,Table of Content cd cd
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology.............................................................................................................................. 4
cd cd cd
Chapter 02: Genes and Genetic Diseases ........................................................................................................... 13
cd cd cd cd cd
Chapter 03: Epigenetics and Disease................................................................................................................. 23
cd cd cd cd
U SN Tcd cd O ....................................................................................................................................................... 23
Chapter 04: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology ............................................................................................... 27
cd cd cd cd cd cd
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ..................................................................... 39
cd cd cd cd cd cd
Chapter 06: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysio
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
logy, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................. 48
cd cd
Chapter 07: Adaptive Immunity ....................................................................................................................... 60
cd cd cd
Chapter 08: Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolog
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
y, 6th Edition.................................................................................................................................................. 66
cd cd
SINGT B.COM .................................................................................................................................................. 74
Chapter 09: Stress and Disease ........................................................................................................................ 76
cd cd cd cd
Chapter 10: Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer Huether & McCance: Understanding Patho
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
physiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................... 81
cd cd
Chapter 11: Cancer Epidemiology .................................................................................................................... 87
cd cd cd
Chapter 12: Cancer in Children ........................................................................................................................ 91
cd cd cd cd
Chapter 13: Structure and Function of theNeurologic System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolog
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
y, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................................. 94
cd cd
Chapter 14: Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolog
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
y, 6th Edition................................................................................................................................................ 105
cd cd
Chapter 15: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function ............................. 116
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
Chapter 16: Disorders of theCentral and Peripheral Nervous Systems and theNeuromuscular Junction ................. 126
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
Chapter 17: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd c
6th Edition .................................................................................................................................................. 138
d cd
Chapter 18: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation ........................................................................................... 147
cd cd cd cd cd
Chapter 19: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation.............................................................................................. 156
cd cd cd cd cd
Chapter 20: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiol
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
ogy, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................ 169
cd cd
Chapter 21: Alterations of Hematologic Function............................................................................................. 176
cd cd cd cd cd
INGT B.COM .................................................................................................................................................. 177
Chapter 22: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolog
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
y, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................... 192
cd cd
Chapter 23: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Huether & McCance: Understan
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
ding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................. 200
cd cd cd
Chapter 24: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function ......................................................................................... 210
cd cd cd cd cd
U SN Tcd cd O ..................................................................................................................................................... 210
SINGT B.COM ................................................................................................................................................ 223
U SN Tcd cd O ..................................................................................................................................................... 226
U SN Tcd cd O ..................................................................................................................................................... 228
Chapter 25: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiol
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
ogy, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................ 229
cd cd
SNT
cd cd c d c d O ........................................................................................................................................................ 232
Chapter 26: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolog
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
y, 6th Edition................................................................................................................................................ 236
cd cd
Chapter 27: Alterations of Pulmonary Function ............................................................................................... 245
cd cd cd cd cd
, Chapter 28: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd c
6th Edition .................................................................................................................................................. 257
d cd
Chapter 29: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems Huether & McCance: Understanding Patho
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
physiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................. 265
cd cd
Chapter 30: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolog
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
y, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................... 273
cd cd
Chapter 31: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Path
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
ophysiology, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................... 280
cd cd
Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysio
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
logy, 6th Edition ........................................................................................................................................... 286
cd cd
Chapter 33: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
6th Edition ................................................................................................................................................... 295
cd
Chapter 34: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System ................................................................................ 300
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Digestive System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd c
6th Edition .................................................................................................................................................. 305
d cd
Chapter 36: Alterations of Digestive Function ................................................................................................. 312
cd cd cd cd cd
Chapter 37: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children ................................................................................ 325
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophys
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
iology, 6th Edition ......................................................................................................................................... 334
cd cd
U SN T
cd cd O ..................................................................................................................................................... 337
Chapter 39: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function ....................................................................................... 342
cd cd cd cd cd
Chapter 40: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysio
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
logy, 6th Edition ........................................................................................................................................... 352
cd cd
U SN T
cd cd O ..................................................................................................................................................... 354
Chapter 41: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysi
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
ology, 6th Edition.......................................................................................................................................... 357
cd cd
Chapter 42: Alterations of the Integument in Children ...................................................................................... 366
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
, Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
cd cd cd
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
cd cd cd cd cd cd
MULTIPLE CHOICE cd
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled DNA
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
a. A single circular chromosome
cd cd cd
b. A nucleus cd
c. Free-floating nuclear material cd cd
d. No organelles cd
ANS: B c d
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its nuc
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
leus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome called a prokaryote
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles.
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
REF: p. 2 cd cd
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
a. Metabolic absorption cd
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D cd
The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability invol
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
ves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and secretion al
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
lows for the synthesizing of new substances.
cd cd cd cd cd cd
REF: p. 2 cd cd
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of t
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
he genetic information be contained?
cd cd cd cd
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm cd
ANS: C cd
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic ac
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
id, most of the DNA, and DNA-
cd cd cd cd cd cd
binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is a
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
ssociated with cellular respiration, while ribosomes are involved with protein manufacturing.
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the cell.
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
REF: p. 2 cd cd
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology.............................................................................................................................. 4
cd cd cd
Chapter 02: Genes and Genetic Diseases ........................................................................................................... 13
cd cd cd cd cd
Chapter 03: Epigenetics and Disease................................................................................................................. 23
cd cd cd cd
U SN Tcd cd O ....................................................................................................................................................... 23
Chapter 04: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology ............................................................................................... 27
cd cd cd cd cd cd
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition ..................................................................... 39
cd cd cd cd cd cd
Chapter 06: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysio
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
logy, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................. 48
cd cd
Chapter 07: Adaptive Immunity ....................................................................................................................... 60
cd cd cd
Chapter 08: Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolog
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
y, 6th Edition.................................................................................................................................................. 66
cd cd
SINGT B.COM .................................................................................................................................................. 74
Chapter 09: Stress and Disease ........................................................................................................................ 76
cd cd cd cd
Chapter 10: Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer Huether & McCance: Understanding Patho
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
physiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................................... 81
cd cd
Chapter 11: Cancer Epidemiology .................................................................................................................... 87
cd cd cd
Chapter 12: Cancer in Children ........................................................................................................................ 91
cd cd cd cd
Chapter 13: Structure and Function of theNeurologic System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolog
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
y, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................................. 94
cd cd
Chapter 14: Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolog
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
y, 6th Edition................................................................................................................................................ 105
cd cd
Chapter 15: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function ............................. 116
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
Chapter 16: Disorders of theCentral and Peripheral Nervous Systems and theNeuromuscular Junction ................. 126
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
Chapter 17: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd c
6th Edition .................................................................................................................................................. 138
d cd
Chapter 18: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation ........................................................................................... 147
cd cd cd cd cd
Chapter 19: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation.............................................................................................. 156
cd cd cd cd cd
Chapter 20: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiol
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
ogy, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................ 169
cd cd
Chapter 21: Alterations of Hematologic Function............................................................................................. 176
cd cd cd cd cd
INGT B.COM .................................................................................................................................................. 177
Chapter 22: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolog
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
y, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................... 192
cd cd
Chapter 23: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Huether & McCance: Understan
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
ding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition .................................................................................................................. 200
cd cd cd
Chapter 24: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function ......................................................................................... 210
cd cd cd cd cd
U SN Tcd cd O ..................................................................................................................................................... 210
SINGT B.COM ................................................................................................................................................ 223
U SN Tcd cd O ..................................................................................................................................................... 226
U SN Tcd cd O ..................................................................................................................................................... 228
Chapter 25: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiol
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
ogy, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................ 229
cd cd
SNT
cd cd c d c d O ........................................................................................................................................................ 232
Chapter 26: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolog
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
y, 6th Edition................................................................................................................................................ 236
cd cd
Chapter 27: Alterations of Pulmonary Function ............................................................................................... 245
cd cd cd cd cd
, Chapter 28: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd c
6th Edition .................................................................................................................................................. 257
d cd
Chapter 29: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems Huether & McCance: Understanding Patho
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
physiology, 6th Edition ................................................................................................................................. 265
cd cd
Chapter 30: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiolog
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
y, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................................... 273
cd cd
Chapter 31: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Path
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
ophysiology, 6th Edition ............................................................................................................................... 280
cd cd
Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysio
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
logy, 6th Edition ........................................................................................................................................... 286
cd cd
Chapter 33: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
6th Edition ................................................................................................................................................... 295
cd
Chapter 34: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System ................................................................................ 300
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Digestive System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology,
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd c
6th Edition .................................................................................................................................................. 305
d cd
Chapter 36: Alterations of Digestive Function ................................................................................................. 312
cd cd cd cd cd
Chapter 37: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children ................................................................................ 325
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophys
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
iology, 6th Edition ......................................................................................................................................... 334
cd cd
U SN T
cd cd O ..................................................................................................................................................... 337
Chapter 39: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function ....................................................................................... 342
cd cd cd cd cd
Chapter 40: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysio
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
logy, 6th Edition ........................................................................................................................................... 352
cd cd
U SN T
cd cd O ..................................................................................................................................................... 354
Chapter 41: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysi
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
ology, 6th Edition.......................................................................................................................................... 357
cd cd
Chapter 42: Alterations of the Integument in Children ...................................................................................... 366
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
, Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
cd cd cd
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
cd cd cd cd cd cd
MULTIPLE CHOICE cd
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled DNA
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student?
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
a. A single circular chromosome
cd cd cd
b. A nucleus cd
c. Free-floating nuclear material cd cd
d. No organelles cd
ANS: B c d
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its nuc
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
leus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome called a prokaryote
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles.
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
REF: p. 2 cd cd
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
a. Metabolic absorption cd
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: D cd
The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability invol
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
ves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and secretion al
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
lows for the synthesizing of new substances.
cd cd cd cd cd cd
REF: p. 2 cd cd
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of t
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
he genetic information be contained?
cd cd cd cd
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm cd
ANS: C cd
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic ac
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
id, most of the DNA, and DNA-
cd cd cd cd cd cd
binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is a
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
ssociated with cellular respiration, while ribosomes are involved with protein manufacturing.
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the cell.
cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd cd
REF: p. 2 cd cd
