BIOS251/l BIOSl 251l Examl 2:l Anatomyl
andl Physiologyl Il Reviewl (Latestl 2025/l
2026l Update)l |l Qsl &l As|l Gradel A|l
100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Answers)-l
Chamberlain
QUESTION
Osmosis
Answer:
Movementl ofl waterl directlyl acrossl al semipermeablel membranel orl throughl aquaporinsl
froml lowl solutel concentrationl tol highl solutel concentration.l Ex.l waterl froml urinel willl
movel intol kidneyl cells.
QUESTION
Hypertonicity
Answer:
Solutionsl havel highl ECFl osmolarity,l waterl movesl outl ofl cell,l celll shrinks.
QUESTION
Isotonicity
Answer:
Solutionsl havel samel osmolarity,l nol netl movementl ofl waterl inl orl outl ofl cell.
QUESTION
,Hypotonicity
Answer:
Solutionsl havel lowl ECFl osmolarity,l waterl movesl intol thel celll causingl swellingl andl
potentiall bursting.
QUESTION
Hydrophilicl heads
Answer:
Chargesl chemicalsl andl thusl attractl water.
QUESTION
Hydrophobicl tails
Answer:
Non-chargedl (orl neutrall chemicals)l andl thusl repell water.
QUESTION
Passivel Transport
Answer:
Doesl notl usel ATPl asl anl energyl sourcel andl occursl froml highl tol lowl concentrationl
(downhill).
QUESTION
Simplel Diffusion
,Answer:
Moleculesl movel alongl al concentrationl gradientl froml higherl tol lowerl concentration.l Ex.l
O2l gasl movesl froml highlyl oxygenatedl bloodl intol oxygen-poorl cells.
QUESTION
Facilitatedl Diffusion
Answer:
Thel usel ofl al channell proteinl tol passivelyl movel thel chemicalsl acrossl thel membrane.l
Moleculesl movel froml highl tol lowl inl thel concentrationl gradient.l Ex.l Glucosel froml thel
bloodl entersl al lowl glucosel celll throughl al glucosel channell protein.
QUESTION
Activel Transport
Answer:
Utilizesl energyl tol movel substancel againstl al concentrationl gradient,l lowerl tol higherl
concentrationl Dependsl onl factors:l ATP,l Membranel proteins,l Concentrationl ofl molecules,l
Membranel potentials.
QUESTION
Bulkl Transport
Answer:
Usesl vesiclesl tol transportl largel molecules.
QUESTION
Endocytosis
, Answer:
Transportsl materiall intol thel celll (thinkl Entering).
QUESTION
Exocytosis
Answer:
Transportsl materiall outl ofl thel celll (thinkl Exiting).
QUESTION
Phagocytosis
Answer:
Bringsl inl solidsl "celll eating".
QUESTION
Pinocytosis
Answer:
Bringsl inl liquidsl "celll drinking".
QUESTION
Intracellularl fluidl (ICF)
Answer:
Alsol knownl asl cytosol,l morel gel-likel thanl ECF.
andl Physiologyl Il Reviewl (Latestl 2025/l
2026l Update)l |l Qsl &l As|l Gradel A|l
100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Answers)-l
Chamberlain
QUESTION
Osmosis
Answer:
Movementl ofl waterl directlyl acrossl al semipermeablel membranel orl throughl aquaporinsl
froml lowl solutel concentrationl tol highl solutel concentration.l Ex.l waterl froml urinel willl
movel intol kidneyl cells.
QUESTION
Hypertonicity
Answer:
Solutionsl havel highl ECFl osmolarity,l waterl movesl outl ofl cell,l celll shrinks.
QUESTION
Isotonicity
Answer:
Solutionsl havel samel osmolarity,l nol netl movementl ofl waterl inl orl outl ofl cell.
QUESTION
,Hypotonicity
Answer:
Solutionsl havel lowl ECFl osmolarity,l waterl movesl intol thel celll causingl swellingl andl
potentiall bursting.
QUESTION
Hydrophilicl heads
Answer:
Chargesl chemicalsl andl thusl attractl water.
QUESTION
Hydrophobicl tails
Answer:
Non-chargedl (orl neutrall chemicals)l andl thusl repell water.
QUESTION
Passivel Transport
Answer:
Doesl notl usel ATPl asl anl energyl sourcel andl occursl froml highl tol lowl concentrationl
(downhill).
QUESTION
Simplel Diffusion
,Answer:
Moleculesl movel alongl al concentrationl gradientl froml higherl tol lowerl concentration.l Ex.l
O2l gasl movesl froml highlyl oxygenatedl bloodl intol oxygen-poorl cells.
QUESTION
Facilitatedl Diffusion
Answer:
Thel usel ofl al channell proteinl tol passivelyl movel thel chemicalsl acrossl thel membrane.l
Moleculesl movel froml highl tol lowl inl thel concentrationl gradient.l Ex.l Glucosel froml thel
bloodl entersl al lowl glucosel celll throughl al glucosel channell protein.
QUESTION
Activel Transport
Answer:
Utilizesl energyl tol movel substancel againstl al concentrationl gradient,l lowerl tol higherl
concentrationl Dependsl onl factors:l ATP,l Membranel proteins,l Concentrationl ofl molecules,l
Membranel potentials.
QUESTION
Bulkl Transport
Answer:
Usesl vesiclesl tol transportl largel molecules.
QUESTION
Endocytosis
, Answer:
Transportsl materiall intol thel celll (thinkl Entering).
QUESTION
Exocytosis
Answer:
Transportsl materiall outl ofl thel celll (thinkl Exiting).
QUESTION
Phagocytosis
Answer:
Bringsl inl solidsl "celll eating".
QUESTION
Pinocytosis
Answer:
Bringsl inl liquidsl "celll drinking".
QUESTION
Intracellularl fluidl (ICF)
Answer:
Alsol knownl asl cytosol,l morel gel-likel thanl ECF.
