WGUlD570lObjectivelAssessmentlReviewl
(Newl2025/l2026lUpdate)lCognitivel
Psychologyl|lQsl&lAs|lGradelA|l100%l
Correctl(VerifiedlAnswers)
QUESTION
WhatlislthelDefaultlModelNetworkl(DMN)
Answer:
Albrainlnetworklactivelduringlrestlorlwhenlnotlfocusedlonlaltask,lassociatedlwithlintrospection,l
mind-wandering,landlmemory.
QUESTION
ExplainlPairedlAssociatelLearning.lGivelanlexamplel(Createlyourlown)
Answer:
Almemoryltasklwherelparticipantsllearnlpairsloflitemsl(e.g.,lwordlpairs)land,lduringltesting,lrec
alllthelsecondlitemlwhenlpresentedlwithlthelfirst.
Learningl"dog-table,"lthenlrecallingl"table"lwhenlpromptedlwithl"dog."
QUESTION
WhatldoeslConceptuallPeglHypothesisl(Paivio)lsuggest?
Answer:
Thatlconcretelwordsl(e.g.,l"apple")lcreatelmentallimageslthatlactlasl"pegs"ltolwhichlotherlinfor
mationlcanlbellinked,lenhancinglmemory.
,QUESTION
MentallChronometryl(ShepardlandlMetzler)lislusedltolmeasurelwhat?lExplainltheirlexperiments
.
Answer:
Thelstudyloflreactionltimesltolinferlcognitivelprocessing.
Inltheirlexperiments,lparticipantsljudgedlwhetherltwol3Dlobjectslwerelidenticallorlrotated,landlr
eactionltimelincreasedlwithltheldegreeloflrotation.
Significance:lProvidedlevidencelforlmentallrotationlandldemonstratedlthatlmentallimageryloper
ateslsimilarlyltolphysicallobjectlmanipulation.
QUESTION
WhatlislMentallScanningl(Kosslyn)?lExplainltheirlexperiment.
Answer:
Alcognitivelprocesslwherelindividualslvisualizelanlimagelinltheirlmindlandlscanlitlforldetails.
InlKosslyn'slexperiments,lparticipantslimaginedlalmaplandltookllongerltolmentallylscanlbetwee
nldistantllandmarks,lsuggestinglmentallimageslpreservelspatiallrelationships.
Significance:lSupportslthelidealthatlmentallimagerylislspatiallandlanalogousltolreal-
worldlperception.
QUESTION
WhatlislEpiphenomenon?
Answer:
Anlepiphenomenonlisllikelalsideleffectlorlextralresultloflsomethinglthatlhappenslbutldoesn'tlact
uallylchangelorlaffectlthelmainlprocess.
,Inlmentallimagery,lthelidealislthatlwhenlyoul"see"lpictureslinlyourlmind,lthoselpictureslareljustl
albyproductloflhowlyourlbrainlislworking.lTheylcomelfromlthelbrain'slthinkinglprocesseslbutlar
en'tlnecessarylforlhowlyoulmakeldecisionslorlsolvelproblems.
QUESTION
ExplainlthelconceptloflPropositionallRepresentations
Answer:
Propositionallrepresentationslarellikelmentalldescriptionslorlstatementslthatluselwordslorlsymbo
lsltolstorelinformationlinlyourlbrain,lratherlthanlpictureslorlimages.
Forlexample:lInsteadloflimagininglalpictureloflalcatlunderlaltable,lyourlbrainlmightlstorelthelid
ealaslalsentence,llikel"Thelcatlislunderltheltable."lIt'slabstractlandldoesn'tlrelylonlvisualizinglthe
lscenelbutlstilllholdslthelmeaningloflthelsituation.
Thinkloflitlaslyourlbrain'slwayloflwritinglnoteslaboutlthelworld,lusinglwordslorlsymbolslinstead
lofldrawings.
QUESTION
ExplainlthelconceptloflalTopographicallMap
Answer:
TopographicallMap:llikelalmentallmaplinlyourlbrainlthatlkeepslthellayoutloflwhatlyoulseelinlthe
lreallworld.
Inlyourlbrain'slvisuallcortex,ltherelarelgroupsloflneuronsl(brainlcells)lthatlrespondltolspecificlpa
rtsloflwhatlyou'rellookinglat.lIfltwolthingslarelnextltoleachlotherlinlyourlfieldloflview,lthelneuro
nslrespondingltolthoselthingslarelalsolnextltoleachlotherlinlthelbrain.
It'slasliflyourlbrainlislcopyinglthelstructureloflwhatlyoulseelandlkeepinglitlorganized,lsolthelspa
tiallrelationshipsl(what'slnextltolwhat)larelpreserved.lThislhelpslyoulprocesslandlunderstandlvis
uallinformationlefficiently.
QUESTION
ExplainlthelKreimanlFigure
, Answer:
ThelKreimanlFigurelrefersltolalstudylorlillustrationlrelatedltolhowlthelbrainlprocesseslimages,lp
articularlylinlmentallimagery.lInlsimplelterms,litlshowslhowlcertainlbrainlareaslbecomelactivel
whenlyoulimaginelsomething,levenliflyou'relnotlactuallylseeinglit.
Forlexample,liflyoulimaginelaltree,lpartsloflyourlbrainlthatlwouldllightluplwhenlyoulseelaltreeli
nlrealllifelarelalsolactivelduringlimagination.lThelKreimanlFigurelmightldisplaylthisloverlap,lof
tenlusedltolsupportlthelidealthatlimagininglandlseeinglsharelsimilarlbrainlmechanisms
QUESTION
ExplainlthelLelBihanlFigure
Answer:
ThelLelBihanlFigurelisloftenlusedltolshowlhowlthelbrain'slvisuallsystemlrespondsltolbothlrealli
mageslandlimaginedlimages.
Itldemonstrateslthatlwhenlyoulseelsomethingl(likelaltree)lorlimaginelthelsamelthinglinlyourlmin
d,lsimilarlareasloflyourlbrainllightlup.lSpecifically,litlfocuseslonlhowlthelvisuallcortex,lthelpartl
oflyourlbrainlresponsiblelforlprocessinglwhatlyoulsee,lislactivelduringlbothlseeinglandlimaginin
g.
QUESTION
ExplainlMultivoxellPatternlAnalysisl(MVPA)
Answer:
MultivoxellPatternlAnalysisl(MVPA)lislalbrainlimagingltechniquelthatllookslatlpatternsloflactiv
itylacrosslmanylsmalllareasl(voxels)linlthelbrainltolfigureloutlwhatlalpersonlislthinkinglorlexper
iencing.
It'sllikellookinglatlaldetailedl"heatmap"loflthelbrain.lInsteadlofljustlcheckingliflonelpartloflthelb
rainlislactive,lMVPAlstudieslthelspecificlpatternsloflactivitylinlmultiplelspotsltolseelifltheylmatc
hlsomething,llikelalspecificlthoughtlorlimage.
(Newl2025/l2026lUpdate)lCognitivel
Psychologyl|lQsl&lAs|lGradelA|l100%l
Correctl(VerifiedlAnswers)
QUESTION
WhatlislthelDefaultlModelNetworkl(DMN)
Answer:
Albrainlnetworklactivelduringlrestlorlwhenlnotlfocusedlonlaltask,lassociatedlwithlintrospection,l
mind-wandering,landlmemory.
QUESTION
ExplainlPairedlAssociatelLearning.lGivelanlexamplel(Createlyourlown)
Answer:
Almemoryltasklwherelparticipantsllearnlpairsloflitemsl(e.g.,lwordlpairs)land,lduringltesting,lrec
alllthelsecondlitemlwhenlpresentedlwithlthelfirst.
Learningl"dog-table,"lthenlrecallingl"table"lwhenlpromptedlwithl"dog."
QUESTION
WhatldoeslConceptuallPeglHypothesisl(Paivio)lsuggest?
Answer:
Thatlconcretelwordsl(e.g.,l"apple")lcreatelmentallimageslthatlactlasl"pegs"ltolwhichlotherlinfor
mationlcanlbellinked,lenhancinglmemory.
,QUESTION
MentallChronometryl(ShepardlandlMetzler)lislusedltolmeasurelwhat?lExplainltheirlexperiments
.
Answer:
Thelstudyloflreactionltimesltolinferlcognitivelprocessing.
Inltheirlexperiments,lparticipantsljudgedlwhetherltwol3Dlobjectslwerelidenticallorlrotated,landlr
eactionltimelincreasedlwithltheldegreeloflrotation.
Significance:lProvidedlevidencelforlmentallrotationlandldemonstratedlthatlmentallimageryloper
ateslsimilarlyltolphysicallobjectlmanipulation.
QUESTION
WhatlislMentallScanningl(Kosslyn)?lExplainltheirlexperiment.
Answer:
Alcognitivelprocesslwherelindividualslvisualizelanlimagelinltheirlmindlandlscanlitlforldetails.
InlKosslyn'slexperiments,lparticipantslimaginedlalmaplandltookllongerltolmentallylscanlbetwee
nldistantllandmarks,lsuggestinglmentallimageslpreservelspatiallrelationships.
Significance:lSupportslthelidealthatlmentallimagerylislspatiallandlanalogousltolreal-
worldlperception.
QUESTION
WhatlislEpiphenomenon?
Answer:
Anlepiphenomenonlisllikelalsideleffectlorlextralresultloflsomethinglthatlhappenslbutldoesn'tlact
uallylchangelorlaffectlthelmainlprocess.
,Inlmentallimagery,lthelidealislthatlwhenlyoul"see"lpictureslinlyourlmind,lthoselpictureslareljustl
albyproductloflhowlyourlbrainlislworking.lTheylcomelfromlthelbrain'slthinkinglprocesseslbutlar
en'tlnecessarylforlhowlyoulmakeldecisionslorlsolvelproblems.
QUESTION
ExplainlthelconceptloflPropositionallRepresentations
Answer:
Propositionallrepresentationslarellikelmentalldescriptionslorlstatementslthatluselwordslorlsymbo
lsltolstorelinformationlinlyourlbrain,lratherlthanlpictureslorlimages.
Forlexample:lInsteadloflimagininglalpictureloflalcatlunderlaltable,lyourlbrainlmightlstorelthelid
ealaslalsentence,llikel"Thelcatlislunderltheltable."lIt'slabstractlandldoesn'tlrelylonlvisualizinglthe
lscenelbutlstilllholdslthelmeaningloflthelsituation.
Thinkloflitlaslyourlbrain'slwayloflwritinglnoteslaboutlthelworld,lusinglwordslorlsymbolslinstead
lofldrawings.
QUESTION
ExplainlthelconceptloflalTopographicallMap
Answer:
TopographicallMap:llikelalmentallmaplinlyourlbrainlthatlkeepslthellayoutloflwhatlyoulseelinlthe
lreallworld.
Inlyourlbrain'slvisuallcortex,ltherelarelgroupsloflneuronsl(brainlcells)lthatlrespondltolspecificlpa
rtsloflwhatlyou'rellookinglat.lIfltwolthingslarelnextltoleachlotherlinlyourlfieldloflview,lthelneuro
nslrespondingltolthoselthingslarelalsolnextltoleachlotherlinlthelbrain.
It'slasliflyourlbrainlislcopyinglthelstructureloflwhatlyoulseelandlkeepinglitlorganized,lsolthelspa
tiallrelationshipsl(what'slnextltolwhat)larelpreserved.lThislhelpslyoulprocesslandlunderstandlvis
uallinformationlefficiently.
QUESTION
ExplainlthelKreimanlFigure
, Answer:
ThelKreimanlFigurelrefersltolalstudylorlillustrationlrelatedltolhowlthelbrainlprocesseslimages,lp
articularlylinlmentallimagery.lInlsimplelterms,litlshowslhowlcertainlbrainlareaslbecomelactivel
whenlyoulimaginelsomething,levenliflyou'relnotlactuallylseeinglit.
Forlexample,liflyoulimaginelaltree,lpartsloflyourlbrainlthatlwouldllightluplwhenlyoulseelaltreeli
nlrealllifelarelalsolactivelduringlimagination.lThelKreimanlFigurelmightldisplaylthisloverlap,lof
tenlusedltolsupportlthelidealthatlimagininglandlseeinglsharelsimilarlbrainlmechanisms
QUESTION
ExplainlthelLelBihanlFigure
Answer:
ThelLelBihanlFigurelisloftenlusedltolshowlhowlthelbrain'slvisuallsystemlrespondsltolbothlrealli
mageslandlimaginedlimages.
Itldemonstrateslthatlwhenlyoulseelsomethingl(likelaltree)lorlimaginelthelsamelthinglinlyourlmin
d,lsimilarlareasloflyourlbrainllightlup.lSpecifically,litlfocuseslonlhowlthelvisuallcortex,lthelpartl
oflyourlbrainlresponsiblelforlprocessinglwhatlyoulsee,lislactivelduringlbothlseeinglandlimaginin
g.
QUESTION
ExplainlMultivoxellPatternlAnalysisl(MVPA)
Answer:
MultivoxellPatternlAnalysisl(MVPA)lislalbrainlimagingltechniquelthatllookslatlpatternsloflactiv
itylacrosslmanylsmalllareasl(voxels)linlthelbrainltolfigureloutlwhatlalpersonlislthinkinglorlexper
iencing.
It'sllikellookinglatlaldetailedl"heatmap"loflthelbrain.lInsteadlofljustlcheckingliflonelpartloflthelb
rainlislactive,lMVPAlstudieslthelspecificlpatternsloflactivitylinlmultiplelspotsltolseelifltheylmatc
hlsomething,llikelalspecificlthoughtlorlimage.
