BIO 256 Exam 3- Official (100 OUT OF 100) Questions and Answers (100% Verified Elaborations).

BIO 256 Exam 3- Official (100 OUT OF 100) Questions and Answers (100% Verified Elaborations). Fred's blood was determined to be AB positive. What does this mean? There are no antibodies to A, to B, or to RH antigens in his plasma If cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood supply, damage would primarily result from impaired delivery of oxygen When red blood cells wear out, the iron of hemogoblin is saved and recycled. The remainder of the heme is excreted as bile pigments (bilirubin). Which is NOT a vital sign used to assess the cardiovascular system? serum cholesterol The tricuspid valve is closed when the right ventricle is in systole Skeletal muscle assists the heart in moving blood through veins Norepinephrine acts on heart muscle cells by causing threshold to be reached more quickly The molecule binding calcium in smooth muscle cells is calmodulin Damage to the _________ is referred to as heart block. atrioventricular node Which component of the intrinsic autorhythmicity system of the heart functions to assure that the ventricles contract after the atria? atrioventricular node The effect of endurance-type athletic training may be to lower the resting heart rate. The phenomenon is caused by the hypertrophy of the heart muscle Cancer of lymphoblasts developing quickly in a young child would b called acute lymphocytic leukemia Oxygen is transported by red blood cells, it is carried by attaching to the iron ion in heme The blood vessel type removing carbon dioxide and wastes from the tissues is the vein If plasma proteins are lost due to kidney disease, then which of the following pressure changes occur as a result? blood colloid osmotic pressure decreases Select the correct statement about factors that influence blood pressure Excess red cell production would cause a blood pressure increase. The diameter of blood vessels most directly affects resistance Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events? closure of the heart valves Which of the following is NOT required for erthropoiesis production of vacuoles On average, normal resting cardiac output for an adult is about 5 liter/min The role of calcium ions in muscle contraction is to bind to regulatory sites on troponin, changing troponin's shape. Immediately following the arrival of the stimulus at a skeletal muscle cell there is a short period called the ________ period during which calcium ions are released from the terminal cristerae latent The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates atrial depolarization A motor neuron and the myofibers it innervates is known as a(n) motor unit Which is NOT a risk factor for essential hypertension? circulatory shock How does exercising assure greater blood delivery to the active muscles? Which blood protein(s) regulates osmotic pressure, pulling water into blood? albumin Which blood protein(s) serves as antibodies that tag foreign substances for elimination from the body? gamma globulins The number of muscle fibers in a contracted state in an otherwise relaxed muscle is known as its muscle tone The least abundant human leukocytes are the basophils Hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output Which is the correct equation for the relationship between blood pressure (BP), cardiac output (CO), and peripheral resistance (PR)? BP=CO x PR Which tissue uses over half the oxygen in blood vessels serving it? heart Which hormone reduces blood pressure? Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) Which provides a positive chronotropic effect on the heart? norepinephrine What ion is responsible for the depolarization of cardiac autorhythmic cells during an action potential? calcium Which of the following is a precursor of a eosinophil? myeloblast After nervous stimulation of the muscle cell has ceased, the acetylcholine is destroyed by acetyl choline esterase Sickling of the red blood cells can be produced in those with sickle cell anemia by travel at high altitudes The cardiac muscle contraction occurs when Ca enters the myofibers through slow channels When the systemic mean arterial pressure is less then 60 mm Hg, syncope may follow The velocity of blood flow is slowest in the capillaries because the total cross sectional area is the greatest Which of the following are composed of myosin? thick filaments The functional unit of a skeletal muscle is sarcomere An increase in venous return most directly affects stroke volume A motor unit is a motor neuron and the myofibers it stimulates Oxygen is stored in myofibers on/in myoglobin Which lists the components of the heart's conduction system in the proper order? SA node, AV node, bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers Which of the following is NOT part of the conduction system of the heart? atrioventricular valve Which is a risk factor for essential hypertension? obesity Pulse is measured in arteries Cardiac ischemia can result in a myocardial infarction Which of the following is true about blood plasma? It is about 90% water You obtain a tube of blood from a patient. EDTA anticoagulant is in the tube, so the blood does not clot. The tube is centrifuged and you remove the liquid atop the cell. The liquid thus obtained is called plasma When stimuli bring about more and more fibers in a contracted state, this is called recruitment When erythrocytes are worn and tattered, the some of the hemoglobin molecule is recycled. Transfering assists in this by transferring the iron to the red bone marrow where it can be reused Which will decrease blood pressure? nitric oxide Exercising returns more blood to the heart. Therefore, exercises causes_________ stroke volume and _______ heart contraction force. increased, increased Contractile myocardial fibers use ______ to initiate action potentials, while autorhythmic fibers use ______. The second heart sound (dub of the lub dub) is caused by closure of the semilunar valves The neurotransmitter used at a motor end plate is acetylcholine When neither anti-A or anti-B agglutinates with a patients blood, their blood type is 0 We have an expert-written solution to this problem! In muscle action potential, the wave of the positive mV charge travels through ________to the sarcoplasm from the sarcolemma T-tubules If the vagus nerve to the heart were cut, the result would be the heart rate would increase by about 25 beats per minute Which of the following is characteristic of all leukocytes? They are nucleated Vascular resistance is NOT affected by The viscosity of blood most directly affects systemic vascular resistances Intense exercise can cause both of the above Select the correct statement about blood flow blood flow through the entire vascular system is equivalent to cardiac output The sheet of connective tissue beneath skin around a muscle, providing a pathway for nerves and blood vessels is called the fascia Cardiac muscle fibers are depolarized longer than skeletal muscle fibers because Ca++ enters the cytosol from the extracellular fluid to contribute more depolarization just after Na+ has entered Acute leukemia is more common in _________persons, chronic leukemia is more common in _______ persons. younger, older The number of muscle fibers in a contracted state in an otherwise relaxed muscle known as its muscle tone Which of the following is a precursor of a lymphocyte? lymphoblast Control of blood flow through a capillary bed occurs at its precapillary sphincter The blood vessel type allowing exchange of respiratory gases, delivery of nutrients, and removal of wastes to and from the tissues is the capillary When cardiac muscle cells die the result is fibrosis (scarring). Angina pectoris is pain accompanying myocardial ischemia Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis? increased tissue demand for oxygen In the dynamics of blood flow through capillaries, hydrostatic pressure is the same as capillary blood pressure During the period of ventricular filling, blood flows from the atria and through the open atrioventricular valves Which is the most important factor affecting stroke volume? preload The first thing that stops a muscle contraction after a motor neuron stops releasing acetylcholine is acetylcholinesterase destroys the acetylcholine as it is removed from the membrane receptors. The warm-up period required of athletes in order to bring their muscles to peak performance is called treppe Cerebral blood flow is regulated by intrinsic autoregulatory mechanisms. The function of hemoglobin is to carry oxygen from the lungs to all the tissues of the body Glucose delivered to a recovering myofiber is used to reestablish glycogen storage The myocardium requires ____ oxygen than skeletal muscle and has ____ mitochondria. more, more Gas exchange occurs in capillaries Blood flow to a specific tissue increases when blood viscosity increases. Which of the following is a regulatory function of blood? maintenance of normal pH in body tissues Rigor mortis occurs because no ATP is available to release attached actin and myosin molecules A lack of intrinsic factor, leading to a deficiency of vitamin B12 and large pale red blood cells called macrocytes, is characteristic of: pernicious anemia Factors aiding venous return include all except urinary output Select the correct statement about cardiac output. A slow heart rate increases end diastolic volume, stroke volume, and force of contraction. Which will increase blood pressure? alcohol In skeletal muscle, each myofiber is surrounded by perimysium Which of the following wraps an entire muscle? epimysium The most abundant human leukocytes are the neutrophils The father is Rh- and the mother is Rh+. They have had three children without adverse problems due to the Rh factor. The mother is pregnant again. In terms of the Rh factor, the risk to this fetus never was a problem Smooth muscle is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT there are more thick filaments than thin filaments Which lists the components of the heart's conduction system in the proper order? sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle, bundle branches, conduction myofibers During a normal cardiac cycle, the atria contract when they are directly stimulated by the SA node Which of the following is a precursor of a neutrophil? myeloblast Together, leukocytes and platelets comprise approximately ________ percent of total blood volume. 1 We have an expert-written solution to this problem! Acetylcholine decreases heart rate Muscle tone is a state of sustained partial contraction of muscles Which is the correct sequence of events in a cardiac myocardium action potential? Na+ inward flux, Ca+ inward flux, K+ outward flux What is the best definition of blood pressure? force per unit area exerted on a wall of blood vessel Myogoblin holds a reserve supply oxygen in muscle cells An elaborate network of membranes in skeletal muscle cells that functions in calcium storage is the sacroplasmic reticulum We have an expert-written solution to this problem! The dicrotic notch refers to the brief rise in aortic pressure cause by the blackflow of blood rebounding off the aortic semilunar valve The mechanism of contraction in a smooth muscle parallels that of a skeletal muscle in the following ways EXCEPT The site of calcium regulation differs Select the correct statement regarding blood cell formation Red marrow is the main site of blood cell formation throughout adult life The most abundant plasma protein is albumin In muscle contraction, calcium acts to change the shape of the troponin-tropomyosin complex Which of the following is NOT a complication of aplastic anemia? hypertension Which of the following chemicals does NOT control blood pressure? nitric acid In an isotonic contraction, the muscle changes in length and moves the "load" A person with chronic leukemia is _____ likely to suffer a bacterial infection in/on their body more Which of the following factors does NOT influence heart rate? skin color Select the correct statement about the movement of materials at the capillary level. carbon dixiode moves from its production site into the interstitual fluid Which provides a long term control for blood pressure? blood volume The stroke volume for a normal resting heart is ____m/beat. 70 The stimulus for atrial contraction originates of the ____ while the stimulus for ventricular contraction originates at the _____ SA node, AV node _____binds Ca++, exposing ____ binding sites on ______ troponin, myosin, actin What takes the longest time in a contracting skeletal myofiber? recovery A drop in blood pressure stimulates the cardiovascular center to increase blood pressure and hear rate via epinephrine Formed elements found in the blood that are about 7-8 Um in diameter with no nuclei are erythrocytes The time from when the ventricular contractile myofibers are depolarized until the repolarize its represented by the S-T interval If acetylcholine is applied to the heart, but cardiac output is to remain constant, which of the following would have to happen? stroke volume must increase Which of the following is likely during vigorious exercise capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood Where in the body would you find low blood oxygen levels cause vasoconstriction and high levels cause vasodilation? lungs