Foundations of the European
Union
HC’s en OG’s
,Inhoudsopgave
1: Development of the EU...........................................................................................................4
Nationalism and the origins of the EU..........................................................................................4
Recent challenges for the EU........................................................................................................5
The financial crisis.....................................................................................................................5
Brexit.........................................................................................................................................5
Migration Crisis.........................................................................................................................5
Rule of law crisis.......................................................................................................................5
Pandemic crisis.........................................................................................................................5
3: Conclusion................................................................................................................................5
2: The EU’s political institutions..................................................................................................5
Introduction..................................................................................................................................6
The concept of representative democracy....................................................................................6
European Commission: art. 17 TEU, art. 244-250 TFEU...............................................................6
European Parliament: art. 14 TEU, art. 223-234 TFEU.................................................................6
Council: art. 16 TEU, art. 237-243 TFEU.......................................................................................7
European Council: art. 15 TEU, art. 235-236 TFEU.......................................................................8
Court of Justice of the European Union: art. 19 TEU, art. 251-281 TFEU......................................8
Enlargement of the EU.................................................................................................................8
OG 1: Overview of EU development and EU Institutional framework..........................................9
3: Legislating in the European Union.........................................................................................11
The EU’s competences................................................................................................................11
Delimitations to the exercise of the EU’s competences: subsidiarity & proportionality..............11
Choice of legal basis...................................................................................................................12
Decision-making procedures......................................................................................................13
Enhanced cooperation................................................................................................................14
OG 2: Legislating in the EU........................................................................................................15
4: The effects of EU law in the national legal systems...............................................................16
Introduction................................................................................................................................16
Direct effect of EU law................................................................................................................16
Indirect effect of EU law or consistent interpretation.................................................................17
Primacy of EU law......................................................................................................................18
State liability for breach of EU law.............................................................................................18
OG 3: EU Law in the National Legal System...............................................................................19
5: General principles of EU law and EU administrative law........................................................20
, Introduction................................................................................................................................20
Organizational levels and the distribution of powers in implementing EU law..........................20
Conferral powers on the Union...............................................................................................20
Implementation of EU law by the member states..................................................................20
Delegation of powers within the Union..................................................................................21
Criteria for legality.....................................................................................................................22
Proportionality........................................................................................................................22
Rule of law: transparency, legality, legal certainty, legitimate expectations..........................23
Good administration...............................................................................................................23
Information-related rights: freedom of information and data protection..............................24
The right to an effective judicial remedy and additional rights of defence.............................24
6: Judicial protection and EU remedies......................................................................................25
The structure and jurisdiction of the Court of Justice of the European Union at a glance..........25
Action for failure to fulfil obligations / Infringement proceedings..............................................25
Action for annulment.................................................................................................................26
Action for failure to act..............................................................................................................27
Preliminary references...............................................................................................................27
Liability of the EU.......................................................................................................................28
7: Fundamental rights in the European Union...........................................................................28
Sources and evolution of fundamental rights.............................................................................28
Application and limitation of (selected) fundamental rights......................................................29
Enforcement...............................................................................................................................30
The EU and the ECHR..................................................................................................................30
8: Case law................................................................................................................................31
European law as a new legal order of international law (legal order, direct effect, supremacy)
..........................................................................................................................................................31
Choice of legal basis...................................................................................................................31
Institutional principles and fundamental principles (human rights protection)..........................31
Direct, indirect effect & state liability.........................................................................................31
Direct effect, vertical and horizontal of primary law..................................................................32
Lack of horizontal effect of non-implemented Directive.............................................................32
Extension of the definition of state.............................................................................................32
Indirect effect or duty of consistent interpretation.....................................................................32
When does the duty of consistent interpretation start...............................................................32
State liability..............................................................................................................................32
Preliminary rulings.....................................................................................................................32
Infringement procedure.............................................................................................................32
Direct actions.............................................................................................................................32
, Union liability.............................................................................................................................33
1: Development of the EU
Nationalism and the origins of the EU
Union
HC’s en OG’s
,Inhoudsopgave
1: Development of the EU...........................................................................................................4
Nationalism and the origins of the EU..........................................................................................4
Recent challenges for the EU........................................................................................................5
The financial crisis.....................................................................................................................5
Brexit.........................................................................................................................................5
Migration Crisis.........................................................................................................................5
Rule of law crisis.......................................................................................................................5
Pandemic crisis.........................................................................................................................5
3: Conclusion................................................................................................................................5
2: The EU’s political institutions..................................................................................................5
Introduction..................................................................................................................................6
The concept of representative democracy....................................................................................6
European Commission: art. 17 TEU, art. 244-250 TFEU...............................................................6
European Parliament: art. 14 TEU, art. 223-234 TFEU.................................................................6
Council: art. 16 TEU, art. 237-243 TFEU.......................................................................................7
European Council: art. 15 TEU, art. 235-236 TFEU.......................................................................8
Court of Justice of the European Union: art. 19 TEU, art. 251-281 TFEU......................................8
Enlargement of the EU.................................................................................................................8
OG 1: Overview of EU development and EU Institutional framework..........................................9
3: Legislating in the European Union.........................................................................................11
The EU’s competences................................................................................................................11
Delimitations to the exercise of the EU’s competences: subsidiarity & proportionality..............11
Choice of legal basis...................................................................................................................12
Decision-making procedures......................................................................................................13
Enhanced cooperation................................................................................................................14
OG 2: Legislating in the EU........................................................................................................15
4: The effects of EU law in the national legal systems...............................................................16
Introduction................................................................................................................................16
Direct effect of EU law................................................................................................................16
Indirect effect of EU law or consistent interpretation.................................................................17
Primacy of EU law......................................................................................................................18
State liability for breach of EU law.............................................................................................18
OG 3: EU Law in the National Legal System...............................................................................19
5: General principles of EU law and EU administrative law........................................................20
, Introduction................................................................................................................................20
Organizational levels and the distribution of powers in implementing EU law..........................20
Conferral powers on the Union...............................................................................................20
Implementation of EU law by the member states..................................................................20
Delegation of powers within the Union..................................................................................21
Criteria for legality.....................................................................................................................22
Proportionality........................................................................................................................22
Rule of law: transparency, legality, legal certainty, legitimate expectations..........................23
Good administration...............................................................................................................23
Information-related rights: freedom of information and data protection..............................24
The right to an effective judicial remedy and additional rights of defence.............................24
6: Judicial protection and EU remedies......................................................................................25
The structure and jurisdiction of the Court of Justice of the European Union at a glance..........25
Action for failure to fulfil obligations / Infringement proceedings..............................................25
Action for annulment.................................................................................................................26
Action for failure to act..............................................................................................................27
Preliminary references...............................................................................................................27
Liability of the EU.......................................................................................................................28
7: Fundamental rights in the European Union...........................................................................28
Sources and evolution of fundamental rights.............................................................................28
Application and limitation of (selected) fundamental rights......................................................29
Enforcement...............................................................................................................................30
The EU and the ECHR..................................................................................................................30
8: Case law................................................................................................................................31
European law as a new legal order of international law (legal order, direct effect, supremacy)
..........................................................................................................................................................31
Choice of legal basis...................................................................................................................31
Institutional principles and fundamental principles (human rights protection)..........................31
Direct, indirect effect & state liability.........................................................................................31
Direct effect, vertical and horizontal of primary law..................................................................32
Lack of horizontal effect of non-implemented Directive.............................................................32
Extension of the definition of state.............................................................................................32
Indirect effect or duty of consistent interpretation.....................................................................32
When does the duty of consistent interpretation start...............................................................32
State liability..............................................................................................................................32
Preliminary rulings.....................................................................................................................32
Infringement procedure.............................................................................................................32
Direct actions.............................................................................................................................32
, Union liability.............................................................................................................................33
1: Development of the EU
Nationalism and the origins of the EU
