Pharmacology FNP (2025) comprehensive questions
and verified answers ( detailed & elaborated)
ACTUAL EXAM 2025 TEST!!
Macrolides (erythro, clarithro, pediazole), Antifungals (ketoconazole,
fluconazole), Cisapride (Propulsid) *Been pulled, Cimetidine
(Tagament), Citalopram (Celexa) - ✔✔ANSW✔✔Causes the most
interactions
Cause or exacerbate CHF in some patient. Do not use in Class III or IV
heart failure; Stop Actos if c/o dyspnea, weight gain, cough (heart
failure) - ✔✔ANSW✔✔Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) - Pioglitazone
(Actos)
High risk of weight gain, metabolic syndrome, and type 2;
Monitor weight every 3 months, higher mortality in elderly patients
Monitor TSH, lipids, weight/BMI - ✔✔ANSW✔✔Atypical
antipsychotics -
Risperidone (Risperdal)
Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
Quietipine (Seroquel)
Jaw pain (jaw necrosis), chest pain, difficulty swallowing, burning mid-
back (perforation).
Take alone upon awakening with 8 oz glass of water not juice before
breakfast.
,Do not lie down x 30 min. afterwards, do not mix with other meds. -
✔✔ANSW✔✔Bisposphonates-
Alendronate (Fosamax)
Risedronate (Actonel)
Do not mix with grapefruit juice
Drug induced hepatitis or rhabdomyolysis higher if mixed with azole
antifungals
High dose Zocor (80mg) has highest risk for rhabdo (muscle pain,
tenderness)
CK (creatine kinase) level goes up - ✔✔ANSW✔✔Statin-
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Lovastatin (Mevacor)
Rosuvastatin (Crestor)
Simvastatin (Zocor)
High risk of C. diff associated diarrhea
Metronidazole (Flagyl) PO TID x 10-14 days
Probiotics daily - BID x few weeks - ✔✔ANSW✔✔Lincosamides-
Clindamycin (Cleocin)
Treats a-fib
Overdose: anorexia, N/V, abd pain, arrhythmias, confusion, yellowish
green tinged-color vision, scotomas (paritial loss of vision or blind spot)
Treatment: Digibind
Labs: Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium, Creatinine, serial EKGs -
✔✔ANSW✔✔Cardiac Glycosides -
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Hold warfarin for 1 to 2 doses , recheck INR every 2 to 3 days until it is
stable (btw 2.0-3.0)
OR
Hold warfarin and add a small dose of oral vit. K
, After stable recheck monthly - ✔✔ANSW✔✔INR between 5.0 and 9.0
(without bleeding)
green leafy vegetables, broccoli, brussel sprouts, cabbage (ALL
GREEN)
Mayonnaise, canola oil, and soybean oil - ✔✔ANSW✔✔Foods high in
Vitamin K
increases stroke 6-fold - ✔✔ANSW✔✔INR below 2.0
risk for hemorrhage in elderly (>70) - ✔✔ANSW✔✔INR high
First line for uncomplicated hypertension, heart failure, edema -
✔✔ANSW✔✔Thiazide diurectics -
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
Chlorthalidone (longer acting and more potent than HCTZ)
Indapamide
Hyperglycemia
Elevated TG and LDL
Elevates uric acid
Hypokalemia - ✔✔ANSW✔✔Thiazide diurectics adverse effects
Decrease calcium excretion by kidneys and stimulate osteoclast
formation - ✔✔ANSW✔✔Thiazide diurectics benefits
serious sulfa allergy and use potassium-sparing diuretics (triamterene,
amiloride) - ✔✔ANSW✔✔Avoid Thiazide diurectics if
Hypertension
Alternative diuretic for pt with severe sulfa allergy -
✔✔ANSW✔✔Potassium-Sparing Diuretics -
Triamterene (Dyrenium)
and verified answers ( detailed & elaborated)
ACTUAL EXAM 2025 TEST!!
Macrolides (erythro, clarithro, pediazole), Antifungals (ketoconazole,
fluconazole), Cisapride (Propulsid) *Been pulled, Cimetidine
(Tagament), Citalopram (Celexa) - ✔✔ANSW✔✔Causes the most
interactions
Cause or exacerbate CHF in some patient. Do not use in Class III or IV
heart failure; Stop Actos if c/o dyspnea, weight gain, cough (heart
failure) - ✔✔ANSW✔✔Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) - Pioglitazone
(Actos)
High risk of weight gain, metabolic syndrome, and type 2;
Monitor weight every 3 months, higher mortality in elderly patients
Monitor TSH, lipids, weight/BMI - ✔✔ANSW✔✔Atypical
antipsychotics -
Risperidone (Risperdal)
Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
Quietipine (Seroquel)
Jaw pain (jaw necrosis), chest pain, difficulty swallowing, burning mid-
back (perforation).
Take alone upon awakening with 8 oz glass of water not juice before
breakfast.
,Do not lie down x 30 min. afterwards, do not mix with other meds. -
✔✔ANSW✔✔Bisposphonates-
Alendronate (Fosamax)
Risedronate (Actonel)
Do not mix with grapefruit juice
Drug induced hepatitis or rhabdomyolysis higher if mixed with azole
antifungals
High dose Zocor (80mg) has highest risk for rhabdo (muscle pain,
tenderness)
CK (creatine kinase) level goes up - ✔✔ANSW✔✔Statin-
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Lovastatin (Mevacor)
Rosuvastatin (Crestor)
Simvastatin (Zocor)
High risk of C. diff associated diarrhea
Metronidazole (Flagyl) PO TID x 10-14 days
Probiotics daily - BID x few weeks - ✔✔ANSW✔✔Lincosamides-
Clindamycin (Cleocin)
Treats a-fib
Overdose: anorexia, N/V, abd pain, arrhythmias, confusion, yellowish
green tinged-color vision, scotomas (paritial loss of vision or blind spot)
Treatment: Digibind
Labs: Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium, Creatinine, serial EKGs -
✔✔ANSW✔✔Cardiac Glycosides -
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Hold warfarin for 1 to 2 doses , recheck INR every 2 to 3 days until it is
stable (btw 2.0-3.0)
OR
Hold warfarin and add a small dose of oral vit. K
, After stable recheck monthly - ✔✔ANSW✔✔INR between 5.0 and 9.0
(without bleeding)
green leafy vegetables, broccoli, brussel sprouts, cabbage (ALL
GREEN)
Mayonnaise, canola oil, and soybean oil - ✔✔ANSW✔✔Foods high in
Vitamin K
increases stroke 6-fold - ✔✔ANSW✔✔INR below 2.0
risk for hemorrhage in elderly (>70) - ✔✔ANSW✔✔INR high
First line for uncomplicated hypertension, heart failure, edema -
✔✔ANSW✔✔Thiazide diurectics -
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
Chlorthalidone (longer acting and more potent than HCTZ)
Indapamide
Hyperglycemia
Elevated TG and LDL
Elevates uric acid
Hypokalemia - ✔✔ANSW✔✔Thiazide diurectics adverse effects
Decrease calcium excretion by kidneys and stimulate osteoclast
formation - ✔✔ANSW✔✔Thiazide diurectics benefits
serious sulfa allergy and use potassium-sparing diuretics (triamterene,
amiloride) - ✔✔ANSW✔✔Avoid Thiazide diurectics if
Hypertension
Alternative diuretic for pt with severe sulfa allergy -
✔✔ANSW✔✔Potassium-Sparing Diuretics -
Triamterene (Dyrenium)
