A.P. BIOLOGY CHAPTER 8 ENZYMES
AND METABOLISM REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Coenzyme - ANSWER-Nonprotein organic molecule that aids the action of the
enzyme to which it is loosely bound (temporary!)
Inhibitors - ANSWER-Molecules that reduce enzyme activity.
Competitive inhibitor - ANSWER-Inhibitor that competes for binding at the enzyme
active site, eventually is overcome by increasing substrate concentration
Non-competitive inhibitor - ANSWER-Binds to the enzyme at a different site,
changing the shape of the active site, making the active site no longer functional
(cyanide!)
Irreversible inhibition - ANSWER-It covalently bonds to side chains in the active site
and permanently inactivates the enzyme
Allosteric regulation - ANSWER-Conformational changes by regulatory molecules
(basically turning the enzyme on and off)
Metabolic pathways - ANSWER-A series of a chemical reaction that is divided into
many small steps, each needing the previous enzyme to make the substrate to
continue the reaction.
Feedback inhibition - ANSWER-Regulation and coordination of production, product
is used by the next step in the pathway
Metabolism - ANSWER-All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
Anabolic - ANSWER-Putting molecules together (dehydration synthesis/synthesis in
general)
Catabolic - ANSWER-Breaking down molecules (hydrolysis, digestion)
Exergonic - ANSWER-Chemical reactions that release energy
Endergonic - ANSWER-A chemical reaction that requires the input of energy in order
to proceed.
Catabolic - ANSWER-What reaction is instantly exergonic? (And vice versa)
Gibbs free energy equation - ANSWER-ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
Change in available energy - ANSWER-ΔG
AND METABOLISM REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Coenzyme - ANSWER-Nonprotein organic molecule that aids the action of the
enzyme to which it is loosely bound (temporary!)
Inhibitors - ANSWER-Molecules that reduce enzyme activity.
Competitive inhibitor - ANSWER-Inhibitor that competes for binding at the enzyme
active site, eventually is overcome by increasing substrate concentration
Non-competitive inhibitor - ANSWER-Binds to the enzyme at a different site,
changing the shape of the active site, making the active site no longer functional
(cyanide!)
Irreversible inhibition - ANSWER-It covalently bonds to side chains in the active site
and permanently inactivates the enzyme
Allosteric regulation - ANSWER-Conformational changes by regulatory molecules
(basically turning the enzyme on and off)
Metabolic pathways - ANSWER-A series of a chemical reaction that is divided into
many small steps, each needing the previous enzyme to make the substrate to
continue the reaction.
Feedback inhibition - ANSWER-Regulation and coordination of production, product
is used by the next step in the pathway
Metabolism - ANSWER-All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
Anabolic - ANSWER-Putting molecules together (dehydration synthesis/synthesis in
general)
Catabolic - ANSWER-Breaking down molecules (hydrolysis, digestion)
Exergonic - ANSWER-Chemical reactions that release energy
Endergonic - ANSWER-A chemical reaction that requires the input of energy in order
to proceed.
Catabolic - ANSWER-What reaction is instantly exergonic? (And vice versa)
Gibbs free energy equation - ANSWER-ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
Change in available energy - ANSWER-ΔG
