Med Surg 1 Exam - Diabetes & ABG's
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
what are the clinical manifestations of type 1 diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER --
polyuria
- polydipsia
- fatigue
- weight loss
- kussmaul breathing
- breath smells of acetone
what are the clinical manifestations of type 2 diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER --
polyuria
- polydipsia
- polyphagia
- weight gain
- visual disturbances
- poor wound healing
- cardiovascular disease
- renal insufficiency
- recurring infection
what are the two hormones released by the pancreas are responsible for the homeostasis of blood
sugar? - CORRECT ANSWER - - insulin (released from the beta cells of the pancreas)
- glucagon (released from the alpha cells of the pancreas)
in which 3 ways does glucose arrive in the bloodstream? - CORRECT ANSWER - - carbs
eaten by mouth
,- glucose released from stored glycogen in muscles and liver cells
- glucose newly created in the liver or kidneys (gluconeogenesis)
what is considered the "hallmark of diabetes"? - CORRECT ANSWER - - increase of
glucose levels resulting in hyperglycemia
what are the characteristics of type 1 diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER - - commonly
diagnosed before age 30
- pt are usually thin
- insulin dependent
- symptoms appear suddenly
- triggered by an autoimmune process in which the insulin producing beta cells of the pancreas
are destroyed, resulting in absolute lack of insulin
- pt produce little or no insulin
what are the risk factors for type 1 diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER - - age less than 30
- increased HDL levels <35 mg/dL
- increased triglyceride level > 250 mg/dL
history of gestational diabetes
- obesity
- race and ethnicity
what is the treatment for type 1 diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER - - pharmacological
interventions
- nutrition management
- patient education and self management
- detection and prevention of complications
, what is the primary pharmacological treatment of type 1? - CORRECT ANSWER --
insulin administered sub Q
what are the characteristics of type 2 diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER - - commonly
diagnosed after age 30
- usually overweight
- symptoms appear slowly
- MAY require insulin
- more common in nonwhite groups
- defects at the cell membrane that prevent the normal action of insulin, even if insulin is present
the cell "resists" its effect in transporting glucose into the cell
what are the risk factors (modifiable/nonmodifiable) of type 2 diabetes? - CORRECT
ANSWER - modifiable
- BMI
- physical inactivity
- HDL levels less than 35 mg/dL
- triglyceride level greater than 250 mg/dL
- metabolic syndrome
what is metabolic syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER - - a cluster of risk factors for both
cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes
- these risk factors include resistance to the action of insulin, hypertension, high cholesterol or
low HDL, and hypercoagulability.
what are the non modifiable risk of type 2 diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER - - genetic
predisposition
- members of a high risk ethnic population
- women who delivered a baby weighing greater or equal to 9lb or who were diagnosed with
gestational diabetes
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
what are the clinical manifestations of type 1 diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER --
polyuria
- polydipsia
- fatigue
- weight loss
- kussmaul breathing
- breath smells of acetone
what are the clinical manifestations of type 2 diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER --
polyuria
- polydipsia
- polyphagia
- weight gain
- visual disturbances
- poor wound healing
- cardiovascular disease
- renal insufficiency
- recurring infection
what are the two hormones released by the pancreas are responsible for the homeostasis of blood
sugar? - CORRECT ANSWER - - insulin (released from the beta cells of the pancreas)
- glucagon (released from the alpha cells of the pancreas)
in which 3 ways does glucose arrive in the bloodstream? - CORRECT ANSWER - - carbs
eaten by mouth
,- glucose released from stored glycogen in muscles and liver cells
- glucose newly created in the liver or kidneys (gluconeogenesis)
what is considered the "hallmark of diabetes"? - CORRECT ANSWER - - increase of
glucose levels resulting in hyperglycemia
what are the characteristics of type 1 diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER - - commonly
diagnosed before age 30
- pt are usually thin
- insulin dependent
- symptoms appear suddenly
- triggered by an autoimmune process in which the insulin producing beta cells of the pancreas
are destroyed, resulting in absolute lack of insulin
- pt produce little or no insulin
what are the risk factors for type 1 diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER - - age less than 30
- increased HDL levels <35 mg/dL
- increased triglyceride level > 250 mg/dL
history of gestational diabetes
- obesity
- race and ethnicity
what is the treatment for type 1 diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER - - pharmacological
interventions
- nutrition management
- patient education and self management
- detection and prevention of complications
, what is the primary pharmacological treatment of type 1? - CORRECT ANSWER --
insulin administered sub Q
what are the characteristics of type 2 diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER - - commonly
diagnosed after age 30
- usually overweight
- symptoms appear slowly
- MAY require insulin
- more common in nonwhite groups
- defects at the cell membrane that prevent the normal action of insulin, even if insulin is present
the cell "resists" its effect in transporting glucose into the cell
what are the risk factors (modifiable/nonmodifiable) of type 2 diabetes? - CORRECT
ANSWER - modifiable
- BMI
- physical inactivity
- HDL levels less than 35 mg/dL
- triglyceride level greater than 250 mg/dL
- metabolic syndrome
what is metabolic syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER - - a cluster of risk factors for both
cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes
- these risk factors include resistance to the action of insulin, hypertension, high cholesterol or
low HDL, and hypercoagulability.
what are the non modifiable risk of type 2 diabetes? - CORRECT ANSWER - - genetic
predisposition
- members of a high risk ethnic population
- women who delivered a baby weighing greater or equal to 9lb or who were diagnosed with
gestational diabetes
