Below is a set of revision test questions for “Chapter 10: Vision, From Eye to
Brain” along with a detailed rationale for each answer. These questions are
designed to help you review key concepts—from the anatomy and function of
the eye to the neural pathways that process visual information.
Revision Test Questions
Question 1: Which structure of the eye provides the majority of the refractive power needed to focus
incoming light?
A. Lens
B. Cornea
C. Iris
D. Sclera
Correct Answer: B. Cornea
Rationale: The cornea is the eye’s first refractive surface, accounting for about two-thirds of its focusing
power. Although the lens fine-tunes focus (accommodation), the initial bending of light occurs at the
cornea.
Question 2: What is the primary function of rods in the retina?
A. Color detection in bright light
B. High spatial acuity
C. Vision under low light conditions
D. Detecting rapid movements
Correct Answer: C. Vision under low light conditions
Rationale: Rods are highly sensitive to light and are essential for night vision and low-light conditions.
They do not contribute to color vision, which is handled by cones, and have lower spatial resolution
compared to cones.
Question 3: Which retinal area is specialized for high-acuity vision?
A. Optic disc
B. Peripheral retina
C. Fovea
D. Macula (excluding the fovea)
Correct Answer: C. Fovea
Rationale: The fovea is densely packed with cone photoreceptors, enabling high-resolution and detailed
central vision. This specialization allows for tasks such as reading and recognizing faces.
, Question 4: What is the main role of the optic nerve?
A. Focusing light on the retina
B. Converting light into electrical signals
C. Transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain
D. Regulating the amount of light entering the eye
Correct Answer: C. Transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain
Rationale: The optic nerve consists of the axons of retinal ganglion cells and serves as the pathway for
visual information to reach various brain centers, including the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and
visual cortex.
Question 5: Which structure acts as the primary relay station for visual information in the brain?
A. Superior colliculus
B. Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)
C. Primary visual cortex (V1)
D. Superior temporal sulcus
Correct Answer: B. Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)
Rationale: The LGN, located in the thalamus, is the major relay center that processes and forwards
visual signals from the retina (via the optic nerve) to the primary visual cortex for further interpretation.
Question 6: How does the primary visual cortex (V1) contribute to visual processing?
A. It detects the presence of light
B. It performs the initial processing and interpretation of visual stimuli
C. It controls eye movements
D. It adjusts the focus of the eye
Correct Answer: B. It performs the initial processing and interpretation of visual stimuli
Rationale: V1, situated in the occipital lobe, is where the brain begins to process visual information by
analyzing aspects like edges, orientation, and spatial frequency, laying the foundation for higher-level
perception.
Question 7: Binocular vision primarily enhances our ability to perceive:
A. Color differences
B. Depth and spatial relationships
C. Motion in the peripheral field
D. Fine details in a stationary scene
Correct Answer: B. Depth and spatial relationships
Rationale: By combining the slightly different views from each eye (stereopsis), binocular vision enables
the brain to construct a three-dimensional perception of the environment, which is crucial for depth
perception.
Brain” along with a detailed rationale for each answer. These questions are
designed to help you review key concepts—from the anatomy and function of
the eye to the neural pathways that process visual information.
Revision Test Questions
Question 1: Which structure of the eye provides the majority of the refractive power needed to focus
incoming light?
A. Lens
B. Cornea
C. Iris
D. Sclera
Correct Answer: B. Cornea
Rationale: The cornea is the eye’s first refractive surface, accounting for about two-thirds of its focusing
power. Although the lens fine-tunes focus (accommodation), the initial bending of light occurs at the
cornea.
Question 2: What is the primary function of rods in the retina?
A. Color detection in bright light
B. High spatial acuity
C. Vision under low light conditions
D. Detecting rapid movements
Correct Answer: C. Vision under low light conditions
Rationale: Rods are highly sensitive to light and are essential for night vision and low-light conditions.
They do not contribute to color vision, which is handled by cones, and have lower spatial resolution
compared to cones.
Question 3: Which retinal area is specialized for high-acuity vision?
A. Optic disc
B. Peripheral retina
C. Fovea
D. Macula (excluding the fovea)
Correct Answer: C. Fovea
Rationale: The fovea is densely packed with cone photoreceptors, enabling high-resolution and detailed
central vision. This specialization allows for tasks such as reading and recognizing faces.
, Question 4: What is the main role of the optic nerve?
A. Focusing light on the retina
B. Converting light into electrical signals
C. Transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain
D. Regulating the amount of light entering the eye
Correct Answer: C. Transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain
Rationale: The optic nerve consists of the axons of retinal ganglion cells and serves as the pathway for
visual information to reach various brain centers, including the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and
visual cortex.
Question 5: Which structure acts as the primary relay station for visual information in the brain?
A. Superior colliculus
B. Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)
C. Primary visual cortex (V1)
D. Superior temporal sulcus
Correct Answer: B. Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)
Rationale: The LGN, located in the thalamus, is the major relay center that processes and forwards
visual signals from the retina (via the optic nerve) to the primary visual cortex for further interpretation.
Question 6: How does the primary visual cortex (V1) contribute to visual processing?
A. It detects the presence of light
B. It performs the initial processing and interpretation of visual stimuli
C. It controls eye movements
D. It adjusts the focus of the eye
Correct Answer: B. It performs the initial processing and interpretation of visual stimuli
Rationale: V1, situated in the occipital lobe, is where the brain begins to process visual information by
analyzing aspects like edges, orientation, and spatial frequency, laying the foundation for higher-level
perception.
Question 7: Binocular vision primarily enhances our ability to perceive:
A. Color differences
B. Depth and spatial relationships
C. Motion in the peripheral field
D. Fine details in a stationary scene
Correct Answer: B. Depth and spatial relationships
Rationale: By combining the slightly different views from each eye (stereopsis), binocular vision enables
the brain to construct a three-dimensional perception of the environment, which is crucial for depth
perception.
