The Legal Environment of Business, 14th Edition
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TABLE OF CONTENTS VR VR VR
Chapter 1. Today’s Business Environment: Law and Ethics
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Chapter 2. The Court Systems
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Chapter 3. Trials and Resolving Disputes
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Chapter 4. The Constitution: Focus on Application to Business
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Chapter 5. Criminal Law and Business
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Chapter 6. Elements of Torts
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Chapter 7. Business Torts and Product Liability
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Chapter 8. Real and Personal Property
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Chapter 9. Intellectual Property
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Chapter 10. Contracts
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Chapter 11. Domestic and International Sales
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Chapter 12. Business Organizations
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Chapter 13. Negotiable Instruments, Credit, and Bankruptcy
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Chapter 14. Agency and the Employment Relationship
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The Legal Environment of Business, 14th Edition
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Chapter 15. Employment and Labor Regulations
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Chapter 16. Employment DiscriminationVR VR VR
Chapter 17. The Regulatory Process VR VR VR VR
Chapter 18. Securities Regulation VR VR VR
Chapter 19. Consumer Protection VR VR VR
Chapter 20. Antitrust Law VR VR VR
Chapter 21. Environmental Law VR VR VR
Chapter 22. The International Legal Environment of Business
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CHAPTER 1 VR
Table of Contents VR VR
Answer to Discussion Question ............................................................................................................................... 1
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Answers to Case Questions ....................................................................................................................................... 1
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Answers to Ethics and Social Questions.............................................................................................................. 3
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Answer to Discussion Question VR VR VR
Should the common law maxim “Ignorance of the law is no excuse” apply to an immigrant who spea
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The Legal Environment of Business, 14th Edition
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kslittle English and was not educated in the United States? How about for a tourist who does not sp
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eak English? Everyone knows criminal acts are prohibited, but what about subtler rules that differ ac
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ross countries and so may be misunderstood by foreigners?
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Answer: It is generally true that ignorance of the law is no excuse. Citizens are deemed to have con
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structive knowledge of the law. Yet, as well known as this rule is, it is surprising how often it is
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proffered as an excuse. (A Westlaw search cases finds hundreds of examples). Examples include:
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VR Deluco v. Dezi (Conn. Super) (lack of knowledge regarding the state‘s usury laws is no excuse f
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or the inclusion of an illegal interest rate in a sales contract); and Plumlee v. Paddock (ignoranc
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e of thefact that the subject matter of the contract was illegal was not excuse). The courts have
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VR provided a small exception to the rule when it comes to people in lack of English language ski
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lls. Consider Flanery v. Kuska, (defendant did not speak English was advised by a friend that an
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R answer to a complaint was not required); Ramon v. Dept. of Transportation, (no English and an
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R inability to understand the law required for an excuse); Yurechko v. County of Allegheny, (Ignor
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ance and with the fact that the municipality suffered no hardship in late lawsuit filing was an e
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xcuse).
Answers to Case Questions VR VR VR
1. Facts from an English judge’s decision in 1884: “The crew of an English yacht..... were cast away in
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a storm on the high seas . . . and were compelled to put into an open boat.
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................................................................................................................................................................ They had no supply VR VR VR
of water and no supply of food. . . . That on the eighteenth day . . . they
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......................................................................................................................................................... suggested that one VR VR
should be sacrificed to save the rest. . . . That next day . . . they . . . went to the boy put a knife
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into his throat and killed him . . . the three men fed upon the body
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............................................................................................................................................. of the boy for four days; [then] VR VR VR VR VR VR
the boat was picked up by a passing vessel, and [they] were rescued. . . . and committed for trial. .
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if the men had not fed upon the body of the boy they would probably not have survived t
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o be sopicked up and rescued, but would
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............................................................................. have died of famine. The boy, being in a much weaker VR VR VR VR VR VR VR VR VR VR
condition, was likely to have died before them .... The real question in this case [is] whether killing
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under the conditions set forth .... be or be not murder.” Do you consider the acts to be immoral?
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[Regina v. Dudley and Stephens, 14 Queens Bench Division 273 (1884)]
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Answer: This points out that the legal system has limits. Its acceptability is dictated by legal culture--
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whichdetermines whether law will be enforced, obeyed, avoided, or abused. It is limited by the i
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nformal rules of the society-- VR VR VR VR
its customs and values. One limit is the extent to which society will allow the formal rules to be
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The Legal Environment of Business, 14th Edition
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