NR 507 ACTUAL FINAL EXAM TESTBANK /NR507
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY LATEST
UPDATE 2025-2026 WITH ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS|ALREADY GRADED A+
(BRAND NEW!)
Terms in this set (85)
area of the skin that is mainly
supplied by branches of a single
spinal sensory nerve root. These
Dermatomes spinal sensory nerves enter the
nerve root at the spinal cord,
and their branches reach to the
periphery of the body.
Acetylcholine- Excitatory or inhibitory- alzheimers
Norepi- Excitatory or inhibitory- sleep/wake cycle,
Substance release at the
SYNS transmission
synapse
Dopa- Excitatory (h1 and h2 receptors) and inhibitory
(H3 receptors). parkinson disease
structural defect (degeneration, fracture, or
developmental defect) in the pars interarticularis of
the vertebral arch (the joining of the vertebral body to
Spondylolysis the posterior structures). The lumbar spine at L5 is
affected most often.
-Heredity
-Other congenital spinal defects
, Parietal lobe- major area for somatic sensory input,
located along the postcentral gyrus. which is adjacent
to the primary motor area in the precentral gyrus.
motor and sensory areas Primary motor area (Brodmann area 4)- located along
of the brain the precentral gyrus forming the primary voluntary
motor area (homunculus) (little man).
Association fibers provide communication between
sensory and motor
ischemic but not infarcted (salvageable) tissue. Peri-
Ischemic penumbra infarct tissue.
-no structural damage
ischemic- white infarct (affected area is pale and soft
6-12 hours after). necrosis appears by 48 to 72 hours.
Cerebral infarction
Infiltration of macrophages and phagocytosis of
necrotic tissue. necrosis resolves around the 2nd
week. glial scarring.
Toxins (usually amino acids) that overstimulate
excitotoxins
glutamate release and cause neuron suicide.
the inability to recognize familiar objects.
-tactile/spatial-parietal lobe
Agnosia -Gerstmann syndrome (loss of spatial orientation of
fingers, body, sides and #s)- L angular gyrus (Parieral)
-Object- Temporo-occipital area
-Associated with CVAs
, Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, where the
cerebrospinal fluid circulates.
-ruptured intracranial aneurysm/trauma
Subarachnoid
-IICP/irritates meningeal tissues/produces
hemorrhage
inflammation, blood coats nerve roots, impairs CSF
circulation
-compensatory increase in SBP
Bacterial- Meningococcus and S. pneumococcus
bacteria are most common
Meningitis
Viral- Specific pathogen cannot be found in CSF
-Eat a low fat diet
Prostate cancer
- Slow growing cancer so DRE and PSA testing
prevention
prevents
- Chronic inflammation
-Bladder outflow obstruction
-Urge to pee often
BPH and the urinary -delay in starting stream
system - Decreased force of stream
-Urinary retention/ overflow incontinence (late sign)
Complications: Hematuria, infections, bladder calculi,
retention, hydronephrosis, renal insufficiency
- fever
-anemia,
Cause of respiratory
-anxiety, panic
Alkalosis
-thyrotoxicosis
-hyperventilation
-Plasma- Bicarbonate-carbonic acid and HGB.
buffer molecules -Intracellular- Phosphate and protein
Renal- Ammonia and Phosphate
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY LATEST
UPDATE 2025-2026 WITH ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS|ALREADY GRADED A+
(BRAND NEW!)
Terms in this set (85)
area of the skin that is mainly
supplied by branches of a single
spinal sensory nerve root. These
Dermatomes spinal sensory nerves enter the
nerve root at the spinal cord,
and their branches reach to the
periphery of the body.
Acetylcholine- Excitatory or inhibitory- alzheimers
Norepi- Excitatory or inhibitory- sleep/wake cycle,
Substance release at the
SYNS transmission
synapse
Dopa- Excitatory (h1 and h2 receptors) and inhibitory
(H3 receptors). parkinson disease
structural defect (degeneration, fracture, or
developmental defect) in the pars interarticularis of
the vertebral arch (the joining of the vertebral body to
Spondylolysis the posterior structures). The lumbar spine at L5 is
affected most often.
-Heredity
-Other congenital spinal defects
, Parietal lobe- major area for somatic sensory input,
located along the postcentral gyrus. which is adjacent
to the primary motor area in the precentral gyrus.
motor and sensory areas Primary motor area (Brodmann area 4)- located along
of the brain the precentral gyrus forming the primary voluntary
motor area (homunculus) (little man).
Association fibers provide communication between
sensory and motor
ischemic but not infarcted (salvageable) tissue. Peri-
Ischemic penumbra infarct tissue.
-no structural damage
ischemic- white infarct (affected area is pale and soft
6-12 hours after). necrosis appears by 48 to 72 hours.
Cerebral infarction
Infiltration of macrophages and phagocytosis of
necrotic tissue. necrosis resolves around the 2nd
week. glial scarring.
Toxins (usually amino acids) that overstimulate
excitotoxins
glutamate release and cause neuron suicide.
the inability to recognize familiar objects.
-tactile/spatial-parietal lobe
Agnosia -Gerstmann syndrome (loss of spatial orientation of
fingers, body, sides and #s)- L angular gyrus (Parieral)
-Object- Temporo-occipital area
-Associated with CVAs
, Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, where the
cerebrospinal fluid circulates.
-ruptured intracranial aneurysm/trauma
Subarachnoid
-IICP/irritates meningeal tissues/produces
hemorrhage
inflammation, blood coats nerve roots, impairs CSF
circulation
-compensatory increase in SBP
Bacterial- Meningococcus and S. pneumococcus
bacteria are most common
Meningitis
Viral- Specific pathogen cannot be found in CSF
-Eat a low fat diet
Prostate cancer
- Slow growing cancer so DRE and PSA testing
prevention
prevents
- Chronic inflammation
-Bladder outflow obstruction
-Urge to pee often
BPH and the urinary -delay in starting stream
system - Decreased force of stream
-Urinary retention/ overflow incontinence (late sign)
Complications: Hematuria, infections, bladder calculi,
retention, hydronephrosis, renal insufficiency
- fever
-anemia,
Cause of respiratory
-anxiety, panic
Alkalosis
-thyrotoxicosis
-hyperventilation
-Plasma- Bicarbonate-carbonic acid and HGB.
buffer molecules -Intracellular- Phosphate and protein
Renal- Ammonia and Phosphate
