BSNS 112 MIDTERM AND FINAL EXAM NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE 300 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS VERIFIED
ANSWERS
What does quantitative data use? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Means
What is discrete data? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Quantitative. Measured in specific
values
What is continuous data? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Quantitative. Measure in infinite
values
What does qualitative data use? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Proportions
What is ordinal data? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Qualitative. Conveys a ranking
What is nominal data? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Qualitative. Uses labels (no ranking)
What variables does a cross tabulation table use? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Categorical
and categorical
What variables does a scatter plot use? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Numerical and
numerical
What variable(s) does a frequency table use? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅One categorical
variable
What variables does a stacked/clustered bar chart use? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Categorical and categorical
,What variables does a relative frequency histogram use? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Categorical and numerical
Define mean - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Simple average
Define median - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Middle value when data is ranked
Define mode - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Most frequent value
Define trimmed mean - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Average when most extreme 5% of data
is cut
Define range - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅maximum - minimum
Define interquartile range - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅75th percentile - 25th percentile
Define variance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅spread of data around mean (σ²)
What happens when standard deviation increases? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Graph
widens
Define coefficient of variation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Compares variability between
groups with different magnitudes
Coefficient of variation equation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅SD / x̅ where x̅ is the sample
mean
What does it mean by a positively skewed graph? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Tail trails to
the right. Mean > Median > Mode
,What does it mean by a negative skewed graph? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Tail trails to
the left. Mode > Median > Mean
When is a graph significantly skewed? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Skewness more than
twice the standard error
Define kurtosis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Measure of the extent to which observations
cluster around a central point
What is the normal distribution kurtosis value? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅0
Define positive kurtosis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Data clusters more in the centre
Define negative kurtosis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Data clusters less in the centre
How is cross-sectional data collected? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅By observing many
subjects at the same point of time, or without regard to differences in time
What is time-series data? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅A sequence taken at successive
equally spaced points in time (discrete-time data)
Define association - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅How one variable relates to another
Define covariance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Measure of the co-movement between 2
variables (measured in units)
Define positive covariance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅2 variables move in the same
direction
, Define negative covariance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅2 variables move in the opposite
direction
Define the correlation coefficient - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Measure of the linear
relationship between 2 variables (scaled to equal a value between -1 and +1)
Define positive correlation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅2 variables move in the same linear
direction
Define negative correlation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅2 variables move in the opposite
linear direction
Define parameter - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅A summary measure that describes a
characteristic of the population
Define statistic - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅A summary measure that describes a
characteristic of a sample
Define simple random sampling - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Everyone is equally likely to
be chosen from a population
Define systematic random sampling - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Selecting 1 individual
from a group and choosing the kth individual thereafter
Define stratified random sampling - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Dividing the population
into homogenous groups of similar characteristics and selecting a random sample from each
group
Define cluster sampling - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Dividing the population into several
clusters (that aren't homogenous), and taking a random sample from each cluster
COMPLETE 300 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS VERIFIED
ANSWERS
What does quantitative data use? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Means
What is discrete data? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Quantitative. Measured in specific
values
What is continuous data? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Quantitative. Measure in infinite
values
What does qualitative data use? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Proportions
What is ordinal data? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Qualitative. Conveys a ranking
What is nominal data? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Qualitative. Uses labels (no ranking)
What variables does a cross tabulation table use? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Categorical
and categorical
What variables does a scatter plot use? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Numerical and
numerical
What variable(s) does a frequency table use? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅One categorical
variable
What variables does a stacked/clustered bar chart use? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Categorical and categorical
,What variables does a relative frequency histogram use? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Categorical and numerical
Define mean - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Simple average
Define median - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Middle value when data is ranked
Define mode - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Most frequent value
Define trimmed mean - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Average when most extreme 5% of data
is cut
Define range - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅maximum - minimum
Define interquartile range - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅75th percentile - 25th percentile
Define variance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅spread of data around mean (σ²)
What happens when standard deviation increases? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Graph
widens
Define coefficient of variation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Compares variability between
groups with different magnitudes
Coefficient of variation equation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅SD / x̅ where x̅ is the sample
mean
What does it mean by a positively skewed graph? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Tail trails to
the right. Mean > Median > Mode
,What does it mean by a negative skewed graph? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Tail trails to
the left. Mode > Median > Mean
When is a graph significantly skewed? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Skewness more than
twice the standard error
Define kurtosis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Measure of the extent to which observations
cluster around a central point
What is the normal distribution kurtosis value? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅0
Define positive kurtosis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Data clusters more in the centre
Define negative kurtosis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Data clusters less in the centre
How is cross-sectional data collected? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅By observing many
subjects at the same point of time, or without regard to differences in time
What is time-series data? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅A sequence taken at successive
equally spaced points in time (discrete-time data)
Define association - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅How one variable relates to another
Define covariance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Measure of the co-movement between 2
variables (measured in units)
Define positive covariance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅2 variables move in the same
direction
, Define negative covariance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅2 variables move in the opposite
direction
Define the correlation coefficient - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Measure of the linear
relationship between 2 variables (scaled to equal a value between -1 and +1)
Define positive correlation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅2 variables move in the same linear
direction
Define negative correlation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅2 variables move in the opposite
linear direction
Define parameter - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅A summary measure that describes a
characteristic of the population
Define statistic - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅A summary measure that describes a
characteristic of a sample
Define simple random sampling - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Everyone is equally likely to
be chosen from a population
Define systematic random sampling - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Selecting 1 individual
from a group and choosing the kth individual thereafter
Define stratified random sampling - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Dividing the population
into homogenous groups of similar characteristics and selecting a random sample from each
group
Define cluster sampling - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Dividing the population into several
clusters (that aren't homogenous), and taking a random sample from each cluster
