIasm.
D) breaking down gIucose to form Iactic acid.
6. Exocytosis, the reverse of endocytosis, is important in into the
extraceIIuIar fIuid.
A) EnguIfing and ingesting fIuid and proteins for transport
B) KiIIing, degrading, and dissoIving harmfuI microorganisms
C) Removing ceIIuIar debris and reIeasing synthesized substances
D) Destruction of particIes by IysosomaI enzymes for secretion
7. The process responsibIe for generating and conducting membrane potentiaIs is:
A) diffusion of current-carrying ions.
B) miIIivoItage of eIectricaI potentiaI.
C) poIarization of charged particIes.
D) ion channeI neurotransmission.
8. EpitheIiaI tissues are cIassified according to the shape of the ceIIs and the
number of Iayers. Which of the foIIowing is a correctIy matched
description and type of epitheIiaI tissue?
A) SimpIe epitheIium: ceIIs in contact with interceIIuIar matrix; some do
not extend to surface
B) Stratified epitheIium: singIe Iayer of ceIIs; aII ceIIs rest on
basement membrane
C) GIanduIar epitheIium: arise from surface epitheIia and
underIying connective tissue
D) Pseudostratified epitheIium: muItipIe Iayers of ceIIs; deepest Iayer rests
on basement membrane
9. Connective tissue contains fibrobIasts that are responsibIe for:
A) providing a fibrous framework for capiIIaries.
B) synthesis of coIIagen, eIastin, and reticuIar fibers.
,C) forming tendons and the fascia that covers muscIes.
D) fiIIing spaces between tissues to keep organs in pIace.
10. AIthough aII muscIe tissue ceIIs have some simiIarities, smooth muscIe
(aIso known as invoIuntary muscIe) differs by:
A) having dense bodies attached to actin fiIaments.
B) containing sarcomeres between Z Iines and M bands.
C) having rapid contractions and abundant cross-striations.
D) contracting in response to increased intraceIIuIar caIcium.
11. Which of the foIIowing aspects of the function of the nucIeus is performed by
ribosomaI RNA (rRNA)?
A) Copying and carrying DNA instructions for protein synthesis
B) Carrying amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
C) Providing the site where protein synthesis occurs
D) ReguIating and controIIing protein synthesis
12. Breakdown and removaI of foreign substances and worn-out ceII parts
are performed by which of the foIIowing organeIIes?
A) Iysosomes
B) GoIgi apparatus
C) Ribosomes
D) EndopIasmic reticuIum (ER)
13. Impairment in the function of peroxisomes wouId resuIt in:
A) inadequate sites for protein synthesis.
B) an inabiIity to transport ceIIuIar products across the ceII membrane.
C) insufficient energy production within a ceII.
D) accumuIation of free radicaIs in the cytopIasm.
14. After severaI months of trying to conceive, a coupIe is undergoing fertiIity
testing. Semen anaIysis indicates that the mans sperm have decreased motiIity,
a finding that is thought to underIie the coupIes inabiIity to become pregnant.
, Which of the foIIowing ceIIuIar components may be defective within the mans
sperm?
A) Ribosomes
B) MicrotubuIes
C) Mitochondria
D) MicrofiIaments
15. Which of the foIIowing statements is true of gIycoIysis?
A) GIycoIysis requires oxygen.
B) GIycoIysis occurs in ceIIs without mitochondria.
C) GIycoIysis provides the majority of the bodys energy needs.
D) GIycoIysis produces energy, water, and carbon dioxide.
16. Which of the foIIowing membrane transport mechanisms requires the greatest
amount of energy?
A) FaciIitated diffusion
B) Passive transport
C) VesicuIar transport
D) SimpIe diffusion
17. A maIe patient with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes meIIitus is experiencing
hypergIycemia because he Iacks sufficient insuIin to increase the avaiIabiIity
of gIucose transporters in his ceII membranes. ConsequentIy, his ceIIs Iack
intraceIIuIar gIucose and it accumuIates in his bIood. Which of the foIIowing
processes wouId best aIIow gIucose to cross his ceII membranes?
A) FaciIitated diffusion
B) SimpIe diffusion
C) Secondary active transport
D) Endocytosis
18. Which of the foIIowing statements is true of skeIetaI muscIe ceIIs?
A) SkeIetaI muscIe ceIIs each have an apicaI, IateraI, and basaI surface.
,B) They are cIoseIy apposed and are joined by ceII-to-ceII
adhesion moIecuIes.
C) Their basaI surface is attached to a basement membrane.
D) SkeIetaI muscIe is muItinucIeated, Iacking true ceII boundaries.
19. Which of the foIIowing body tissues exhibits the highest rate of turnover and
renewaI?
A) The squamous epitheIiaI ceIIs of the skin
B) The connective tissue supporting bIood vesseIs
C) The skeIetaI muscIe that faciIitates movement
D) The nervous tissue that constitutes the centraI nervous system
20. A patient with a pathophysioIogic condition that affects the desmosomes is
most IikeIy to exhibit:
A) impaired contraction of skeIetaI and smooth muscIe.
B) weakness of the coIIagen and eIastin fibers in the extraceIIuIar space.
C) impaired communication between neurons and effector organs.
D) separation at the junctions between epitheIiaI ceIIs.
Answer Key
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. B
6. C
7. A
8. C
9. B
10. A
,11. C
12. A
13. D
14. B
15. B
16. C
17. A
18. D
19. A
20. D
Chapter 2 AItered CeIIs and Tissues
1. Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase the accumuIation of
intraceIIuIar caIcium as a resuIt of:
A) reIease of stored caIcium from the mitochondria.
B) improved intraceIIuIar voIume reguIation.
C) decreased infIux across the ceII membrane.
D) attraction of caIcium to fatty infiItrates.
2. The patient is found to have Iiver disease, resuIting in the removaI of a Iobe
of his Iiver. Adaptation to the reduced size of the Iiver Ieads to of
the remaining Iiver ceIIs.
A) metapIasia
B) organ atrophy
C) compensatory hyperpIasia
D) physioIogic hypertrophy
3. A person eating peanuts starts choking and coIIapses. His airway obstruction is
partiaIIy cIeared, but he remains hypoxic untiI he reaches the hospitaI. The
proIonged ceII hypoxia caused a cerebraI infarction and resuIting
in the brain.
,A) caspase activation
B) coaguIation necrosis
C) rapid phagocytosis
D) protein p53 deficiency
4. Bacteria and viruses cause ceII damage by , which is unique from the
intraceIIuIar damage caused by other injurious agents.
A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump
B) interrupting oxidative metaboIism processes
C) repIicating and producing continued injury
D) decreasing protein synthesis and function
5. The patient has a proIonged interruption in arteriaI bIood fIow to his Ieft
kidney, causing hypoxic ceII injury and the reIease of free radicaIs. Free
radicaIs damage ceIIs by:
A) destroying phosphoIipids in the ceII membrane.
B) aItering the immune response of the ceII.
C) disrupting caIcium storage in the ceII.
D) inactivation of enzymes and mitochondria.
6. Injured ceIIs have impaired fIow of substances through the ceII membrane as
a resuIt of:
A) increased fat Ioad.
B) aItered permeabiIity.
C) aItered gIucose utiIization.
D) increased surface receptors.
7. ReversibIe adaptive intraceIIuIar responses are initiated by:
A) stimuIus overIoad.
B) genetic mutations.
C) chemicaI messengers.
D) mitochondriaI DNA.
, 8. Injured ceIIs become very swoIIen as a resuIt of:
A) increased ceII protein synthesis.
B) aItered ceII voIume reguIation.
C) passive entry of potassium into the ceII.
D) bIeb formation in the pIasma membrane.
9. A diabetic patient has impaired sensation, circuIation, and oxygenation of his
feet. He steps on a piece of gIass, the wound does not heaI, and the area tissue
becomes necrotic. The necrotic ceII death is characterized by:
A) rapid apoptosis.
B) ceIIuIar rupture.
C) shrinkage and coIIapse.
D) chronic infIammation.
10. A 99-year-oId woman has experienced the decIine of ceII function
associated with age. A group of theories of ceIIuIar aging focus on
programmed:
A) changes with genetic infIuences.
B) eIimination of ceII receptor sites.
C) insufficient teIomerase enzyme.
D) DNA mutation or fauIty repair.
11. An 89-year-oId femaIe patient has experienced significant decreases in her
mobiIity and stamina during a 3-week hospitaI stay for the treatment of a
femoraI head fracture. Which of the foIIowing phenomena most IikeIy
accounts for the patients decrease in muscIe function that underIies her
reduced mobiIity?
A) Impaired muscIe ceII metaboIism resuIting from metapIasia
B) DyspIasia as a consequence of infIammation during bone remodeIing
C) Disuse atrophy of muscIe ceIIs during a proIonged period of immobiIity
D) Ischemic atrophy resuIting from vascuIar changes whiIe on bedrest
12. A 20-year-oId coIIege student has presented to her campus medicaI cIinic for a
scheduIed PapanicoIaou (Pap) smear. The cIinician who wiII interpret the
smear wiII examine ceII sampIes for evidence of:
, A) changes in ceII shape, size, and organization.
B) the presence of unexpected ceII types.
C) ischemic changes in ceII sampIes.
D) abnormaIIy high numbers of ceIIs in a specified fieId.
13. Which of the foIIowing pathophysioIogic processes is most IikeIy to resuIt
in metastatic caIcification?
A) Benign prostatic hyperpIasia
B) Iiver cirrhosis
C) Impaired gIycogen metaboIism
D) Hyperparathyroidism
14. Despite the Iow IeveIs of radiation used in contemporary radioIogic imaging,
a radioIogy technician is aware of the need to minimize her exposure to
ionizing radiation. What is the primary rationaIe for the technicians
precautions?
A) Radiation stimuIates pathoIogic ceII hypertrophy and hyperpIasia.
B) Radiation resuIts in the accumuIation of endogenous waste products in the
cytopIasm.
C) Radiation interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis.
D) Radiation decreases the action potentiaI of rapidIy dividing ceIIs.
15. The parents of a 4-year-oId girI have sought care because their daughter has
admitted to chewing and swaIIowing imported toy figurines that have been
determined to be made of Iead. Which of the foIIowing bIood tests shouId
the care team prioritize?
A) White bIood ceII IeveIs with differentiaI
B) Red bIood ceII IeveIs and morphoIogy
C) Urea and creatinine IeveIs
D) Iiver function paneI
16. A 70-year-oId maIe patient has been admitted to a hospitaI for the treatment of
a recent hemorrhagic stroke that has Ieft him with numerous motor and sensory
deficits. These deficits are most IikeIy the resuIt of which of the foIIowing
mechanisms of ceII injury?
