TEST BANK
Theories Of Personality 10th Edition by
Ryckman All 18 Chapters Covered
1
,Tableof Contents5T 5T
PART I: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE DISCIPLINE.
5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T
1. Personality and the Scientific Outlook. 5T 5T 5T 5T
PART II: PSYCHOANALYTIC AND NEOANALYTIC PERSPECTIVES.
5T 5T 5T 5T 5T
2. Freud's Psychoanalytic Perspectives.
5T 5T
3. Jung's Analytical Psychology.
5T 5T
4. Adler's Individual Psychology.
5T 5T
5. Horney's Social and Cultural Psychoanalysis.
5T 5T 5T 5T
6. Erikson's Psychoanalytic Ego Psychology. 5T 5T 5T
7. Kohut's Self Psychology. 5T 5T
PART III: TRAIT PERSPECTIVES.
5T 5T 5T
8. Allport's Trait Theory. 5T 5T
9. Cattell's Structure-Based Systems Theory.
5T 5T 5T
10. Eysenck's Biological Typology. 5T 5T
PART IV: COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVES.
5T 5T 5T
11. Kelly's Theory of Personal Constructs.
5T 5T 5T 5T
2
,PART V: HUMANISTIC/EXISTENTIAL PERSPECTIVES.
5T 5T 5T
12. Maslow's Self-Actualization Position. 5T 5T
13. Roger's Person-Centered Theory. 5T 5T
14. May's Existential-Analytic Position.
5T 5T
5T PART VI: SOCIAL-BEHAVIORISTIC PERSPECTIVES.
5T 5T 5T
15. Skinner's Operant Analysis. 5T 5T
16. Rotter's Expectancy Reinforcement Value Model.
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17. Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory. 5T 5T 5T
PART VII: THE ROLE OF THE GRAND THEORIES IN CONTEMPORA
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RY PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY.
5T 5T
18. Theory and Research in Contemporary Personality Psychology.
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3
, CHAPTER OUTLINE 5T
I. Why study personality? The study of human personality helps us understand ourselves and o
5T 5T 5 T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5 T
ther people better and gives us a greater appreciation for the complexity of human experienc
5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5 T
e.
II. Definition of Personality: Personality is the dynamic and organized set of characteristics
5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5 T
possessed by an individual that uniquely influences his or her cognitions, motivations and b
5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5 T
ehaviors in various situations. 5T 5T 5T
III. Personality and Science: Personality is a scientific enterprise concerned with the description,
5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5 T e
xplanation, prediction, and control of events. 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T
A. Components of Science: Theories and Research Methods 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T
1. What are theories? A theory is a system of interrelated conceptual statements that are
5T 5T 5 T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5 T
created by investigators to account for a phenomenon or a set of phenomena.
5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T
2. Kinds of theories 5T 5T
a. inductive-sets of general summary statements about phenomena derived from facts. 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T
b. deductive-
theories in which specific hypotheses are derived from abstract propositions and then test
5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5 T 5T 5T
ed by the collection of data. Deductive theories consist of postulates, propositions, conc
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eptual definitions, operational definitions, hypotheses, and empirical observations.
5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5 T
1. postulates-the fundamental or core assumptions of a theory. They are taken as self- 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T
evidently true in order to provide a clear and focused direction for theorizing and r
5 T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5 T
esearch.
2. propositions-
general relational statements that may be true or false. They are not tested directly; instea
5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5 T 5T
d, hypotheses are derived from them.
5T 5T 5T 5T 5T
3. hypotheses-
specific propositions containing constructs that are conceptually defined and operationali
5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5 T
zed so they can tested and confirmed or disconfirmed through empirical testing. Hypothe
5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5 T 5T
ses are tentative theoretical statements about how events are related to one another, often
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stated as predictions. 5T 5T
a. a prior predictions-predictions made before the collection of data.
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4. conceptualdefinitions- T
5
concepts in the hypotheses are defined precisely so that accurate measures of the concept
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s can be devised.
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5. operational definitions- procedures (or operations) used to define particular constructs. 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T
6. empirical observations-observations of phenomena made by investigators. 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T
4
Theories Of Personality 10th Edition by
Ryckman All 18 Chapters Covered
1
,Tableof Contents5T 5T
PART I: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE DISCIPLINE.
5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T
1. Personality and the Scientific Outlook. 5T 5T 5T 5T
PART II: PSYCHOANALYTIC AND NEOANALYTIC PERSPECTIVES.
5T 5T 5T 5T 5T
2. Freud's Psychoanalytic Perspectives.
5T 5T
3. Jung's Analytical Psychology.
5T 5T
4. Adler's Individual Psychology.
5T 5T
5. Horney's Social and Cultural Psychoanalysis.
5T 5T 5T 5T
6. Erikson's Psychoanalytic Ego Psychology. 5T 5T 5T
7. Kohut's Self Psychology. 5T 5T
PART III: TRAIT PERSPECTIVES.
5T 5T 5T
8. Allport's Trait Theory. 5T 5T
9. Cattell's Structure-Based Systems Theory.
5T 5T 5T
10. Eysenck's Biological Typology. 5T 5T
PART IV: COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVES.
5T 5T 5T
11. Kelly's Theory of Personal Constructs.
5T 5T 5T 5T
2
,PART V: HUMANISTIC/EXISTENTIAL PERSPECTIVES.
5T 5T 5T
12. Maslow's Self-Actualization Position. 5T 5T
13. Roger's Person-Centered Theory. 5T 5T
14. May's Existential-Analytic Position.
5T 5T
5T PART VI: SOCIAL-BEHAVIORISTIC PERSPECTIVES.
5T 5T 5T
15. Skinner's Operant Analysis. 5T 5T
16. Rotter's Expectancy Reinforcement Value Model.
5T 5T 5T 5T
17. Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory. 5T 5T 5T
PART VII: THE ROLE OF THE GRAND THEORIES IN CONTEMPORA
5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T5T
RY PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY.
5T 5T
18. Theory and Research in Contemporary Personality Psychology.
5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T
3
, CHAPTER OUTLINE 5T
I. Why study personality? The study of human personality helps us understand ourselves and o
5T 5T 5 T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5 T
ther people better and gives us a greater appreciation for the complexity of human experienc
5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5 T
e.
II. Definition of Personality: Personality is the dynamic and organized set of characteristics
5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5 T
possessed by an individual that uniquely influences his or her cognitions, motivations and b
5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5 T
ehaviors in various situations. 5T 5T 5T
III. Personality and Science: Personality is a scientific enterprise concerned with the description,
5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5 T e
xplanation, prediction, and control of events. 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T
A. Components of Science: Theories and Research Methods 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T
1. What are theories? A theory is a system of interrelated conceptual statements that are
5T 5T 5 T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5 T
created by investigators to account for a phenomenon or a set of phenomena.
5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T
2. Kinds of theories 5T 5T
a. inductive-sets of general summary statements about phenomena derived from facts. 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T
b. deductive-
theories in which specific hypotheses are derived from abstract propositions and then test
5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5 T 5T 5T
ed by the collection of data. Deductive theories consist of postulates, propositions, conc
5 T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5 T 5T
eptual definitions, operational definitions, hypotheses, and empirical observations.
5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5 T
1. postulates-the fundamental or core assumptions of a theory. They are taken as self- 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T
evidently true in order to provide a clear and focused direction for theorizing and r
5 T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5 T
esearch.
2. propositions-
general relational statements that may be true or false. They are not tested directly; instea
5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5 T 5T
d, hypotheses are derived from them.
5T 5T 5T 5T 5T
3. hypotheses-
specific propositions containing constructs that are conceptually defined and operationali
5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5 T
zed so they can tested and confirmed or disconfirmed through empirical testing. Hypothe
5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5 T 5T
ses are tentative theoretical statements about how events are related to one another, often
5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5 T 5T 5T 5T
stated as predictions. 5T 5T
a. a prior predictions-predictions made before the collection of data.
5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T
4. conceptualdefinitions- T
5
concepts in the hypotheses are defined precisely so that accurate measures of the concept
5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5 T 5T 5T 5T
s can be devised.
5T 5T 5T
5. operational definitions- procedures (or operations) used to define particular constructs. 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T
6. empirical observations-observations of phenomena made by investigators. 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T 5T
4
