AQA A-Level Biology - Mass Transport
Left Atrium - ANS- The chamber of the heart that holds oxygenated blood from the
pulmonary vein
Left Ventricle - ANS- The chamber of the heart that holds oxygenated blood that is
forced in from the atrium
Right Atrium - ANS- The chamber of the heart that holds deoxygenated blood from both
vena cava
Right Ventricle - ANS- The chamber of the heart that holds deoxygenated blood that is
forced in from the atrium
Atrioventricular Valves - ANS- The valves that separate the atria from the ventricles
Bicuspid Valve - ANS- The valve that separates the two chambers responsible for
oxygenated blood
Tricuspid Valve - ANS- The valve that separates the two chambers responsible for
deoxygenated blood
Semi-Lunar Valves - ANS- The valves that separate the ventricles from the arteries
Aorta - ANS- The artery that transports blood from the ventricle to the entire body
Pulmonary Vein - ANS- The vein that carries oxygenated blood to the heart
Pulmonary Artery - ANS- The artery that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Vena Cava - ANS- The vein that carries deoxygenated blood to the heart
Diastole - ANS- Complete relaxation of the heart. This lowers the pressure in the heart
which allows for blood to flow into the atria and partially trickle into the ventricles (due to
relaxed atrioventricular valves)
Sinoatrial Node - ANS- The electrical impulse that is sent across the atria of the heart,
stimulating atrial systole
Atrial Systole - ANS- The process where the atria contract, this decreases the volume of
the atria and increases the blood pressure in the atria, forcing the atrioventricular valves
open. This allows blood to flow into the ventricles, where the pressure is lower
, Atrioventricular Node - ANS- The electrical impulse that is sent down the centre of the
heart, across the bundle of his and to the purkinje fibres of the heart, stimulating
ventricular systole
Ventricular Systole - ANS- The process where the ventricles contract, this decreases the
volume of the ventricles and increases the blood pressure in the ventricles, forcing the
semi-lunar valves open. This allows blood to flow into the main arteries, where the
pressure is lower
Closing of Valves - ANS- The process that occurs when there is higher pressure in the
ventricles or the arteries to prevent any back flow of blood
Pressure Gradient - ANS- To allow for heart contraction, there needs to be one condition
maintained within the heart at all times
Myogenic - ANS- Muscle contraction that is normal for the body and unaffected by
chemicals in the brain
Blood Pressure - ANS- A measurement showing the ratio of systolic pressure to that of
diastolic pressure
Systolic Pressure - ANS- When measuring blood pressure, the numerator represents this
type of pressure
Diastolic Pressure - ANS- When measuring blood pressure, the denominator represents
this type of pressure. The higher this value is, the higher the overall blood pressure
Cardiac Output - ANS- Heart rate x Stroke volume
Can be measured using graphs like the one shown
ECG - ANS- Electro-cardiogram. This measures the electrical activity of the heart to
ensure that everything is working appropriately
P - ANS- The point of the graph which represents atrial systole
QRS Complex - ANS- The point on the graph which represents ventricular systole
T - ANS- The point on the graph which represents ventricular re-polarisation - the
recovery of ventricular walls where neurons revert to their original charges
QT Interval - ANS- The point on the graph which represents the contraction time of the
ventricles
Left Atrium - ANS- The chamber of the heart that holds oxygenated blood from the
pulmonary vein
Left Ventricle - ANS- The chamber of the heart that holds oxygenated blood that is
forced in from the atrium
Right Atrium - ANS- The chamber of the heart that holds deoxygenated blood from both
vena cava
Right Ventricle - ANS- The chamber of the heart that holds deoxygenated blood that is
forced in from the atrium
Atrioventricular Valves - ANS- The valves that separate the atria from the ventricles
Bicuspid Valve - ANS- The valve that separates the two chambers responsible for
oxygenated blood
Tricuspid Valve - ANS- The valve that separates the two chambers responsible for
deoxygenated blood
Semi-Lunar Valves - ANS- The valves that separate the ventricles from the arteries
Aorta - ANS- The artery that transports blood from the ventricle to the entire body
Pulmonary Vein - ANS- The vein that carries oxygenated blood to the heart
Pulmonary Artery - ANS- The artery that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Vena Cava - ANS- The vein that carries deoxygenated blood to the heart
Diastole - ANS- Complete relaxation of the heart. This lowers the pressure in the heart
which allows for blood to flow into the atria and partially trickle into the ventricles (due to
relaxed atrioventricular valves)
Sinoatrial Node - ANS- The electrical impulse that is sent across the atria of the heart,
stimulating atrial systole
Atrial Systole - ANS- The process where the atria contract, this decreases the volume of
the atria and increases the blood pressure in the atria, forcing the atrioventricular valves
open. This allows blood to flow into the ventricles, where the pressure is lower
, Atrioventricular Node - ANS- The electrical impulse that is sent down the centre of the
heart, across the bundle of his and to the purkinje fibres of the heart, stimulating
ventricular systole
Ventricular Systole - ANS- The process where the ventricles contract, this decreases the
volume of the ventricles and increases the blood pressure in the ventricles, forcing the
semi-lunar valves open. This allows blood to flow into the main arteries, where the
pressure is lower
Closing of Valves - ANS- The process that occurs when there is higher pressure in the
ventricles or the arteries to prevent any back flow of blood
Pressure Gradient - ANS- To allow for heart contraction, there needs to be one condition
maintained within the heart at all times
Myogenic - ANS- Muscle contraction that is normal for the body and unaffected by
chemicals in the brain
Blood Pressure - ANS- A measurement showing the ratio of systolic pressure to that of
diastolic pressure
Systolic Pressure - ANS- When measuring blood pressure, the numerator represents this
type of pressure
Diastolic Pressure - ANS- When measuring blood pressure, the denominator represents
this type of pressure. The higher this value is, the higher the overall blood pressure
Cardiac Output - ANS- Heart rate x Stroke volume
Can be measured using graphs like the one shown
ECG - ANS- Electro-cardiogram. This measures the electrical activity of the heart to
ensure that everything is working appropriately
P - ANS- The point of the graph which represents atrial systole
QRS Complex - ANS- The point on the graph which represents ventricular systole
T - ANS- The point on the graph which represents ventricular re-polarisation - the
recovery of ventricular walls where neurons revert to their original charges
QT Interval - ANS- The point on the graph which represents the contraction time of the
ventricles
